• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 1995

The authentic hGH converted from met-hGH by immobilized ApM was purified by successive chromatographic processes based on the differences in isoelectric points, hydrophobicities and charges. The final recovery yield was about 14.1% and the specific activity of the purified hGH was 2.75IU per mg when assayed by enzyme immunoassay. The purified hGH was verified to be authentic hGH through the analysis of amino acid composition, amino-terminal amino acid sequence, carboxy-terminal amino acid and tryptic peptide map. The purity of purified hGH was higher than that of commercial hGH when assessed by SDS-PAGE, PAGE, IEF and HSGF. In weight-gain assay and tibia test with hypophysectomized rats, the hGH produced in this study showed the same growth effect as the commercial hGH.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 1972

Through the series of study on the above subjects, the following were founded. 1. Soluble silica in paddy top-soil (xppm) and maxium possible yield (y) is expressed as following equatic $y=63.97+0.425x-0.00114x^2$ It is known that soluble silica in paddy top-soil in South Korea is limited as 130ppm. 2. Gnder the present Korean condition 90% of paddy-top-soil is estimated to be short in available silica content and the country average to only 78ppm. 3. The total area of Korean paddy-top-soil is about 1,036,710 ha. All requirements of wollastonite in South Korea estimated from the equation $Y=0.94-0.033{\times}$are about 2 million M/T 4. Silicates fertilizer minerals are Bentonite, Zeolite, Wollastonite, Serpentine, and Chlorite. But Wollastonite is most economic and can be supplied to using Korea. 5. Wollastonite is formed in contact metomorphic deposits. Limestone is the country rock of wollastonite. Limestone in Korea is in Ryunchcon system, (Pre-cambrian) Okcheon system, (unknown), Great limestone series (paleozoic), Hongjum series (Paleozoic) and Kyungsang system (mesozoic) so that the zones of these limestone and igneous rock are the possible area which wollastonite can be produced. 6. According to the published geologic map (scale 1/5000), about 25 provinces will be possible area which wollastonite can be produced. In future, I believe that many possible area will be increased. 7. According to this survey at Danyang, total wollastonite resources are about 179,000 M/T and average of soluble $SiO_2$ is 29.84%. 8. According to this survey at Daijeon, total resources are about 57,600 M/T and average of soluble $SiO_2$ is 21.53%. 9. Total wollastonite resources including Danyang, Yangduk, and Daijeon are about 1,172,200 M/T. Considering possible resources, it will be over 20 million M/T and I can say that it is possible to be supply for a score.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2010

Switching an elementary excitation by injecting a single carrier would offer the exciting opportunity for the ultra-high data storage technologies. However, there has been no methodology available to investigate the interaction of low energy discrete carriers with nano-structures. In order to map out the spatial dependency of such single carrier level interactions, we developed a pulse-and-probe algorithm, combining with low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The new tool, which we call single carrier spectroscopy, allows us to track the interaction with the target macrostructure with tunneling carriers on a single carrier basis. Using this tool, we demonstrate that it is possible not only to locally write and erase individual bi-solitons, reliably and reversibly, but also to track of creation yields of single and multiple bi-solitons. Bi-solitons are pairs of solitons that are elementary out-of-phase excitations on anti-ferromagnetically ordered pseudo-spin system of Si dimers on Si(001)-c(42) surfaces. We found that at low energy tunneling the single bisoliton creation mechanism is not correlated with the number of carriers tunneling, but with the production of a potential hole under the tip. An electric field at the surface determines the density of the local charge density under the tip, and band-bending. However a rapid, dynamic change of a field produces a potential hole that can be filled by energetic carriers, and the amount of energy released during filling process is responsible for the creation of bi-solitons. Our model based on the field-induced local hole gives excellent explanation for bi-soliton yield behaviors. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy data supports the existence of such a potential hole. The mechanism also explains the site-dependency of bi-soliton yields, which is highest at the trough, not on the dimer rows. Our study demonstrates that we can manipulate not just single atoms and molecules, but also single pseudo-spin excitations as well.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 1994

In spatial information processing, particularly in non-renewable resource exploration, the spatial data sets, including remote sensing, geophysical and geochemical data, have to be geocoded onto a reference map and integrated for the final analysis and interpretation. Application of a computer based GIS(Geographical Information System of Geological Information System) at some point of the spatial data integration/fusion processing is now a logical and essential step. It should, however, be pointed out that the basic concepts of the GIS based spatial data fusion were developed with insufficient mathematical understanding of spatial characteristics or quantitative modeling framwork of the data. Furthermore many remote sensing and geological data sets, available for many exploration projects, are spatially incomplete in coverage and interduce spatially uneven information distribution. In addition, spectral information of many spatial data sets is often imprecise due to digital rescaling. Direct applications of GIS systems to spatial data fusion can therefore result in seriously erroneous final results. To resolve this problem, some of the important mathematical information representation techniques are briefly reviewed and discussed in this paper with condideration of spatial and spectral characteristics of the common remote sensing and exploration data. They include the basic probabilistic approach, the evidential belief function approach (Dempster-Shafer method) and the fuzzy logic approach. Even though the basic concepts of these three approaches are different, proper application of the techniques and careful interpretation of the final results are expected to yield acceptable conclusions in cach case. Actual tests with real data (Moon, 1990a; An etal., 1991, 1992, 1993) have shown that implementation and application of the methods discussed in this paper consistently provide more accurate final results than most direct applications of GIS techniques.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

This study aims to evaluate the effect of shortened final cutting age by estimating future $CO_2$ absorption in each different scenarios based on each final cutting ages before and after shortening. We used $5^{th}$ Forest Type Map and Forest Yield Table to obtain information to estimate $CO_2$ absorption of forest. We also designed a simulated future scenarios from 2010 to 2100 which repeats cutting and reforestation according to respected each final cutting ages. As the result, number of cuttings and total amount of $CO_2$ absorption of forest were increased with shortened final ages. Total cutting times increased up to 2 in both minimum and maximum amount for Quescus spp. and Larix kaempferi. Maximum number of cutting of Pinus densiflora and minimum number of Pinus koraiensis increased by 1. Total $CO_2$ absorption increased 12％ for Quercus spp. which had the largest number of increase in cutting times, while total $CO_2$ absorption of Pinus koraiensis only increased by 1％. The result could be used to evaluate the changes in forest management plans and policies and then develop optimal final age for efficient sustainable forest management plans.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2022

Crop classification is very important for estimating crop yield and figuring out accurate cultivation area. The purpose of this study is to classify crops harvested in fall in Idam-ri, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and support vector machine (SVM) model. The study proceeded in the order of image acquisition, variable extraction, model building, and evaluation. First, RGB and multispectral image were acquired on September 13, 2021. Independent variables which were applied to Farm-Map, consisted gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based texture characteristics by using RGB images, and multispectral reflectance data. The crop classification model was built using texture characteristics and reflectance data, and finally, accuracy evaluation was performed using the error matrix. As a result of the study, the classification model consisted of four types to compare the classification accuracy according to the combination of independent variables. The result of four types of model analysis, recursive feature elimination (RFE) model showed the highest accuracy with an overall accuracy (OA) of 88.64%, Kappa coefficient of 0.84. UAV-based RGB and multispectral images effectively classified cabbage, rice and soybean when the SVM model was applied. The results of this study provided capacity usefully in classifying crops using single-period images. These technologies are expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of crop cultivation area surveys by supplementing additional data learning, and to provide basic data for estimating crop yields.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6B
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• pp.533-540
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• 2010

Recently management of vegetation distributed in the watercourse is very important not only for safety but also for river restoration. In general, vegetations in the watercourse increase hydraulic resistance and accordingly decrease conveyance capacity which may yield levee overflow. This paper simulates water level rise using 1D and 2D hydro dynamic model to check the possibility of overflow in downstream of the Soyang Reservoir by assigning different roughness coefficient corresponding to different types of vegetation. In this study, 3 different vegetation types of tree, shrub, and main channel were considered and corresponding Manning's roughness coefficient n was assigned based on the vegetation map generated from the site investigation. As results, the water level raised about 0.1 to 0.7 m comparing with the case without considering vegetation and a proper measurements is necessary where overflow occurs due to low level levee.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.272-286
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• 2019

Developing elite hybrid rice varieties is one important objective of rice breeding programs. Several genes related to male sterilities, restores, and pollinators have been identified through map-based gene cloning within natural variations of rice. These identified genes are good targets for introducing genetic traits in molecular breeding. This study was conducted to breed elite hybrid lines with major genes related to hybrid traits and disease/insect resistance in 240 genetic resources and F₁ hybrid combinations of rice. Molecular markers were reset for three major hybrid genes (S5, Rf3, Rf4) and thirteen disease/insect resistant genes (rice bacterial blight resistance genes Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13, Xa21; blast resistance genes Pita, Pib, Pi5, Pii; brown planthopper resistant genes Bph18(t) and tungro virus resistance gene tsv1). Genotypes were then analyzed using molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). Biological assay was then performed at the Red River Delta region in Vietnam using eleven F₁ hybrid combinations and two control vatieties. Results showed that nine F₁ hybrid combinations were highly resistant to rice bacterial blight and blast. Finally, eight F₁ hybrid rice varieties with resistance to disease/insect were selected from eleven F₁ hybrid combinations. Their characteristics such as agricultural traits and yields were then investigated. These F₁ hybrid rice varieties developed with major genes related to hybrid traits and disease/insect resistant genes could be useful for hybrid breeding programs to achieve high yield with biotic and abiotic resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2022

Rice bakanae disease is a serious global threat in major rice-cultivating regions worldwide causing high yield loss. It is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi. Varying degree of resistance or susceptibility to bakanae disease had been reported among Korean japonica rice varieties. We developed a modified in vitro bakanae disease bioassay method and tested 31 Korean japonica rice varieties. Nampyeong and Samgwang varieties showed highest resistance while 14 varieties including Junam and Hopum were highly susceptible with 100% mortality rate. We carried out mapping QTLs for bakanae disease resistance with four F2:F3 populations derived from the crosses between Korean japonica rice varieties. The Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers developed in our laboratory based on the SNPs detected in Korean japonica rice varieties were used in genotyping F2 plants in the populations. We found four major QTLs on chromosome 1, 4, 6, and 9 with LOD scores of 21.4, 6.9, 6.0, and 60.3, respectively. In addition, we are doing map-based cloning of the QTLs on chromosome 1 and 9 which were found with Junam/Nampyeong F2:F3 population and Junam/Samgwang F2:F3 population, respectively. These QTLs will be very useful in developing bakanae disease resistant high quality rice varieties.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.456-477
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• 2024

With information technology's rapid development, the Internet faces serious security problems. Studies have shown that malware has become a primary means of attacking the Internet. Therefore, adversarial samples have become a vital breakthrough point for studying malware. By studying adversarial samples, we can gain insights into the behavior and characteristics of malware, evaluate the performance of existing detectors in the face of deceptive samples, and help to discover vulnerabilities and improve detection methods for better performance. However, existing adversarial sample generation methods still need help regarding escape effectiveness and mobility. For instance, researchers have attempted to incorporate perturbation methods like Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), and others into adversarial samples to obfuscate detectors. However, these methods are only effective in specific environments and yield limited evasion effectiveness. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a malware adversarial sample generation method (PixGAN) based on the pixel attention mechanism, which aims to improve adversarial samples' escape effect and mobility. The method transforms malware into grey-scale images and introduces the pixel attention mechanism in the Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) model to weigh the critical pixels in the grey-scale map, which improves the modeling ability of the generator and discriminator, thus enhancing the escape effect and mobility of the adversarial samples. The escape rate (ASR) is used as an evaluation index of the quality of the adversarial samples. The experimental results show that the adversarial samples generated by PixGAN achieve escape rates of 97%, 94%, 35%, 39%, and 43% on the Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network (CNN_RNN), and Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory (CNN_LSTM) algorithmic detectors, respectively.