• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2014

Wind-vehicle-bridge (WVB) interaction can be regarded as a coupled vibration system. Aerodynamic forces and moment on vehicles and bridge decks play an important role in the vibration analysis of the coupled WVB system. High-speed vehicle motion has certain effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle-bridge system under crosswinds, but it is not taken into account in most previous studies. In this study, a new testing system with a moving vehicle model was developed to directly measure the aerodynamic forces and moment on the vehicle and bridge deck when the vehicle model moved on the bridge deck under crosswinds in a large wind tunnel. The testing system, with a total length of 18.0 m, consisted of three main parts: vehicle-bridge model system, motion system and signal measuring system. The wind speed, vehicle speed, test objects and relative position of the vehicle to the bridge deck could be easily altered for different test cases. The aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck were measured utilizing the new testing system. The effects of the vehicle speed, wind yaw angle, rail track position and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge deck were investigated. In addition, a data processing method was proposed according to the characteristics of the dynamic testing signals to determine the variations of aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck. Three-car and single-car models were employed as the moving rail vehicle model and road vehicle model, respectively. The results indicate that the drag and lift coefficients of the vehicle tend to increase with the increase of the vehicle speed and the decrease of the resultant wind yaw angle and that the vehicle speed has more significant effect on the aerodynamic coefficients of the single-car model than on those of the three-car model. This study also reveals that the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle and bridge deck are strongly influenced by the rail track positions, while the aerodynamic coefficients of the bridge deck are insensitive to the vehicle speed or resultant wind yaw angle.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2001

In this paper, an automatic route tracking algorithm using the position variables and the yaw angle of a ship is suggested, Since most autopilot systems paly only a role of course-keeping by integrating the gyrocompass output, they cannot cope with position errors between the desired route and real route of the ship resulted from a drifting and disturbances such as wave, wind and currents during navigation. In order for autopilot systems to track the desired route, a method which can reduce such position errors is required and some algorithms have been proposed[1,2]While such were turned out effective methods, they have a shortage that the rudder control actions for reducing the position errors are occurred very frequently. In order to improve this problem it is necessary to convert that error into the corresponding yaw angle and necessary to treat only yaw angle control problem. To do this a command generation algorithm which converts the rudder angle command reducing the current position error into they yaw angle command is suggested. To control the ship under disturbances and nonlinearities of the ship dynamics, the adaptive fuzzy controller is developed. Finally, through computer simulations for two ship models, the effectiveness of the suggested method and the possibility of the automatic route tracking are assured.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2019

In this paper, we report a robust steering control using time delay control for the vehicle dynamics variation due to tire/road contact condition variation, the lateral disturbance force due to the side wind, and the yaw disturbance moment due to the difference between the left and right tires' pneumatic pressure. We controlled the side slip and yaw damping compensation for rapid steering at the high velocity of the vehicle. Based on the developed control, the driver can only consider the desired path without concerning on the vehicle dynamics variation, disturbances, and undesired side slip and yaw oscillations. Simulation results show that robustness from the vehicle dynamics variation and disturbances was achieved by using the developed time delay control. We evaluated the side slip and yaw damping compensation capability for the rapid steering at the high velocity of the vehicle in the cases of three control methods.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.495-499
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 상호역회전 풍력발전기와 New Yaw System 실증시험에 대하여 제시한다. 상호역회전 풍력발전기는 공기의 유동을 가진 운동에너지의 공기역학적(aerodynamic) 특성을 이용하여 동일한 바람방향에 대해 상호 반대방향으로 회전하는 Front Blade와 Rear Blade를, Generator의 Rotor와 Stator에 각각 결합 형성한 것으로, Generator와 Dual Blade의 회전력이 원심력이 아닌 구심력으로 변환되어 무게중심이 균형을 이루게 한다. 이렇게 변환된 구심력은 회전구동부분의 편마모 현상, 소음발생 현상 및 불균형 톨크 발생 현상 감소효과가 공히 구현되도록 하여 풍력발전기의 구조적 안정성 및 발전효율 증대효과를 얻을 수 있도록 한 기술이다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.529-548
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• 2014

This article presents the unsteady aerodynamic performance of crosswind stability obtained numerically for the ATM train. Results of numerical investigations of airflow past a train under different yawing conditions are summarized. Variations of occurrence flow angle from parallel to normal with respect to the direction of forward train motion resulted in the development of different flow patterns. The numerical simulation addresses the ability to resolve the flow field around the train subjected to relatively large yaw angles with three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model solved on a multi-block structured grid using a finite volume method. The massively separated flow for the higher yaw angles on the leeward side of the train justifies the use of RANS, where the results show good agreement with verification results. A method of solution is presented that can predict all aerodynamic coefficients and the wind characteristic curve at variety of angles at different speed.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.39-48
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• 1994

Up to the present the study on the performance prediction of HAWT was perfomed mainly by assuming the axial flow. So in this paper we aimed at the fully non-axial flow of HAWT. For this purpose, we defined the wind turbine pitch angle in addition to the yaw angle to specify the arbitrary wind direction. And we adopted the Glauert method as the basic analysis method then modified this method suitably for our goal. By comparing the computational results obtained by this modified new Glaurert method with the experimental results, it was proved that our method was a very efficient method.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1996

An iterative time marching procedure for solving incompressible turbulent flow has been applied to the flows around a high speed train including cross-wind effects. This procedure solves three-dimensional unsteady incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on a non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system using first-order accurate schemes for the time derivatives and third/second-order accurate schemes for the spatial derivatives. Turbulent flows have been modeled by Baldwin-Lomax turbulent model. To validate present procedure, the flow around a high speed train at zero yaw angle was simulated and compared with experimental data. Generally good agreement with experiments was achieved. The flow fields around the high speed train at 9.2°, 16.7°, and 45° of yaw angle were also simulated.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2016

Aerodynamic loads for a horizontal axis wind turbine of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI rotor in yawed condition were predicted by using the blade element momentum theorem. The classical blade element momentum theorem was complemented by several aerodynamic corrections and models including the Pitt and Peters' yaw correction, Buhl's wake correction, Prandtl's tip loss model, Du and Selig's three-dimensional (3-D) stall delay model, etc. Changes of the aerodynamic loads according to the azimuth angle acting on the span-wise location of the NREL Phase VI blade were compared with the experimental data with various yaw angles and inflow speeds. The computational flow chart for the classical blade element momentum theorem was adequately modified to accurately calculate the combined functions of additional corrections and models stated above. A successive under-relaxation technique was developed and applied to prevent possible failure during the iteration process. Changes of the angle of attack according to the azimuth angle at the specified radial location of the blade were also obtained. The proposed numerical procedure was verified, and the predicted data of aerodynamic loads for the NREL Phase VI rotor bears an extremely close resemblance to those of the experimental data.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2014

본 논문은 패러포일 투하 시스템을 설계하고 분석하는데 있다. 패러포일 시스템의 6-자유도(6-DOF) 모델을 새우고, 비선형 모델 예측 제어와 PID 제어 방법이 펄럭 편 요각을 제어하기 위해 각각 적용되었다. 펄럭 편 요각의 오버슈트 시간 및 세팅 시간의 결과를 비교하면서 PID제어 방법을 사용하는 것으로부터 펄럭 편 요각이 좀 더 안정화 되는 것을 확인하였다. 그런 다음 MATLAB에 의해 수행된 궤적 추종 효과의 시뮬레이션 결과에 의해 궤적 추종 제어기가 설계되었다. 패러포일 궤적의 측 방향 오차가 그것의 측 방향 편차 제어 방법에 의해 제거 될 수 있었다. 참고로 측 방향 편차는 현재 경로계획의 보간법에 의해 얻어졌다. 그리고 설계된 궤적을 사용하면서, 풍 외란을 추가하는 것으로부터 궤적 추종 시스템이 시뮬레이션 되었다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 풍외란이 PID로 제어되는 펄럭 편 요각 변화에 의해 제거됨으로써 설계된 궤적에 아주 만족하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2004

The vortex flow characteristics of a sharp-edged delta wing at high angles of attack were studied using a computational technique. Three dimensional, compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved to understand the effects of the angle of yaw, angle of attack, and free stream velocity on the development and interaction of vortices and the relationship between suction pressure distributions and vortex flow characteristics. The present computations gave qualitatively reasonable predictions of vortical flows over a delta wing, compared with past wind tunnel measurements. With an increase in the angle of yaw, the symmetry of the pair of leading edge vortices was broken and the vortex strength was decreased on both windward and leeward sides. An increase in the free stream velocity resulted in stronger leading edge vortices with an outboard movement.