• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect the water content in coir substrates as according to growth stage on the growth and yield of mini-paprika of three varieties 'E 499524' (red color), 'E 499526' (yellow colar) and 'E 499531' (orange colar) in summer hydroponics. Treatments of I, II and III were composed of 55-65-60, 50-60-55 and 45-55-50% in water contents of growth stages, respectively. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors were used in a drip irrigation system. The early growth of mini-paprika was increased by high medium water content of treatment I in all of three varieties. Mean fruit weight was not affected by medium water content, but the fruit number per plant and yield were increased at high medium water content of treatment I. The Yield of treatment I was higher than that of treatment II and III in all of three varieties. The sugar content was increased by low medium water content of treatment in all of three varieties. The incidence of brown-stem fruit, blossom-end rot and sunburn was decreased with increasing water content of medium. Occurred in the low water content of medium. Mineral contents of fruits such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) etc. were not affected in all of three varieties.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2008

Powdery mildew of Paprika caused by Leveillula taurica has been a serious problem in greenhouse. It is an unusual endophytic powdery mildew because the mycelia grow inside the leaf, such that the pale yellow lesions on adaxial surfaces appear first and the white powdery lesion/signs develop later on the corresponding to the spots of the abaxial leaf surface, where the conidiophores are typically emerge through the stomatal opening. Although one foliar application of cooking oil and yolk mixture(COY) to the foliage was not practically effective enough, two or three, weekly application of COY to the foliage at either 0.3 or 0.5% concentration resulted in excellent control against powdery mildew with disease index less/lower than 1, respectively. This treatment could provide protection for three weeks, which, we believe, is not only cost-effective, but also environment-friendly. Powdery mildew fungus was affected by COY treatment quickly which is recognizable in three days. Net photosynthesis and evapotranspiration was remarkably reduced by powdery mildew infection compared to healthy leaves, suggesting that prevention and early protection is the most critical strategy for peak paprika fruit yield. Moreover, COY treatment did not adversely affect the photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of foliages.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.564-569
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• 2011

This study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed various carotenoids, L-ascorbic acid, and tocopherol and their anti-oxidant properties from four varieties (Special, Chelsea, Cupra, and Fiesta) and three different color stages [green (GP), yellow (YP) and red (RP)] of paprika harvested in Korea. Seven carotenoids were identified, mainly lutein in GP (Special: 4.65${\pm}$0.84 mg/kg fresh weight (fw)) and YP (Fiesta: 5.19${\pm}$0.05 mg/kg fw), and capsorubin (3.16${\pm}$0.35 mg/kg fw) and capsanthin (53.70${\pm}$6.23 mg/kg fw) in Special of RP. RP was the highest in total carotenoids, L-ascorbic acid, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol contents, while GP was the highest in ${\gamma}$-tocopherol content. RP showed the strongest antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$=62.40${\pm}$0.03 ${\mu}g/mL$ in an ABTS assay and 182.77${\pm}$31.74 ${\mu}g/mL$ in a DPPH assay). Paprika in different color stages has many phytochemicals even though they have different kinds of carotenoids. Therefore, dietary intake of paprika may be helpful for improving human health.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

This study was aimed at predicting the yield of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) through analyzing the growth characteristics, yield pattern and greenhouse environment. In the greenhouse of the Gyeongnam area (667 m above sea level), the red paprika 'Cupra' and the yellow paprika 'Fiesta' were grown from July 5, 2016 to July 15, 2017. The planting density was $3.66plants/m^2$ and attracted 2 stems. During the cultivation period, the average external radiation of the glasshouse was $14.36MJ/m^2/day$ and the internal average temperature was controlled as $20.1^{\circ}C$. After 42 weeks of planting, the growth rate of 'Cupra' was 7.3 cm/week and that of 'Fiesta' was 6.9 cm/week. The first fruit setting of 'Cupra' appeared at 1.0th node and 'Fiesta' at 2.7th node. The first harvest of 'Fiesta' was 11 weeks after planting and 'Fiesta' was 14 weeks. Comparing the yield per 10 a until the end of the cultivation in July, 'Fiesta' was 19,307 kg, which was 2.4% higher than that of 'Cupra'. And the fruit weight ratio of over 200 g of 'Cupra' was 27.7% which was 7.7% higher than that of 'Fiesta'. The average required days to harvest after fruit setting of 'Cupra' was 72.6 days and 'Fiesta' was 63.8 days. According to the relationship between the average required days to harvest and the cumulative radiation (during from fruit setting to harvest), the more radiation increases the less required days to harvest increases after February. In terms of yield, 'Cupra' increased in yield as the cumulative radiation increased, while 'Fiesta' showed an irregular pattern. Cumulative radiation from fruit setting to harvest was negatively correlated with required days to harvest after February in both cultivars. But in relation to yield, there were difference between 'Cupra' and 'Fiesta'.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.277-289
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• 2012

The total number of requests and associated specimens for the diagnosis of virus infection were 573 and 2,992, respectively, on crops from agricultural places of farmers, Agricultural extension services and so forth for 5 years from 2007. The total number of virus tests was 13,325. The number of species of viruses infected on the submitted crops was 21 in 2007, 15 in 2008, 23 in 2009, 21 in 2010 and 17 in 2011. The newly recorded viruses were Tobacco leaf curl virus (TbLCV) in 2007, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in 2008, Impatience necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) in 2009, and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) in 2010. Forty virus species including Alfalfa mosaic virus were detected over 5 years. The ten most frequently detected virus species were Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). The types of crops submitted from agricultural places were 51 in total and the ten most frequently submitted crops were red pepper, tomato, paprika, watermelon, melon, rice, cucumber, corn, radish and gourd. The total request rate for the top 10 crops and top 20 crops was 81.6% and 94.2%, respectively. Eight pepper infecting virus species included CMV, and the average infection rate was 24.6% for CMV, 18.9% for PMMoV and 14.7% for TSWV. Seven kinds of double infection were detected in pepper including BBWV2+CMV at 14.7% on average, and four types of triple infection including BBWV2+CMV+PepMoV at 0.9% on average. Six virus species detected on tomato including TYLCV, and the average infection rate was 50.6% for TYLCV, 14.5% for TSWV and 10.9% for Tobacco leaf curl virus (TbLCV). The mixed infection of CMV+TSWV on tomato was 3.9% on average and of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)+TYLCV was 0.4% on average. Five viruses detected on watermelon included MNSV and the average infection rate was 37.0% for MNSV, 20.4% for CGMMV, 18.1% for ZYMV and 17.8% for WMV. The mixed infection rate on watermelon was CMV+MNSV and WMV+ZYMV having an average infection rate of 0.7% and 5.0%, respectively. The average infection rates on melon were 77.6% for MNSV, 5.6% for CMV and 3.3% for WMV. Mixed infections of CMV+MNSV occurred on melon with an average infection rate of 13.5%.