• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.460-464
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to elucidate the proper split application method of nitrogen fertilizer for early dry seeding culture of rice in Honam plain area from 1997 to 1998 in Korea. Dongjinbyeo was selected as rice variety for this experiment. The rate of $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen was split as 40-30-30% of total nitrogen at three different application time combination ; T1) basal-5th leaf-panicle formation(PF) stage, T2) 3rd leaf-5th leaf-PF, and T3) 3rd leaf-7th leaf-PF. The content of $NH_4-N$ in soil at 5th leaf stage was higher in top dressing plots(T2, T3) compared with basal application(T1), at 7th leaf stage it was most in top dressed at 3rd leaf and 5th leaf stage, but there was no difference at heading stage. Amount of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency was higher in the order of T3, T2 and T1(basal application). Spikelet number per unit area was more in the order of T3, T2 and T1, but rate of ripened grain and 1,000 grain weight were not significantly different among three nitrogen split application methods. Milled rice yields were higher in top dressed plots compared with basal nitrogen application plots. From the results of this experiment, reasonable nitrogen split application method for early dry seeding culture of rice could be 40-30-30% of total nitrogen at 3rd leaf, 7th leaf and panicle formation stage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.64 no.6
• /
• pp.950-956
• /
• 2021

Objective : Psoas and masseter muscles are known markers of sarcopenia. However, the relative superiority of either muscle as a marker is unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed the two muscles in patients with a prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods : Patients with TBI visiting a regional trauma center between January 2017 and December 2018 were selected, and their medical records were reviewed. TBI patients with an abbreviated injury score (AIS) of 4 or 5 were selected. Patients with an AIS of 4 or 5 at the chest, abdomen, and extremity were excluded. Patients with a hospital stay of 1 to 2 days were excluded. Both muscle areas were measured based on the initial computed tomography. The psoas muscle index (PMI) and the masseter muscle index (MMI) were calculated by dividing both muscle areas by height in meters squared (cm²/m²). These muscle parameters along with other medical information were used to analyze mortality and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Results : A total of 179 patients, including 147 males (82.1%), were analyzed statistically. The mean patient age was 58.0 years. The mortality rate was 16.8% (30 patients). The mean GOS score was 3.7. Analysis was performed to identify the parameters associated with mortality, which was a qualitative study outcome. The psoas muscle area (16.9 vs. 14.4 cm², p=0.028) and PMI (5.9 vs. 5.1 cm²/m², p=0.004) showed statistical differences between the groups. The PMI was also statistically significant as a risk factor for mortality in logistic regression analysis (p=0.023; odds ratio, 0.715; 95% confidence interval, 0.535-0.954). Quantitative analyses were performed with the GOS scores. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between PMI and GOS scores (correlation coefficient, 0.168; p=0.003). PMI (p=0.004, variation inflation factor 1.001) was significant in multiple regression analysis. The masseter muscle area and MMI did not show significance in the study. Conclusion : Larger PMI was associated with statistically significant improved survival and GOS scores, indicating its performance as a superior prognostic marker. Further analyses involving a larger number of patients, additional parameters, and more precise settings would yield a better understanding of sarcopenia and TBI.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2020

Plant growth-promoting microorganisms promote plant growth by supplying nutrients to roots and interacting with the intrinsic factors in plants through volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we evaluated the effect of UOS, plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) isolated from previous study, on the growth of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Xanthi nc. Phylogenetic analysis and GC-MS were used to identify the fungal species and the VOCs emitted by the UOS, respectively. The fresh weight of UOS-treated Nicotiana tabacum L. was 3.8 and 4.2-fold higher than that of the control groups grown in vertical and I-plates, respectively. Moreover, in the UOS-treated plants, the length of the primary root was half and the number of lateral roots were twice compared to those in control plants. The UOS was identified as Phoma sp. by studying spore and mycelial morphology and using phylogenetic analysis. GC-MS revealed that the VOC emitted by the UOS was hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3). These results suggest that the UOS of Phoma sp. influences plant growth and root development through D3. We expect this UOS and its VOC, D3 to be utilized in the future to increase growth and enhance yield for other plants.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide Golden Rice, modified vitamin A at large scale GMO field. Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) plants will be required the assessment of risks associated with the release of GM plants that should include a detailed risk assessment of their impacts in the environment and human health. Prior to GM plant release, applicants should provide the information on GM crops for approval. A total of $4,700m^2$ GM field, each of Golden Rice and 'Nakdong' were used for further analysis on agronomic traits and pathogenesis. Generally plant growth and panicle number in the transgenic lines were lower than in the wild type under field condition. The major agronomic traits such as plant growth, grain quality in Golden Rice were similar than in 'Nakdong'. The yield difference was due to reduced ripened rate and the 1,000 grain weight. The grain shape was similar donor plant, however, color of brown rice was different from segregation. Also the difference of pathogenesis reaction was not significant in the leaf blast and sheath blight between Golden Rice and 'Nakdong'. These results provided the agronomic data and pathogenesis for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.276-279
• /
• 2010

A new standard rose cultivar 'Snow Ball' was bred by the cross between the red standard cultivar 'Red Sandra' and the scarlet standard cultivar 'Baroness' at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, in Suwon. The cross was made in 1998 and 'Snow Ball' was finally selected in 2003 after investigating the characteristics for three years from 2001 to 2003. 'Snow Ball', a white standard cultivar grows vigorously and has good flower shape. The major characteristics of this cultivar are $90.3stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 57.8 cm in length of cut flower, 6.1 cm in flower diameter, 85.7 in petal number, and 15.0 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Tineke'.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.63 no.4
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2018

Cultivation techniques of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), such as sowing, weeding, and harvesting, are often not properly utilized, resulting in low productivity rates. The goal of this study was to develop cultivation techniques to increase millet productivity rates and reduce labor inputs. We evaluated the effects of different machine sowing methods compared with manual sowing methods from 2014 to 2016. The three machine sowing methods were dibbling, drilling, and broadcasting. Compared with manual sowing, the broadcasting method decreased labor times by 16.07 and $14.23hr10a^{-1}$ for proso and foxtail millets, respectively. Proso millet showed greater culm lengths at 138 and 125 cm with the broadcasting method for two years, whereas foxtail millet after three years had greater culm lengths from both the drilling and broadcasting methods. Both crops exhibited the thickest culm stems in the $3^{rd}$ year. The greatest number of seeds of the panicle were from the manual sowing method in both crops. Compared with manual sowing, broadcasting increased grain yields by 15-35% and 9.1-28% for proso and foxtail millets, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the application of broadcasting in mechanical sowing will increase labor efficiency and yields of proso and foxtail millets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2019

Over the past decade, the development of the Web explosively increased the data. Feature selection step is an important step in extracting valuable data from a large amount of data. This study proposes a novel opinion mining model based on combining feature selection (FS) methods with Word embedding to vector (Word2vec) and BOW (Bag-of-words). FS methods adopted for this study are CFS (Correlation based FS) and IG (Information Gain). To select an optimal FS method, a number of classifiers ranging from LR (logistic regression), NN (neural network), NBN (naive Bayesian network) to RF (random forest), RS (random subspace), ST (stacking). Empirical results with electronics and kitchen datasets showed that LR and ST classifiers combined with IG applied to BOW features yield best performance in opinion mining. Results with laptop and restaurant datasets revealed that the RF classifier using IG applied to Word2vec features represents best performance in opinion mining.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2019

The study was conducted to compare the chemical properties and microbial activity of soil and the crop productivity by applying homemade liquid fertilizers (LF) used in leading cucumber farms as well as to evaluate the eco-friendly LFs to substitute for a chemical fertilizer. Three homemade LFs, EM, starfish, and native microbes, and a chemical LF were regularly fertigated per three days during the growing season. Chemical LF contained the highest pH, EC (electrical conductivity), and concentrations of T-N, $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg, while the lowest EC level was observed for EM LF. Soil EC was the highest to the 3.0 dS/m for chemical LF-plots, with lowering soil pH, OM (organic matter), and Mg concentration. Soil chemical properties mostly increased in native microbes LF-plots. However, soil microbial properties were not significantly different among the LF treatment plots. OTU (operational taxonomic units), richness estimator, and diversity index of bacteria and fungi increased in the chemical LF and EM LF based on the pyrosequencing analysis. SPAD and PS II values on the treated-cucumber leaves were seasonally decreased from 32 to 60 days after transplanting, with the rapid decline observed at 45 days after transplanting. Number of leaves and crop height increased in the treatments with EM and native microbes LF. LF treated-cucumber crops were not significantly different for total fresh weight and fruit yield.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.29-49
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study was a methodological study to verify the reliability and validity and to make a diagnosis of a diagnostic tool for climacteric and postmenopausal syndrome pattern identification (CaPSPI). Methods: This study was conducted from June 1, 2018 to October 18, 2018 with ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$ University Korean Medicine Hospital IRB's approval (2018-3). To make a diagnosis using CaPSPI, we decided the cut-points for the tool. Three professors of ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$Korean Medical University conducted pattern identification diagnosis. The result is marked from 0 to 3, 0 is 'No', 1 is 'Slightly Yes', 2 is 'Yes' and 3 is 'Very Yes'. And if two or more professors' diagnoses are the same, we took the diagnoses as a diagnostic criteria. The decision of pattern by three experts converted to 0-1 scores in two ways. In "method 1", if the diagnosis was zero points, the score was 0 (have no such identification), and the rest was 1 (have such identification). In "method 2", if the diagnosis was zero or 1 point, the score was 0, and the rest was 1. After that, intraclass correlation was calculated for experts agreement. And logistic regression was conducted. A response variable was the results of the experts' diagnosis and an explanatory variable was the results of the pattern identification diagnostic tool. Results: The diagnosis of the three experts showed excellent concordance of more than 0.794 and showed a significant correlation with the diagnostic tool. Both 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' showed statistically significant effects with the diagnosis of 3 experts and the results of the diagnostic tool. The frequency of cumulative pattern identification diagnosis in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 578 occasions and 203 occasions, respectively. The average number of pattern held by participants in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 5.26 and 1.85, respectively. In both "Method 1" and "Method 2," the yield frequency of liver qi depression was the highest, and the frequency of kidney yin deficiency and liver-kidney yin deficiency was relatively high. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is thought that, in diagnosis using CaPSPI of menopausal women, 'method 1' could be used for the health diagnosis and prevention, 'method 2' could be used for the pattern diagnosis. On the conclusion, CaPSPI is thought to be available for pattern diagnosis of menopause women.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2021

Growth and fruit characteristics of 'Duke' highbush blueberry by mixture of different organic matters in soil were investigated. The soil acidity was 4.2 to 4.8, sawdust treatment was the highest, and peat soil and peatmoss treatments were similar. The organic matter content of the soil was 2.5% for sawdust and 4.1% for soil with peatmoss and peat soil. The soil hardness of all treatment was found to be about 1 ~ 5 kgf cm^-2 which was suitable for growing crops. The number of suckers and main stems were high in the order of peat soil, peatmoss, sawdust treatment. In addition, the blueberry plants in the peatmoss and peat soil treatments had thicker and longer suckers and more shoots than those in the sawdust treatment. Among the characteristics of fruit, there was no statistical difference between the organic materials treatment in weight, diameter, length, and hardness of fruit. However, the total soluble solid and fruit yield were high in the order of peat soil, peatmoss, sawdust treatment. Therefore, as a result of comprehensively reviewing the characteristics of growth and fruits according to the soil environment, it was determined that peatmoss could be replaced with peat soil for stable production in domestic blueberry cultivation.