• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2012

The effect of pH of chitosan solution (w/v) on antifungal activity against Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a dog with otitis externa was evaluated. This study was investigated to find out the optimal pH of chitosan solution that could be able to eliminate yeast cells. For comparison of antifungal activity of chitosan solution 2% chlorhexidine that have been already proved the antifungal effect against M. pachydermatis was used as positive control. The chitosan solution at different pH (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0) were involved this experiment. The chitosan solutions at each pH could eliminate a number of yeast cells when they were compared to other antifungal agents. In chitosan solution's antifungal effect of varying degrees according to the pH M. pachydermatis was inhibited at pH of < 5.0. Especially it has been proved an effective antifungal effect at pH 3.5. Therefore, the pH of chitosan solution had a effect on antifungal activity and the optimal pH was 3.5 in vitro. The possibility of topical therapy with acidific solution of chitosan has a potential in skin infection against M. pachydermatis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2007

In order to use food wastes for the source of fermented feed for pigs, this study was aimed to produce better culture inoculum by the aeration and addition of pig' s blood meal as sub nutrient. For the preparation of inoculum as bacterial strain, Lactobacillus brevis isolated from pig intestine, and a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from strawberries were used. Molasses and whey were used as main ingredients for the culture solution as well as yeast extract and other ingredients as sub nutrients. As the experimental result, aeration showed a positive effect to enhance viable cell count or retarding death phase. Although sub nutrient yeast extracts were replaced with pig's blood meal, fermentation characteristics were almost similar to that of yeast extract. When the inoculum was stored at room temperature, L. brevis and S. cerevisiae maintained the viable cell concentration of approximately 8 log cfu/mL for 1 week. 2 Days after the culture solution was mixed with food waste, the number of unwanted bacteria had rapidly increased, but E.coli was not detected for 5 days.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2003

In wine making, to perform yeast culture effectively that is the most important factor, 5 (Montrachet, Pasteur Champagne, Epernay II, prise de Mousse, Lalvin W15) representative active dry yeasts were selected. These are results about physicochemical properties. As a consequence of examining the survival rate in both 17% ethanol solution and 200ppm sulfite solution after 72 hours, Lalvin W15 strain was the highest among the 5 representative active dry yeasts. Moreover, in 1% citric acid solution, the survival rate of Pasteur Champagne after 72 hours was the highest one. As a result of experiment of red wine that is fermented by 5 different active dry yeasts, the highest one of total acidity was must of Lalvin W15. And then, the must of the Epernay II contains the highest ethanol content. Regarding of the content of organic acid, the wine that is fermented by Prise de mousse was the highest one and the order could be explained by Tartaric > Malic > Citric.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2000

Support media for yeast immobilization was prepared from a porous volcanic rock used as a moisturizer in orchid growing. The rock was broken to the size of 2-3 mm and burned at $600^{\circ}C$ in a furnace in order to remove organic materials blocking the pores or treated with HCI solution or NaOH solution to remove the inorganic dirts by dissolving. Even through both the acid and the akali solution were effective the latter was not recommendable because it broke the pore structure by dissolving the elements of the media. This media was mainly consisted of SiO2 with $Al_2O_3$ as a minor component and CaO and K2O as trace elements. It had the finely developed pores of $15-80\mu\textrm{m}$size. Yeast immobilization capacity of this media was about $5{\times108}$ cells/ml bed which is large enough to be used for the practical applications. Yeast immobilization capacities of Alumina and Cordierite were much smaller than that of silica-based media. Scanning electron micrograph of Cordierite and Alumina showed uneven surfaces and small size of pores in contrast to relatively smooth surface and large pores of silica based media which means that smooth surface and large pores are desirable for the good adsorption of microbes on the media.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 1999

The nominal pore size 0.2 ${\mu}m polytetrafluroethylene(PTFE, Satorius Co,) membrane was used for the filtration of 0.1 wt% kaolin, bentonite, yeast, and starch solution, respectively. After filtration, the membrane was cleaned and the pore size was measured by liquid displacement method(LDMl using water/iso-butanol system. The pore size for new PTFE membrane evaluated by LDM was comparable with those of which were measured by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscope. The membrane pores were severely fouled, and constricted to below 0.3 ${\mu}m in the cases of bentonite and starch solution which contained smaller particles than pores. However, in the case of kaolin - solution, only some parts of membrane pores above 0.35 ${\mu}m were slightly fouled. Hence, the phenomena of membrane fouling could be identified quantitatively by the evaluation of pore size using LDM.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1985

Studies were conducted on the conditions for yeast protoplast regeneration in Hansenula anomala var.anomala FRI YO-32 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protoplasts lysed when suspended in hypotonic solutions of KCI, and the least degree of osmolysis was shown in the hypertonic solution containing 1.4M KCI for the strain FRI YO-32 or 0.8M KCI for S. cerevisiae. It was considered that the concentration of agrar and KCI, and protoplast plating method were the main factors influencing regeneration of yeast protoplasts. Yeast protoplasts were regenerated very favorably when embedded in the complete protoplast regeneration media containing 3％ agar as well as 0.4M KCI for the strain FRI YO-32 or 1.0M KCI for S. cerevisiae. It was shown from the relationship between protoplast formation and regeneration that the higher extent of protoplast formation, the lower extent of protoplast regeneration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the optimum manufacturing condition of germanium-fortified yeast, and the binding properties of germanium (Ge) in germanium-fortified yeast. The nutritional optimum conditions were glucose 3.0 (w/v) %, yeast extracts 0.3 (w/v) % and peptone 0.5 (w/v) %, and the amounts of yeast cells were 67.4 mg/ml. And, the standard germanium-fortified yeast was produced under the condition at the ratio of yeast cell and germanium solution was 1 : 0.5 (50%), pH 6.5 and $35-40^{\circ}C$ during fermentation. In results of the identification, binding of germanium-protein showed structural difference between the inorganic Ge $(GeO_2)$ added during fermentation process and germanium-fortified yeast. Therefore, germanium-fortified yeast made by biosynthetic technology formed structurally safe organic germanium during fermentation process. Germanium-fortified yeast can be applied as a new functional material far the improvement of health, the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative disease like cancer, and the enforcement of immune system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1981

The constituents of molasses and effect of pH precipitate formation in molasses solution, vary according to its producing districts. The formation of precipitation is not so changeable in the range of buffering zone of molasses solution(pH4.3-6.3) in philippine molasses according to the change of pH value. On lower or higher than the range of buffering zone, the precipitation is increased from pH 4.3 to 2.8 and from 6.3 to 8.1, it is decreased when pH value is lower or higher than the pH value range. For molasses clarifying, it had better adjust the pH of molasses solution to neutral or weak alkali range out of the alkai side of the buffering zone, with lime solution. And then, add the calcium super phosphate solution to pH value of alkali side in buffering zone, as much as the pH of clarified molasses solution can reach to middle value in buffering zone. For the equilibrium of pH value on clarifying molasses, it takes plenty of time more than 6 hours.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to identify binding properties of germanium (Ge) in Germanium-fortified Yeast using optimum manufacturing process. The ratio of yeast cell and germanium solution was 1 : 0.5 (50%), and pH 6.5, $35^{\circ}C$ and 20 h during fermentation, and Germanium-fortified Yeast produced. In results of the XRD, NMR and FT-IR analysis, it was different adding inorganic Ge $(GeO_2)$ during fermentation process from transformed into germanium in Germanium-fortified Yeast. And germanium concentration was not shown any difference before and after in the dialysis test with SGF (simulated gastric fluids). Therefore, Germanium-fortified Yeast of Geranti made by using biosynthetic technology was considered that transformed into organic properties during fermentation process. And, this result showed that Germanium-fortified Yeast was not dissociated under SGF (simulated gastric fluids) condition because of its structural binding safety. Thus, Germanium-fortified Yeast was transformed into organic germanium during biosynthetic cultivation. It is expected that this Germanium-fortified Yeast can be applied as a new dietary functional materials for cellular immunity, recovery of injured cells and immune system, and possible anticancer activities by activation immune cells like macrophage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2002