• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.328-338
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• 2003

The purpose of his study was to investigate the perceptions and preferences of college students to Korean traditional cookies. Self administered questionaires were collected from 512 college students in the Seoul, Kyunggi, Chungchung, Kyungsang, Junla and Gangwondo areas. The data were statistically analysed using t-tests, one-way ANOVA and their correlation. The recognition of Korean traditional cookie was generally low with the exception of these items as either a seasonable or festive food. There were significant differences in the mean recognition and preference values for each kind of Korean traditional cookie between the major subject studied, gender and subject grade. (Eds note: how were the mean values different for the 3 specified variables\ulcorner) The preference of some Korean cookies was relatively higher than estimated, (Eds note: how was the original estimate arrived at\ulcorner) such as Yugwa, Gangjeong, Han-gwa, Hobak-yeot, Ddangkong-yeot-gangjeong and Ssal-yeot-gangjeong. However, it is impossible to discriminate low preference, as over 80% of the low preference values had not been completed on the questionnaires.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.588-597
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• 2012

This study was to examine Kwa-Jung-ryu, a traditional Korean confectionery, made by head families. We examined the materials and recipes of Kwa-Jung-ryu, which were classified into Yumilgwa, Yugwa, Jeonggwa, Dasikgwa, Yeot-Gangjeong, Dang (Yeot), and others. There were 13 head families that introduced Kwa-Jung-ryu, two each from Gyeonggi-do, Jeolla-do, and Chuncheong-do, and seven from Gyeongsang-do. There are 33 types of Kwa-Jung-ryu, which averages to about 2.5 types per family. But the Pungsan Ryu, Yeoju Lee, and Andong Kwon families introduced the most Kwa-Jung-ryu with 5 types each. The most popular types of Kwa-Jung-ryu were Yumilgwa, introduced by 7 families (Yakgwa by 6 and Maejakgwa by 1), then Jeonggwa by 6 families (Jeonggwa by 3, Pyeon-gang by 1, and Jeonggwa and Pyeon-gang by 2), and Dasikgwa and other Kwa-Jung-ryu by 5 families (Gotgam-mari by 4 and Seopsansam by 1). Classifying Kwa-Jung-ryu by recipe, the most frequently introduced were 8 types of Jeonggwa-ryu, 7 types of Yumilgwa, 5 types of Dasikgwa, 3 types of Yeot-Gangjeong and Dang (Yeot), and 2 types of Yugwa.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2022

To test bee pollen as an ingredient for heat-processed foods, bee pollen was puffed under heat at various pressures and examined for its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. As the puffing intensity increased, the browning index, total reducing capacity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the bee pollen increased significantly (p<0.001). This was attributed to the formation of Maillard reaction products during the puffing process. The wheat flour-puff yeot-gangjeong added with puffed bee pollen showed significantly (p<0.01) higher antioxidant activities than its counterpart with raw bee pollen. In addition, the gangjeong retained the physicochemical characteristics of the puffed bee pollen such as color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH. The results showed that the puffed bee pollen could potentially be used as an ingredient in thermally processed foods and retain its superior antioxidant properties.