• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1113-1118
• /
• 2011

In this paper, when a physician make a diagnosis of the pattern identification (PI) in Korean stroke patients, the development methods of the PI classification function is considered by diagnostic questionnaire of the PI for stroke patients. Clinical data collected from 1,502 stroke patients who was identically diagnosed for the PI subtypes diagnosed by two physicians with more than 3 years experiences in 13 oriental medical hospitals. In order to develop the classification function into PI using Korean Stroke Syndrome Differentiation Standard was consist of the 44 items (Fire heat(19), Qi deficiency(11), Yin deficiency(7), Dampness-phlegm(7)). Using the 44 items, we took diagnostic and prediction accuracy rate through of discriminant model. The overall diagnostic and prediction accuracy rate of the PI subtypes for discriminant model was 74.37%, 70.88% respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2011

In this study, we structuralized the diagnostic indices used for pattern identification (PI) of stroke, and suggested an AHP method to obtain the weights of PI indices. AHP of the subjects under consistency ratio 0.1 showed that the critical indices for stroke PI consists of 9 for Qi-deficiency, 13 for Phlegm/dampness, 7 for blood stagnation, 12 for Yin-deficiency and 16 for Fire/heat. Furthermore, AHP analysis rendered the weights of indices of each PI that will be useful for oriental medical experts to perform objective PI.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.469-480
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to investigate using of herbal medicine based on pattern identification of symptoms, such as Qi deficiency pattern, Yin deficiency pattern, Phlegm -dampness pattern, Static blood pattern, Fire-heat pattern. These patterns settled by Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for Stroke in 2005. This study was done with 177 patients in Daejeon University Oriental Medical Hospital in the period of November 2006 to July 2007. Among the five types of pattern identification, Phlegm -dampness pattern showed significantly high frequency especially in 3 weeks after stroke. The sort of herbal medicine was 43 and Dodamhwalhyoel-tang(26.61%), Sunhwanki 1 hobang(14.52%), Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang(4.84%), Ansinchongnoi-tang(4.84%), Chongryuldodam-tang(4.03%) were most frequently used. Especially Dodamhwalhyoel-tang showed significantly high frequency in 2 weeks after stroke. Based on these results, it is suggested that more practical Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for Stroke would be established through continuous clinical studies by giving weight on relationship between herbal medicine and pattern identification.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.29-49
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study was a methodological study to verify the reliability and validity and to make a diagnosis of a diagnostic tool for climacteric and postmenopausal syndrome pattern identification (CaPSPI). Methods: This study was conducted from June 1, 2018 to October 18, 2018 with ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$ University Korean Medicine Hospital IRB's approval (2018-3). To make a diagnosis using CaPSPI, we decided the cut-points for the tool. Three professors of ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$Korean Medical University conducted pattern identification diagnosis. The result is marked from 0 to 3, 0 is 'No', 1 is 'Slightly Yes', 2 is 'Yes' and 3 is 'Very Yes'. And if two or more professors' diagnoses are the same, we took the diagnoses as a diagnostic criteria. The decision of pattern by three experts converted to 0-1 scores in two ways. In "method 1", if the diagnosis was zero points, the score was 0 (have no such identification), and the rest was 1 (have such identification). In "method 2", if the diagnosis was zero or 1 point, the score was 0, and the rest was 1. After that, intraclass correlation was calculated for experts agreement. And logistic regression was conducted. A response variable was the results of the experts' diagnosis and an explanatory variable was the results of the pattern identification diagnostic tool. Results: The diagnosis of the three experts showed excellent concordance of more than 0.794 and showed a significant correlation with the diagnostic tool. Both 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' showed statistically significant effects with the diagnosis of 3 experts and the results of the diagnostic tool. The frequency of cumulative pattern identification diagnosis in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 578 occasions and 203 occasions, respectively. The average number of pattern held by participants in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 5.26 and 1.85, respectively. In both "Method 1" and "Method 2," the yield frequency of liver qi depression was the highest, and the frequency of kidney yin deficiency and liver-kidney yin deficiency was relatively high. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is thought that, in diagnosis using CaPSPI of menopausal women, 'method 1' could be used for the health diagnosis and prevention, 'method 2' could be used for the pattern diagnosis. On the conclusion, CaPSPI is thought to be available for pattern diagnosis of menopause women.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.77-91
• /
• 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a standard tool of pattern identification for Knee Osteoarthritis, which will be applied to clinical research. Methods The advisor committee for this study was organized by 11 panel of experts (Korean Rehabilitation Medicine professors, Acupuncture and Moxibustion professors belonging to Korean Medicine colleges, Principal Researcher of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Doctor of Korean medicine). The pattern identifications and symptoms for this tool were extracted from published Korean and Chinese literature. Through the discussion among internal experts and consultation from advisors, the Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Knee Osteoarthritis was developed. Results 1) Five pattern identifications (The Wind, Chill, and Moisture, The Moist-Heat, Blood Stasis, Yang Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney, Yin Deficiency of Liver and Kidney) were set for the tool. 2) The mean weights which represent the importance of each symptom and scored on a hundred-point scale was obtained. 3) The Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Knee Osteoarthritis was designed in the self-reporting format composed of 46 questions. Conclusions The Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Knee Osteoarthritis was created through this study. Though this study is not proved about validity, reliability, the instrument of pattern identification for Knee Osteoarthritis is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was aim to investigate the relationship between NIHSS and distribution of pattern identification in stroke patients. Methods : 1471 participants from the patients hospitalized for stroke within 4 weeks from April 2007 to August 2009 were included. They were grouped according to the NIHSS score; group 1 for the participants whose NIHSS were less than six, group 2 for seven to fifteen, and group 3 for over than sixteen. And the patients were re-divided into two groups according to their post-onset interval. The difference of distribution of five pattern identification for each group were investigated. And five pattern identification were re-analyzed according to the deficiency-excess pattern identification. K-W test was used for statistical synthesis, and the result was regarded as significant one, if its p-value was below 0.05. Results : Dampness-phelegm pattern was the most frequent out of five patterns in total participants as well as all the subgroups. In group 3 with more serious neurological deficit, larger proportion of patients in early acute stage was diagnosed as excess pattern including Fire-Heat pattern. On the other side the proportion of Deficiency of Qi and Yin was larger in late convalescent stage of group 3 than in other groups. But nothing was statistically significant. Conclusions : Further study including patients with more variant classification with follow-up evaluation is needed to reflect the real characteristics of stroke population.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2008

1. Objectives This case study describes a successful treatment process of a Soyangin patient with somatoform autonomic dysfunction symptoms using Soyangin therapeutic measures, including administration of Dokhwaljihwang-tang (獨活地黃湯) and Sibyimijihwang-tang (十二味地黃湯). 2. Methods The patient was treated with several constitutionally discriminated medicinal agents (獨活地黃湯, 十二味地黃湯) and acupunctural therapy accompanied by simultaneous western medical management. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to assess the severity of flushing. 3. Results and Conclusions As flushing was one of the chief complaints, the patient was treated with Soyangin therapeutic measures including Dokhwaljihwang-tang and Sibyimijihwang-tang. The patient responded positively to the therapy, but further studies are anticipated for more definitive conclusions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.964-968
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to select the major pulse indicators and evaluate their significance in discriminating the subtypes of Pattern Identifications (PI) from stroke patients. Decision tree analysis was carried out using clinical data collected from 835 stroke patients with the same subtypes diagnosed identically by two experts with more than 3 year clinical experiences. Among the 10 pulse indicators, 6 major pulse indicators (slow, rapid, strong, weak, slippery, and fine pulse) were selected by decision tree analysis. The accumulated distributions of six pulse indicators in each PI showed that strong was major pulse indicator in Fire-Heat pattern, slippery in Dampness Phlegm pattern, weak in Qi Deficiency pattern. But there were two major combinations in Yin deficiency pattern, weak or fine with rapid pulse and weak or fine without rapid pulse. Therefore, it is suggested that 6 pulse indicators can be used for discrimination of PI in stroke patients, though the combination studies between these pulse indicators and the other PI indicators are left for further study.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The climate changes in the natural realm displays pheonomena of excess and deficiency due to the principle of Yiyinyiyangzhiweidao. Here, overabundant qi arises due to the works of multiplication and insultation. When this overabundant qi is in force, the retaliating qi appears without fail to create a parallel. This is the Autonomous Equilibrium Mechanism found in the natural world. Studying this mechanism is deeply significant in understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Methods : The paper is written by reviewing the texts found in Huangdineijing's Chapters of Yunqi, which are $Q{\grave{i}}jiaobiandalun$, Wuchangzhengdalun, $Liuyuanzhengj{\grave{i}}dalun$, Zhizhenyaodalun, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : The overabundance and retaliation in Five Circuits take the form of the restrained child of the Five Circuits takes revenge on the overabundant qi on behalf of his mother. The overabundance and retaliation in Six Qi take the form of rapid healing of Benqi which was in stagnation. Traditionally, overabundant qi is the only one in existence when the Five Circuits are in excess and the year of Hai yin wu wei you xu's regular transformation. During this time, retaliating qi does not exist. When Five Circuits are in deficiency and in the year of Si shen zi chou mao chen's pattern transformation, both the overabundant and deficiency qis exist. However, regardless of regular transformation or pattern transformation, overabundant qi and retaliating qi cannot exist at the same time. This seems to be the rational conclusion. There are some regulations that overabundance and retaliation follow. First, the strong and weak, and number of days coincide. Second, overabundance qi appear during the first half of the period when the qi of controling heaven is in place. During the later half of the period when the qi of terrestrial effect is in force, retaliation qi is the one that appears. Third, overabundance and retaliation does not end with one time. Rather, they will continue to repeat appearance and disappearance without any set pattern. Fourth, the overabundance and retaliation of the guest qi and dominant qi only has overabundance and no retaliation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.32-47
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard tool for pattern identification of radiation pneumonitis. Methods: Textbooks, published studies, and references with comments about patterns were reviewed. Through the Delphi method, we determined pattern identifications based on advice from a committee of experts composed of 13 Korean respiratory internal medicine professors. Results: Using the Delphi method, four pattern identifications were chosen: Qi Deficiency (氣虛), Yin Deficiency (陰虛), Heat Toxin (熱毒), and Phlegm Dampness (痰濕). The tool was developed in a question-and-answer format with 35 questions. Conclusions: A pattern identification tool that can discriminate the patterns of radiation pneumonitis for standardized diagnosis was developed through expert consultation. Further study of its validity and reliability is necessary.