• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5412-5418
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• 2014

참돔 이리도바이러스(RSIV)는 이리도바이러스과에 속하며, 많은 아시아 국가에서 감염성 어류 질병을 유발하여 양식산업에 커다란 경제적 손실을 입히는 바이러스이다. 우리는 최근에 효모표면발현(yeast surface display, YSD)를 사용하여 다양한 해양바이러스를 동정하고 검출할 수 있는 새로운 실험시스템을 개발하였다. 이 연구에서 우리는 참돔 이리도 바이러스(RSIV)의 외피단백질을 효모표면 발현 기법을 이용하여 발현시켰다. 바이러스 외피단백질 유전자는 염기서열 데이터베이스에 기초하여 합성되었고, 효모발현벡터인 pCTCON2으로 서브클로닝되었다. 이 벡터는 효모 strain EBY100으로 형질전환 되었다. Flow cytometry와 Western blot analysis를 통해 RSIV 외피단백질의 발현을 확인하였다. ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol 처리에 의해 발현된 바이러스 외피단백질을 효모 표면로부터 분리하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 YSD 시스템이 해양바이러스 외피단백질을 획득하기 위한 매우 좋은 발현시스템이라는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.846-853
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• 2016

We displayed four types of Solanum nigrum metallothionein (SMT) for the first time on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an α-agglutinin-based display system. The SMT genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The plasmid pYES2 was used to construct the expression vector. Transformed yeast strains were confirmed by PCR amplification and custom sequencing. Surface-expressed metallothioneins were indirectly indicated by the enhanced cadmium sorption capacity. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to examine the concentration of Cd²⁺ in this study. The transformed yeast strains showed much higher resistance ability to Cd²⁺ compared with the control. Strikingly, their Cd²⁺ accumulation was almost twice as much as that of the wild-type yeast cells. Furthermore, surface-engineered yeast strains could effectively adsorb ultra-trace cadmium and accumulate Cd²⁺ under a wide range of pH levels, from 3 to 7, without disturbing the Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺. Four types of surfaceengineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were constructed and they could be used to purify Cd²⁺-contaminated water and adsorb ultra-trace cadmium effectively. The surface-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains would be useful tools for the bioremediation and biosorption of environmental cadmium contaminants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1178-1188
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• 2014

In this study, the yeast Pichia pastoris was genetically modified to assemble minicellulosomes on its cell surface by the heterologous expression of a truncated scaffoldin CipA from Clostridium acetobutylicum. Fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis confirmed that CipA was targeted to the yeast cell surface and that NtEGD, the Nasutitermes takasagoensis endoglucanase that was fused with dockerin, interacted with CipA on the yeast cell surface, suggesting that the cohesin and dockerin domains and cellulose-binding module of C. acetobutylicum were functional in the yeasts. The enzymatic activities of the cellulases in the minicellulosomes that were displayed on the yeast cell surfaces increased dramatically following interaction with the cohesin-dockerin domains. Additionally, the hydrolysis efficiencies of NtEGD for carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystal cellulose, and filter paper increased up to 1.4-fold, 2.0-fold, and 3.2-fold, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the expression of C. acetobutylicum minicellulosomes in yeast and the incorporation of animal cellulases into cellulosomes. This strategy of heterologous cellulase incorporation lends novel insight into the process of cellulosome assembly. Potentially, the surface display of cellulosomes, such as that reported in this study, may be utilized in the engineering of S. cerevisiae for ethanol production from cellulose and additional future applications.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.468-472
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• 2003

Recently, genetic engineering techniques have been used to display various heterologous peptides and proteins (enzyme, antibody, antigen, receptor and fluorescence protein, etc.) on the yeast cell surface. Living cells displaying various enzymes on their surface could be used repeatedly as 'whole cell biocatalysts' like immobilized enzymes. We constructed a yeast based whole cell biocatalyst displaying T. reesei cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I ) on the cell surface and endowed the yeast-cells with the ability to degrade cellulose. By using a cell surface engineering system based on ${\alpha}-agglutinin,$ CBH I was displayed on the cell surface as a fusion protein containing the N-terminal leader peptide encoding a Gly-Ser linker and the $Xpress^{TM}$ epitope. Localization of the fusion protein on the cell surface was confirmed by confocal microscopy. In this study, we report on the genetic immobilization of T. reesei CBH I on the S. cerevisiae and hydrolytic activity of cell surface displayed CBH I.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.191-193
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• 2000

B. macerans 유래의 CGTase를 yeast surface display기술을 이용하여 S. cerevisiae의 표면에 발현된 것을 halo-test와 immunofluorescence microscopy와 flow cytometry를 통하여 확인하였다. 재조합 효모는 효소의 cyclization작용을 저해하고 CD의 분해작용을 촉진하는 glucose와 maltose를 제거하는 발효공정과 표면 발현된 CGTase의 cyclization 공정을 동시에 수행할 수 있어 CD의 생산, 분리공정을 효율적으로 개선하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2135-2145
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• 2015

VP7, an outer capsid protein of grass carp reovirus (GCRV), was expressed and displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for developing an efficient vaccine against hemorrhagic disease of grass carp. The result of flow cytometry analysis indicated that protein VP7 could be displayed on the surface of yeast cells after inducing with galactose. The expression of VP7 was confirmed by western blot analysis and further visualized with confocal microscopy. The specific antibodies against VP7 generated from mice were detectable from all immune groups except the control group, which was immunized with untransformed yeast cells. The displaying VP7 on glycosylation-deficient strain EBYΔMnn9 was detected to induce a relatively low level of specific antibody amongst the three strains. However, the antiserum of EBYΔM9-VP7 showed relative high capacity to neutralize GCRV. Further neutralization testing assays indicated that the neutralizing ability of antiserum of the EBYΔM9-VP7 group appeared concentration dependent, and could be up to 66.7% when the antiserum was diluted to 1:50. This result indicates that appropriate gene modification of glycosylation in a yeast strain has essential effect on the immunogenicity of a yeast-based vaccine.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2014

바이러스 분리 및 검출 측면에서의 해양바이러스 연구는 높은 빈도의 돌연변이와 유전적 다양성 때문에 한계가 있어 왔다. 현재 해양바이러스를 검출하기 위해 사용되고 있는 방법 중 ELISA를 기반으로 하는 혈청학적 방법이 가장 보편적이다. 혈청학적 방법은 항체의 질과 고도로 정제된 정확한 항원을 요구한다. 최근에 바이러스 외피단백질을 항원으로 이용하고자하는 새로운 실험시스템이 yeast surface display (YSD)를 사용하여 개발되었다. 이 연구에서는 붉바리 신경괴사 바이러스(RGNNV)의 외피단백질 유전자를 YSD와 HA-tagging 시스템을 이용하여 발현시키고 정제하였다. 2개의 RGNNV 외피단백질 유전자 조각(RGNNV1 및 RGNNV2)을 염기서열 데이터베이스에 기초하여 합성하였고, 효모 발현 벡터인 pCTCON로 클로닝하였다. 효모 strain EBY100에서의 RGNNV 외피단백질의 발현은 발현벡터에 의해 코드되는 C-말단의 c-myc tags를 인지하는 형광표지된 항체를 이용하여 flow cytometry로 검출되었다. 발현된 RGNNV 외피단백질은 ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol 처리 후 Aga1과 Aga2 사이의 이황화결합 절단에 의해 효모표면으로부터 분리되었다. Anti-HA 항체를 사용한 Western blots을 수행하였을 때 각 RGNNV 외피단백질이 정해진 크기에서 검출되는 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 YSD와 HA-tagging 시스템이 재조합 RGNNV 외피단백질의 발현과 정제에 적용가능함을 나타낸다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2019

Yeast two-hybrid는 특정 단백질에 대한 상호작용 파트너 단백질의 선별을 위한 방법으로 개발되었다. 하지만 대규모 단백질 상호작용체 분석을 수행하기에 요구되는 노동과 대량의 한천배지 사용에 따른 문제에 의해 널리 사용되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 새로운 리포터 시스템을 yeast two-hybrid 방법에 도입하여 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) 또는 magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS)를 이용하여 상호작용 파트너 단백질을 포함하는 효모 클론을 손쉽게 선별할 수 있도록 하였다. 새로운 리포터 시스템은 c-myc 항원 결정기가 총 10번 반복되는 형태로 효모 표면에 발현되도록 하였으며, p53과 SV40 T항원을 이용한 실험을 통하여 리포터 단백질의 정상적인 발현을 flow cytometry 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 따라서, 새로운 리포터 시스템을 도입한 yeast two-hybrid 방법은 대규모 상호작용체 분석을 위해 필요한 노력을 현저히 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회소식지:생물산업
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.408-420
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• 2014

Yeast surface-displayed antibody libraries provide an efficient and quantitative screening resource for given antigens, but suffer from typically modest library sizes owing to low yeast transformation efficiency. Yeast mating is an attractive method for overcoming the limit of yeast transformation to construct a large, combinatorial antibody library, but the optimal conditions have not been reported. Here, we report a large synthetic human Fab (antigen binding fragment) yeast surface-displayed library generated by stepwise optimization of yeast mating conditions. We first constructed HC (heavy chain) and LC (light chain) libraries, where all of the six CDRs (complementarity-determining regions) of the variable domains were diversified mimicking the human germline antibody repertoires by degenerate codons, onto single frameworks of VH3-23 and $V{\kappa}1$-16 germline sequences, in two haploid cells of opposite mating types. Yeast mating conditions were optimized in the order of cell density, media pH, and cell growth phase, yielding a mating efficiency of ~58% between the two haploid cells carrying HC and LC libraries. We constructed two combinatorial Fab libraries with CDR-H3 of 9 or 11 residues in length with colony diversities of more than $10^9$ by one round of yeast mating between the two haploid HC and LC libraries, with modest diversity sizes of ${\sim}10^7$. The synthetic human Fab yeast-displayed libraries exhibited relative amino acid compositions in each position of the six CDRs that were very similar to those of the designed repertoires, suggesting that they are a promising source for human Fab antibody screening.