• Title/Summary/Keyword: yield conditions

Search Result 3,129, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Purification and Characterization of the Gelatin from the Bone of Cod, Gadus macrocephalus (대구뼈로부터 젤라틴의 추출정제와 특성)

  • Kim, Se-Kwon;Jeon, You-Jin;Lee, Byoung-jo;Lee, Chang-Kook
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.14-26
    • /
    • 1996
  • In order to effectively utilize fish(Cod, Gadus macrocephalus) bone obtained as fish waste in fish manufactory, the preparation of the fish bone gelatin were attempted by heat extracting method from collagen protein contained in the fish bone. The methods of two kinds pretreatments (the B-type by alkali pretreatment and the E-type by enzyme pretreatment) for fish bone and the optimal extraction conditions to prepare gelatin from pretreated fish bone were investigated. Physical properties and functionalities of the two type fish bone gelatins obtained were compared with the commercial gelatin and the fish skin gelatin. The optimal extraction conditions of the B-type and the E-type gelatins were 5 folds of added water with material(w/w), pH 5.0, 3 hrs of extraction time and 60$\circ$C of extraction temperature. The yield of the B-type and the E-type gelatins were 32.6% and 28.1 %, respectively. The B-type gelatin was superior to the E-type un all physical properties. Molecular weight of the B-type was larger than that of the E-type due to its pretreatment method. Among the composition of amino acids, the amino acids such as glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and imino acids(proline and hydroxyproline) were responsible for 68$\sim$70% of the total amino acids. Functionalities of the fish bone gelatin were almost similar to commercial gelatin.

  • PDF

Preparation of Iodine Compound Using Trifluoromethane (트리플루오르메탄을 이용한 요오드화합물의 제조)

  • Choi, Woo-Jin;Ahn, Sung-Hwan;Jang, Young-Jun;Kim, Kyu-Sung;Kim, Myung-Soo;Park, Hong-Soo;Hahm, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.359-363
    • /
    • 2004
  • Reaction conditions and catalysts were investigated for direct $CF_3I$ synthesis. Optimum reaction temperature was determined by pyrolysis of $CF_3H$ and catalytic reactions. Reactions with changing oxygen concentration were performed. As a result, yield of $CF_3I$ increased with decreasing oxygen concentration. Catalytic activity was changed with the weight ratio of the used metal salts. This result was stemmed from the change in the pore size of activated carbon by the metal salts. The optimum reaction conditions were: $600^{\circ}C$, space velocity of $45hr^{-1}$, and with 7wt% KF/AC catalyst.

Optimization of Enzymatic Pretreatment for the Production of Fermented Ginseng using Leaves, Stems and Roots of Ginseng

  • Cho, Kyung-Lae;Woo, Hye-Jin;Lee, In-Sook;Lee, Jun-Won;Cho, Young-Cheol;Lee, Il-Nam;Chae, Hee-Jeong
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.34 no.1
    • /
    • pp.68-75
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study sought to optimize the extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of Panax ginseng leaves, stems, and roots for the production of fermented ginseng. The optimization enhanced the extraction of total saccharide, a nutrient and growth-activating factor for Lactobacillus bacteria. The hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems, and roots was tested with eight enzymes (Pentopan, Promozyme, Celluclast, Ultraflo, Pectinex, Ceremix, Viscozyme, and Tunicase). The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were statistically optimized by the experimental design. Optimal particle size of ginseng raw material was <0.15 mm, and optimal hydrolysis occurred at a pH of 5.0-5.5, a reaction temperature of 55-$60^{\circ}C$, a Ceremix concentration of 1%, and a reaction time of 2 hr. Ceremix produced the highest dry matter yield and total saccharide extraction. Ginseng leaves were found to be the most suitable raw material for the production of fermented ginseng because they have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin contents than ginseng roots.

Isomalto-oligosaccharide Production from Maltose by Intact Cells of Aureobasidium pullulaans (Aureobasidium pullulaans를 이용한 Maltose로부터 Isomalto-oligosaccharides의 생산)

  • 윤종원;노지선송주연송승구
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.122-126
    • /
    • 1994
  • A new method for the production of isomalto-oligosaccharides from maltose was investigated using intact cells of Aureobasidium pullulaans which had been known to produce fructo-oligosaccharides. The cells showed transglucosylation activity producing isomalto-oligosaccharides at high concentrations of maltose, while they showed a hydrolytic activity at low concentrations of substrate when cultivated at $25^{\circ}C$. The optimum reaction conditions for the isomalto-oligosaccharide production were as follows: substrate concentration, 500g/l maltose; pH, 4.5; temperature, $65^{\circ}C$; cell dosage, 10 unit per gram substrate. Under optimized conditions, the maximum yield of isomalto-oligosaccharides achieved was around 48% (w/w). At the early period of reaction, panose was selectively produced from maltose, and thereafter isomaltotriose was synthesized by utilizing panose as a substrate when maltose consumption was discontinued.

  • PDF

Production of Chiral Styrene Oxide by Microbial Enantioselective Hydrolysis Reaction (미생물 입체선택성 가수분해 반응을 이용한 광학활성 Styrene Oxide 생산)

  • 윤성준;이은열
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.15 no.6
    • /
    • pp.630-634
    • /
    • 2000
  • Chiral epoxides are useful chiral synthons in organic synthesis, and various biological methods have been investigated for their production. In this work, the enantioselective resolution of racemic styrene oxide was investigated using Aspergillus niger sp. for the production of optically pure (S)-styrene oxide. The enantioselectivity and initial hydrolysis rates of the racemic substrate were highly dependent of the pH, temperature, and the volume ratio of cosolvent. Experimental sets of pH, temperature, and the volume ratio of cosolvent were investigated using a central composite experimental design, and reaction conditions were optimized by response surface analysis. The optimal conditions of pH, temperature, and the volume ratio of cosolvent were determined to be 7.78, $28.32^{\circ}C$, and 2.4%(v/v), respectively, and optically pure (S)-styrene oxide (>99% ee) was obtained at 35% yield using this microbial enantioselective hydrolysis reaction.

  • PDF

Characteristics of Elsholtzia splendens Extracts on Simultaneous Steam Distillation Extraction Conditions (수증기증류조건에 따른 꽃향유 추출물의 품질특성)

  • Youn, Kwang-Sup;Hong, Joo-Heon;Choi, Yong-Hee
    • Food Science and Preservation
    • /
    • v.13 no.5
    • /
    • pp.623-628
    • /
    • 2006
  • This study was performed to develop extract materials from Elsholtzia splendens by analyzing the functionality and aroma profile by the simultaneous steam distillation extraction. The qualities of extracts such as total yield, total phenolic compound and electron donation ability were affected by extraction temperature than time. The main flavor compounds were analyzed as estragole, thymol and beta-caryophyllene. The response variables had significant with extraction temperature than tim. The established model was suitable to predict calculated value in experimental ranges. The optimum extinction conditions, which were limited of maximum value for dependent variables were $108^{\circ}C$ and 2.1 hr in the simultaneous steam distillation extraction method.

An Evaluation of Cooling of Core Debris and Impact on Containment Transient Pressure under Severe Accident Conditions (극심한 사고시 노심 냉각 및 격납용기 과도압력에 미치는 영향)

  • Jong In Lee;Jin Soo Kim;Byung Hun Lee
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.15 no.4
    • /
    • pp.256-266
    • /
    • 1983
  • An evaluation of containment transient pressure due to the particulate debris/water/concrete interaction under severe accident conditions is presented for a pressurized water reactor with a large dry containment building. A particulate debris/water/concrete model is developed and incorporated into the MARCH computer code. Comparisons with the existing MARCH molten debris/concrete model were performed for the TMLB' and S$_2$D sequences. The results yield a much slower concrete decomposition rate and release less gases into the containment atmosphere. Contrary to the molten debris model, the particulate debris model exhibits a strong interaction with water and causes a higher containment pressure. The effect of gas influx on the debris bed heat transfer was found to be insignificant.

  • PDF

A study on the fracture behavior of mild steel plate evaluated in the light of Taylor's work hardening theory (Taylor의 加工硬化理論의 입장에서 評價한 軟鋼薄板材의 破壞擧動에 관한 硏究)

  • 손세원;김상철
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
    • /
    • v.12 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1335-1342
    • /
    • 1988
  • In this paper, mechanical properties of mild steel plate which was pretreated by prestress and prestrain loading conditions were studied. The variation of the mechanical properties of the test materials is evaluated in the light of Taylor's work hardening theory. Through this experimental study, it is recognized that material showed unstable phenomena after cyclic loading and it will recover its stability after a certain period of time accompaning the increment of hardness and the yield strength of the material. Also, the strength of smooth specimen, the notch strength of notch specimen and propagation behavior of fatigue specimen which were subjected to prestress and prestrain reveal that the optimal conditions may occur in the first, the middle and the later half of stage II of Taylor's work hardening theory, respectively.

A Study on the Dynamic Stability of Heavy Press Considering Rotational Speed (회전 속도를 고려한 대형 프레스의 동적 안정성에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Min Jae;Kim, Chae Sil;Keum, Chang Min;Kim, Jae Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
    • /
    • v.33 no.8
    • /
    • pp.623-628
    • /
    • 2016
  • This article describes the determination of the dynamic stability for a heavy press, particularly considering rotational speed. A finite element model of the driving parts for the heavy press was generated. We also applied boundary conditions and dynamic loads considering the driving conditions. Modal analysis was conducted using the finite element construction model. Therefore, no resonance was identified with the comparison between the results of the modal analysis and vibration excitation frequency by the gear tooth. In addition, the stress distribution of the driving parts for press was determined using transient analysis. As compared to the yield strength of the material, the dynamic stability the heavy press was confirmed.

Isolation of Bacillus sp. Producing Multi-enzyme and Optimization of Medium Conditions for Its Production Using Feedstuffs for Probiotics (Probiotics용 복합효소 분비 Bacillus sp.의 분리 및 원료사료를 이용한 균주 생산을 위한 배지 조건의 최적화)

  • 양시용;송민동;김언현;김창원
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.110-114
    • /
    • 2001
  • Isolation of BacilLus sp. producing multi-enzyme and optimization of medium conditions for its production using feedstuffs for probiotics were carried out in this study. A bacterium isolated from natural resources, namely Bacillus subtilis 4-3, has multi-enzyme activity (phytase. cellulase, xylanasc, protease, and amylase. In the culture of B. subtilis 4-3 using soybean meal and rice bran. relatively low phytate degradation was noted using whereas high phytate degradability was observed with wheat bran (80.63%). The optimal composition of medium using feedstuffs was 1.0% (w/v) soybean meal and 2% (w/v) molasses to yield high cell growth.

  • PDF