• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.807-814
• /
• 2021

This study sought to evaluate the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) prepared by inoculating Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 and a Kefir starter on sows and Holstein cow's. FSBM has high nutritional value due to the hydrolysis of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinin, raffinose and stachyose. In particular, it is widely used as a type of livestock feed due to its high protein content. The composition of FSBM is as follows: crude protein 55.15%, crude fat 2.12% and 0.2% KOH solubility 83.17%, it was higher than soybean meal (SBM). In particular, anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, raffinose and stachyose of FSBM were significantly reduced compared to the SBM. The number of lactic acid bacteria, including B. coagulans NRR1207, is 8.63 × 10⁷ CFU·g^-1, yeast is 1.1 × 10⁶ CFU·g^-1. Offspring numbers, the initial sucking number, sucking days, and weaned numbers of sows fed with FSBM all showed higher values compared to the control group. The average body weight and backfat thickness of sows fed with FSBM increased than those fed with SBM. The weight body of piglets fed with FSBM increased by 1.4 kg compared to the control group. The feed conversion ratio of piglets fed with FSBM was reduced by 10.69% compared to the control group. The results of this study indicate that FSBM can provide beneficial effects with regard to the feeding characteristics of sows and piglets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.785-792
• /
• 2020

ʟ-Theanine, found in green tea leaves has been shown to positively affect immunity and relaxation in humans. There have been many attempts to produce ʟ-theanine through enzymatic synthesis to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. Among the many genes coding for enzymes in the ʟ-theanine biosynthesis, glutamylmethylamide synthetase (GMAS) exhibits the greatest possibility of producing large amounts of production. Thus, GMAS from Methylovorus mays No. 9 was overexpressed in several strains including vectors with different copy numbers. BW25113(DE3) cells containing the pET24ma::gmas was selected for strains. The optimal temperature, pH, and metal ion concentration were 50℃, 7, and 5 mM MnCl₂, respectively. Additionally, ATP was found to be an important factor for producing high concentration of ʟ-theanine so several strains were tested during the reaction for ATP regeneration. Baker's yeast was found to decrease the demand for ATP most effectively. Addition of potassium phosphate source was demonstrated by producing 4-fold higher ʟ-theanine. To enhance the conversion yield, GMAS was additionally overexpressed in the system. A maximum of 198 mM ʟ-theanine was produced with 16.5 mmol/l/h productivity. The whole-cell reaction involving GMAS has greatest potential for scale-up production of ʟ-theanine.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.162-173
• /
• 1998

The effect of soybean addition to the preparation of Jeung-Pyun(Korean fermented rice cake) and the fermentational characteristics of Jeung-Pyun dough were determined. Jeung-Pyun dough composed of rice 100g, soybean 20g, water 40g, salt 0.8g, sugar 15g and Tak-ju 30g was fermented for up to 20hours. the numbers of total microbes, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria in the dough during fermen-tation increased rapidly during 5 hours of fermentation, but Leuconostoc mesenteroides during 7 hours of fermentation, Generally, there were many more microbes in the Jeung-Pyun dough with soybeans than in the Jeung-Pyun dough with rice. The volume of 7 hour fermented Jeung-Pyun was most massive, especially in the soybean added Jeung-Pyun. 1% dextran-added rice Jeung-Pyun, the volume of steamed cake was increased more than that of rice Jeung-Pyun, but is was not as bulky as in the soybean-added cake. In the sensory evaluation of the test cake products, the 7 hour fermented cake was preferred by nost. As for instrumental characteristics, the 7 hour feremented Jeung-Pyun showed the lowest values for hardness and elasticity, brittleness and chewiness. The rice Jeung-Pyun showed were stored at 2$0^{\circ}C$ the hardness, brittleness and cohesiveness of rice Jeung-Pyun were respectively increased rapidly after 5 days of storage. The cohesiveness, elasticity, brittleness, chewiness, gumminess of both rice Jeung-Pyun and soybean-added Jeung-Pyun were decreased with storage time.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2001

본 연구에서는 히루딘을 생산할 수 있는 재조합 S. cerevisiae 에서 ‘히루딘 유전자의 copy number 와 히루딘 발현양과의 관계를 규명하였으며 , ${\delta}$ 서열을 이중으로 사용한 히루딘 발현벡터를 제조하여 히루딘 유전자의 효모염색체로의 도입효율을 증가시켰다. 숙주세포인 효모의 GALl 유전자를 파쇄하여 균체에 의한 갈락토스 소모를 방지하여 보다 경제적으로 히루딘을 생산할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였으며, 재조합 H. polymorpha을 이용한 발효공정에서 히루딘 생산을 위한 최적의 메탄올 농도를 결정하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2004

Effects of chemical treatment with a citric acid solution or ozonated water on microbiological changes in lettuce and cabbage during storage were studied. Fresh lettuce and cabbage samples were cut into small pieces and treated by soaking in either ozonated water or a citric acid solution. After treatment, populations of total bacteria, yeast and mold, and E. coli were determined. Numbers of microorganisms increased during storage, but ozonated water and citric acid treatments retarded the increase in microbial growth. Among treatments, 1 % citric acid treatment was the most effective in terms of microbiological change and inhibition of polyphenoloxidase (PPO). For lettuce, citric acid treatment decreased the microbial growth overall by 1.5 log CFU/g and inhibited the PPO activity by 80%. These results indicate that chemical-treated lettuce and cabbage retained a better quality than those of the control during storage.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2005

Effect of blanching and/or $CaCl_2$ addition on the quality characteristics of Oiji prepared by dry salting method, which has been used for industry, was investigated. Control$(15\%\;salt),\;CAO(15\%\;salt\;+\;0.04\%\;CaCl_2)$ and BCO $(15\%\;salt\;+\;0.04\%\;CaCl_2+blanching\;at\;60^{\circ}C\;for\;20\;min)$ for 165 days. Acidity was lower, but pH was higher in BCO than in the control or CAO. During the whole period of storage, greenness(-a) of BCO was maintained in Hunter color system, compared with the other groups. The numbers of total microbes, lactic acid bacteria and yeast were the lowest in BCO, while the highest in control. Moreover, texture profile analysis exhibited that fracturability and hardness maintained the highest in BCO during storage, compared with the other groups. Based on these results, combination of blanching and $CaCl_2$ addition is favorable to extend the shelf life and to maintain the good quality.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1337-1340
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial safety of raw beef used to produce Korean beef jerky, The raw beef samples harbored large populations of microorganisms. In particular, psychrophilic bacteria were found to be most numerous ($9.2{\times}10^3-1.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$) in the samples. Mesophilic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria were present in average numbers ($10^3-10^5\;CFU/g$). Spore-forming bacteria and coliforms were not detected below detection limit. Yeast and molds were detected at $2.2{\times}10^1-7.8{\times}10^2\;CFU/g$ in the raw beef. Ten samples of raw beef were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus cereus was isolated from sample B, G, and H. The B. cereus isolates from raw beef samples were identified with 99.8% agreement according to the API CHB 50 kit.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.530-535
• /
• 2019

In this study, the quality characteristics of 30 kinds of long-term matured soy sauce collected from all over Korea classified according to ripening period were analyzed. The longer the soy sauce had to matured, the closer the pH was to neutrality. Acidity decreased as the ripening period increased. Total nitrogen and amino nitrogen content increased as the soy sauce matured. Moisture content decreased with the increasing soy sauce ripening period, and the content of pure extracts increased in proportion to the ripening period. The numbers of bacteria, fungi, and yeast increased in proportion to the maturation period. The content of P was highest in all soy sauce analyzed, followed by K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn. Mg and Ca contents decreased with maturing, whereas K increased with maturing.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.232-247
• /
• 2015

향온국(통밀, 녹두), 내부비전국(녹두, 밀가루, 기장), 대두국(통밀, 대두) 등의 누룩으로 각각 탁주, 약주, 증류주를 제조하여 이들의 품질 특성을 평가하였다. 품질 평가를 위하여 발효액의 pH, 당도, 총산도, 알코올 함량, 효모 생균수 등을 측정하였고, 각각의 누룩으로 만든 탁주, 약주, 증류주의 향기성분과 유기산 함량을 측정하였으며, 관능 검사를 실시하였다. 발효가 진행되는 동안 향온국의 pH 저하가 가장 많았고, 당도도 낮아졌다. 총 산도는 발효 초기에 향온국이 가장 높았고, 발효종점에서도 향온국이 가장 높았으나, 대두국과는 유의적 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 알코올 함량은 내부비전국에서 발효 초기에 가장 높았고, 발효 종점에서는 세 누룩 간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 효모 생균수는 발효 초기에 대두국에서 가장 많이 검출되었고, 발효 2일부터 균수가 감소하기 시작하였으며, 발효 종점에서는 세 누룩 간 차이가 없었다. 향기성분 분석에서 acetone과 n-amyl alcohol은 약주, 탁주, 증류주에서 검출되지 않았으나, n-butanol이 가장 높은 수치로 검출되었고, 다음이 i-amyl alcohol이었다. Fusel oil은 증류주에서 가장 많이 검출되었으나, 탁주, 약주, 증류주에서는 차이가 없었다. 유기산 중 fumaric acid와 formic acid는 탁주와 약주에서 검출되지 않았고, 7종의 유기산들이 검출되었으며, 유기산 중 lactic acids가 가장 많았다. 관능검사에서 향온국으로 만든 탁주와 약주가 가장 높은 점수를 얻었고, 대두국이 가장 낮은 점수를 얻었으며, 세 누룩으로 만든 증류주에서는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과로 향온국으로 만든 탁주와 약주가 바람직한 전통주로 판명되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 1981

여름철 고온다습기에 사료를 저장시 문제되는 미생물의 증식과 사료의 영양가 손실이 부로일러의 성장 및 사료효율에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수분함량이 낮은 저수분사료(수분 12%)와 수분함량이 높은 고수분사료(수분 15%)에 항곰팡이제인 Sorbic acid를 0.02%와 0.04% 그리고 Ca-Pro-pionic acid를 0.1%와 0.2% 첨가하여 Anak계부로일러로 실험하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 항곰팡이제는 호기성이나 염기성세균 보다 곰팡이나 효모의 증식 억제에 효과가 있었으며 특히 수분 15%에서는 Sorbic acid 0.04% 첨가가 억제효과가 가장 컷다. 2. 수분 15%인 분쇄옥수수의 전분손실은 14% 정도이었으나 항곰량이제를 첨가하므로서 3-7%로 크게 낮아졌으며, Sorbic acia가 Ca-propionic acid보다 효과적이었다. 3. 지방함량 손실은 고수분구에서 15% 였으나 Sorbic acid 0.04% 첨가로 Ca-propionic acid보다는 지방손실은 7%로 줄일 수 있었다. 4. 부로일러 전기의 증체량을 저수분구에 Sorbic-acid를 첨가한 것은 타구에 비하여 유의적으로 높았고 고수분구에 항곰팡이제 무첨가구와 Ca-propionic acid 0.1% 첨가구는 타구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다 (P＜0.05). 5 전기의 사료효율은 고수분구에 항곰팡이제 무첨가구에서만 유의적으로 낮았으나(P＜0.05) 항 곰팡이제의 종류나 수준 그리고 수분의 고, 저에는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 6. 부로일러후기의 증체량은 고수분구에 항곰팡이제 무첨가구는 유의적으로 낮았고. 저수구분에 Sorbic acid 0.04% 첨가구는 고수분구에 Ca-propionic acid 0.1%와 저수분에 Ca-propionic acid 0.1% 첨가구에 비해서 유의적으로 좋았다 (P＜0.05). 7. 후기의 사료효율에 있어서 고수분구에 함곰장이제 무첨가구는 유의적으로 낮았으며 저수분구에 Sorbic acid 0.02%와 0.04% 첨가가 저수분구에 Ca-Propionic acid 0.1%와 0.2% 첨가보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P＜0.05) 8. 장내 징생물 변화는 소장보다 맹장에서 세균이나 곰팡이가 많았고 세분함량에 의한 장내미생물의 차이는 없었으나 항곰팡이제 첨가는 장내에서 곰팡이 억제효과가 있었다. 9. 수분 15% 기타 대조구에서 뇌 연화증 이 발생하였으며 기타구에서는 별다른 이상이 없었다. 이상의 시험결과 하절기 고수분사료에는 Sorbic acid 0.04%나 CP 0.2%를 첨가하거나 사료의 수분함량을 12% 이하로 낮추는 것이 부로일러 성장과 사료효율 증진에 유효하다고 사료된다.