• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

Objective : We performed a clinical study to investigate pattern characteristics in persistent allergic rhinitis depending on Korean Medicine pattern questionnaire items as a pattern identification diagnostic tool. Method : 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis were asked to interview with doctor of Korean Medicine and perform the 4 pattern questionnaires(Cold-Heat Pattern, Phlegm Pattern, Yin Deficiency pattern, bloodstasis pattern). Then, we analyzed the response rate of each pattern questionnaires. Results : After diagnosis of Korean Medicine Doctor's pattern identification, 17 individual items have higher response rate, 7 of 17 items have a common tendency in allergic rhinitis. The other 8 of 10 items belong to Lung qi deficiency cold and Lung-spleen qi deficiency group, these have higher tendency of deficiency. In bloodstasis pattern questionnaires, we don't decide the tendency of patients with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion : The result may provide that we don't use Korean Medicine pattern questionnaires as a major tool in the pattern identification of allergic rhinitis. Continuous studies are needed to develop the standardized pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD, the relationship between pattern identifications in TKM and TCM and three presentations of ADHD defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Methods The pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD from the 13 Korean and Chinese literatures were analyzed. ADHD symptoms of each pattern were classified into 3 categories; symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and others. The characteristics of patterns for ADHD in Traditional Medicine were compared with three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5. Results 1. The pattern of dual deficiency of the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛) showed predominant symptoms of inattention and rarely showed those of severe hyperactivity and impulsivity. This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly inattentive presentation in DSM-5. 2. The pattern of phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and the pattern of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin (肝腎陰虛), frequently showed symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity compared with those of inattention. This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation in DSM-5. 3. The pattern of spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺) frequently showed both symptoms of hyperactivity, and this characteristic of ADHD can be related to the combined presentation in DSM-5. Conclusions This study showed the relationship between three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5 and the pattern identifications of ADHD in TKM and TCM.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2013

Objectives We carried out this study to know that there is any differences on the health condition of the middle aged women between Sasang coustitution. We used Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM) for diagnosis and determining pattern identification. Methods This research was approved by the Dongeui University Oriental Hospital Institutional Review Board (certificate no. 2011-06). From March 2012 to October 2012, we examined Kupperman's index, the MENQOL, DSOM, and Sasang Constitution of 291 women from the general population, with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years. And we compared the results statistically by the chi-square test and F-test. Results and Conclusions We excluded 4 Taeyangin to analyze because they were few, and analyzed 287 subjects which were 53 Soyangin, 131 Taeeumin, and 103 Soeumin. 1. The pathogenic factors that showed significant differences were deficiency of qi, insufficiency of Yin, heat on the frequency of the output and deficiency of qi, heat, phlegm on the mean of pathogenic factor score. Deficiency of qi was higher in Soeumin, insufficiency of Yin and heat were higher in Taeeumin, and phlegm was higher in Taeeumin and Soeumin. Overall, Soyangin tended to be lower than others on both the frequency of the output and the mean of pathogenic factor score. 2. The middle aged women with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years tended to be dryness, kidney, damp and became to be blood-deficiency, stagnation of qi, heart easily. Soyangin was more health than others, Taeeumin tended to be heat, phlegm, insufficiency of Yang, and Soeumin tended to be deficiency of qi.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to develop a standard instrument of Pattern Identification for jing ji and zheng chong. Methods : The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of oriental medical colleges. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. We took consultation 2 times from the advisor committee and we also took additional advices by e-mail. Results : 1. We divided the symptoms and signs of jing ji and zheng chong into 9 pattern identification. - heart deficiency with timidity(心膽虛怯), heart qi deficiency(心氣虛), heart blood deficiency(心血虛), heart yang inactivity(心陽不振), heart blood stasis(心血瘀阻), phlegm turbidity obstructing(痰濁阻滯), yin deficiency with effulgent fire(陰虛火旺), water qi intimidating the heart(水氣凌心), dual deficiency of the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛). 2. We got the mean weights that reflect standard deviation to each symptom of 9 pattern identification which had been scored on a 100-point scale. 3. We made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong. It was composed of 17 questions in question-and-answer form. Conclusions : Instrument of Pattern Identification for jing ji and zheng chong was developed through experts' disscussion. If the validity and reliability of this instrument is confirmed through additional clinical trial, the instrument of pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong is expected to be applied to the subsequent research.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pathological patterns and hyperventilation syndrome, using pathological pattern and Nijmegen questionnaires. Methods: 33 healthy adults were asked to complete the Cold-Heat-, Phlegm-, Yin deficiency, and Lao Juan (勞倦)-pattern questionnaires, the Chalder fatigue scale, and the Nijmegen questionnaire at Kyung Hee University Hospital. We performed Pearson correlation analyses between the pathological pattern questionnaires and the Nijmegen questionnaire. The questionnaires were composed of several factors. Therefore, each factor and Nijmegen questionnaire score were also analyzed. Results: All of the pattern questionnaire scores had a positive correlation with the Nijmegen questionnaire score. The phlegm pattern, in particular, and the LaoJuan (勞倦) questionnaire scores had high correlation coefficients. The coefficient for the phlegm pattern was 0.856 and the coefficient for the LaoJuan (勞倦) pattern questionnaire was 0.855. Conclusions: The results mean that the pathological pattern questionnaires could be one of the reference materials to evaluate hyperventilation syndrome. Furthermore, improvement of pathological patterns may be helpful for treating hyperventilation syndrome, together with conventional therapies including breathing training.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This survey was done in order to find out how Korean medical doctors derive pattern identification for acupuncture prescriptions in treating knee pain in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society from March 26th to April 14th in 2009. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results : 1.54 Korean medical doctors selected meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians(52.5%), visceral pattern identification(27.1%), pattern identification based on cause of disease(8.5%) as the most commonly used pattern identification methods for acupuncture prescription when treating knee pain patients in real clinical practice. 2. In meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians, liver meridian of the medial knee region(13.2%), bladder meridian of the posterior knee region(12.0%), spleen meridian of the lateral knee region(11.7%), stomach meridian of the anterior knee region(9.8%) and kidney meridian of the medial knee region(8.6%) were selected. 3. In visceral pattern identification, blood stasis of sinews due to liver and kidney deficiency(5.3%), damp joint with yang deficiency of liver and kidney(4.9%), kidney qi deficiency with congealing cold(4.5%), yin deficiency of liver and kidney(4.1%) were selected. Conclusions : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors answered that Meridian Pattern Identification based on the course of the meridians is the most often used diagnosis method. Visceral pattern identification, pattern identification based on cause of disease, pattern identification based on symptom and pattern identification based on qi-blood-yin-yang theory in order of frequency used, were selected for knee pain diagnosis in real clinical practice.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2010

Pulse diagnosis is considered one of the most important diagnostic methods in traditional Korean medicine. Nonetheless, there have been troubles of using pulse diagnosis practically, for the lack of its differential standards and standardized terminology. Rapid pulse belongs to the several traditional pulse types. Rapid pulse was first mentioned in the chinese medical book Haungdineijin that matched it to the fever as well as yang in the human body. Meanwhile, chinese doctors in Ming Ching dynasty of China suggested that rapid pulse meant more of the yin, cold-related reaction than yang and fever. In this study, we organized the past arguments of the rapid pulse and went back tracking what biological activities could be possibly linked to the rapid pulse. Thus, we figured out that the inflammatory mechanism has a close connection with the rapid pulse. The definition of the rapid pulse in Haungdineijin was indicating the acute inflammatory response, while in Ming Ching dynasty, it indicated the chronic inflammation. This is the deficiency-excess pattern of the rapid pulse. Furthermore, we discussed the nonexpression pattern of the rapid pulse which could be happened in case of the heat stroke, etc.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is development of questionnaire for pattern identification of infertility and analysis of infertility treatment trend in korean traditional medicine. Methods : Data was collected by survey papers from 19 professors of the society of korean obstetrics and gynecology. We surveyed on pattern identifications, symptoms and prescriptions of infertility treatment, diagnosis of ovulation and pregnancy, and duration of infertility treatment. Results : By analysis of survey papers, We choose Kidney yang deficiency, Kidney yin deficiency, Blood deficiency, Liver depression, Dampness-phlegm, Dampness-heat, Static blood pattern for infertility treatment. And 41 items of questionnaire were chosen. Conclusions : We developed the questionnaire for pattern identification of infertility. And further research is necessary for improvement reliabilities and validities of the questionnaire of infertility.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2009

Common cold occurs frequently and occupies an important position in medical treatment however obvious treatment is not suggested. There has been no agreement of pattern identification for common cold in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for common cold which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 9 oriental respiratory internal medicine professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 3 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument, and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the pattern identification of common cold into nine pattern: Wind-cold type, Wind-heat type, Contain summerheat type, Contain dampness type, Qi deficiency type, Blood deficiency type, Yang deficiency type, Yin deficiency type, Influenza. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of nine pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 9 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for common cold. It was composed self reporting questionnaire and researcher reporting questionnaire. Though this study is not proved about validity, reliability, the instrument of pattern identification for common cold is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.120-132
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• 2009

Objective : Yukmijihwang-tang is one of the important medicines for blood- deficiency and yin-deficiency. Atopic dermatitis usually shows dampness-heat pattern in its acute stage and blood-deficiency or yin-deficiency pattern in its chronic stage. Therefore, I hypothesized that Yukmijihwang-tang is effective on atopic dermatitis and investigated the effects of Yukmijihwang-tang on NC/Nga mice's atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB. Methods : The NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis were divided into four groups: three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups were respectively put on 2.5g(YM-2.5), 5g(YM-5) and 10g(YM-10) of Yukmijihwang-tang extract per their weight once a day for 10 days while the control group was fed normal saline. After 10 days, I measured TEWL(transepidermal water loss), observed scratching behaviors, conducted a skin biopsy and checked levels of Total IgE, IL-4 and $IFN-\gamma$ on NC/Nga mice. Results : 1. Yukmijihwang-tang significantly suppressed skin dryness. In particular, YM-5 and YM-10 had better skin hydration than YM-2.5. 2. Yukmijihwang-tang significantly suppressed pruritus while there was no significant difference among the experimental groups. 3. Yukmijihwang-tang retained skin structure(epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat). 4. Yukmijihwang-tang reduced Total IgE level while there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental groups. 5. Yukmijihwang-tang did not reduce IL-4(Th2 cytokine) level. 6. Yukmijihwang-tang significantly reduced $IFN-\gamma$(Th1 cytokine) level. In particular, YM-2.5 and YM-5 had lower $IFN-\gamma$ level than YM-10. Conclusion : The results suggest that Yukmijihwang-tang suppresses skin dryness and pruritus, retains skin structure and is effective on chronic atopic dermatitis which is associated with Th1 cytokines in the immune response.