• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.31-37
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : We investigated the cases for which spleen tonifying Sa-Am acupuncture was applied in ${\ulcorner}$Sa-Am-chim-gu-jeong-jeon(舍巖鍼灸正傳)${\lrcorner}$ and classified them according to the concepts of cold-heat & deficiency-excess for a better understanding of the application of spleen tonifying Sa-Am acupuncture. Results : 1. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat heat syndromes such as deficient fire caused by collapse of the spleen qi, stagnation of evil qi or spleen yin deficiency, by way of tonifying spleen qi, activating the flow of qi and blood or harmonizing spleen yin and yang. 2. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat cold syndromes such as weakness of spleen yang by way of promoting fire to generate earth, strengthening spleen yang and raising the clear yang. 3. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat deficiency syndromes such as malnutrition or poor appetite caused by spleen deficiency by way of tonifying spleen qi. 4. Tonification of Spleen Sa-Am acupuncture can be used to treat excess syndromes such as stagnation of qi and blood, abdominal mass or toxication by way of tonifying spleen qi and promoting the flow of qi and blood.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

There are three kinds of books written by different authors in different regions in the 19th century. These books include "BonChoYuHam (本草類函)" (1833), "BonChoBuBangPyeonRam (本草附方便覽)" (1855) and "BonChoBang (本草方)" (1860?). However, these books are very similar in terms of content and format. They were written in the format of large medical books and they contained prescriptions made up with 1-2 kinds of herbals depending on diseases. These three books which could not affect each other appear to have these commons. The reason is that these books were newly edited based on Bubang (附方) in "BenChaoGangMu" depending on diseases and "BenChaoWanFangZhenXien" (1712) written by Cai, lie Xian (蔡烈先) was used as the reference. Woodblock printed book of "BenChaoGangMu" viewed by medical practitioners in Joseon Dynasty in the 19th century mostly had "BonChoManBangChimSun" which could be called '"BenChaoGangMu" Bubang index' as the appendix. All authors of three books tried to make 'reorganization of "BenChaoGangMu"' by using "BonChoManBangChimSun" as the important reference. Work of 'reorganization of "BenChaoGangMu"' focusing on symptoms being made in the 19th century was made a few times in the 20th century. "YangMuSinPyeon" and "SuSeBiGyeol" published in 1928 were outcomes of these works in the 20th century. 'Reorganization of "BenChaoGangMu"' being made in 19th-20th centuries showed great interest for "BenChaoGangMu" in the medical community in the late Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the practical scholarship of Joseon Dynasty gave "BenChaoGangMu" the value as the collection of prescriptions rather than the concept of book for herbal medicine. Prescriptions of reorganized "BenChaoGangMu" have been spread out to many books in the late Joseon Dynasty. Thus, the impact of "BenChaoGangMu" on society in the late Joseon Dynasty seems to be much larger than what has been known so far.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.7
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• pp.113-160
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• 1994

The Sa-Ahm monk, who was believed to have existed in the middle of Cho-Seon Dynasty in Korea, have created an original Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method and written down, "Book of Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method" using not only laws of creation and suppression in 5 element theory but also its main and other connected meridians according to the daignosis of visceras and bowels. Also the written time and background of its theory have not been known, and after obtaining Ji-San's book on Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method, I studied on them. The results are as follows : 1) The treatment chapter of Book of Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method was written down by Sa-Ahm himself, and the chapter for Medical Experience was found to be written down by Ji-San. 2) It seemed that Sa-Ahm adopted the main ideas of "Eui Hak Jeong Jon(醫學正傳)" for the section of physiology, pathology and classification of disease symptoms the contents of which covered 40 of 43 parts, and the ideas of "Dong Eui Bo Gam(東醫寶鑑)" for YunGi treatise(運氣篇), and SangHan part(傷寒門) in classification of diease symptoms was intensified by the ideas of "Eui Hak Ip Moon(醫學入門)", and the contents of apoplexy, diseases characterized by acute diarrhea and vomiting, beriberi, diseases of oral cavity were intensified by the ideas of "Chim Ku Kyeong Hearn Bang(鍼灸經驗方)". 3) The written date of the Book of Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method has been established as 1644 AD(22nd year of In Jo king of Cho-Seon Dynasty) after studying preface, contents and acknowledgement of Heo Im's "Chim Ku Kyeong Hearn Bang(鍼灸經驗方)". 4) The philosophic background of "Sa-Am Acupuncture Method(舍巖鍼法)" seems to be derived from the theories of "I Ching(周易)" and Yin Yang 5 Element Theory(陰陽五行學說), and to be influenced by such medical scholars as Tan Ke(丹溪), Woo Bak(虞搏), and Heo Im(許任).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.25-38
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• 2000

The research follows several steps. First, the chinese 'WangSung' and 'KungSi' System are verified positively. Next, the structure of palace in Choson Dynasty is deduced based on those chinese systems. Finally, the common system that is also applied in other government-operated spaces is found. The result can be summarized as follows. It is clarified from reviewing the chinese 'WangSung' and 'KungSil' Systems that the 'OyoiCho' is located in 'WhangSung(the imperial city) but out of' KungSung(the palace). Therefore, the research points out that all sort of theories explaining the 'OyoiCho' of Choson Dynasty is a space of 'in-place' are false. The palace system of Choson dynasty seeks the substantiality grounded on the substantial function of 'SamCho(three spaces)' rather than its strict principle dividing main spaces by several doors-'KungMoon' Moreover, it is also certified that the 'ChonChoHooChim' system, literally the political court is located at the front and the private section is at the other(back) side, is directly applied on the palace of Choson Dynasty. This idea has been developed into 'inner and outer' concept and repressed in palace as the 'OyoiChon(outer palace) and NaeChon(inner palace)' concept. conclusion, the research suggests that the dual concept in space such as 'ChonHoo(front and back) and 'NaeOyoi(inner and outer)' basically comes from 'Eum Yang' theory and influences in building other government-operated spaces: for example 'ChongMyo(the royal ancestors shrine)', 'SoWon(a private school of Choson dynasty), 'HyangKyo(a local school annexed to the Confucian shrine)' and 'KwanAh(a governmet agency)'

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2008

The theory of Hwa Acupuncture Therapy (HAT), called Hwa Chim Therapy, is a part of the Five Elements Theory unique to Korea. H99AT, created and developed by Jaehoon Song, integrates the victor-vanquished as well as the son-mother relationship of the Five Elements of breakdown and restoration of balance between yin and yang. And also, it provides resources and data on The seventy fifth Difficulty Nan(75難), The sixty ninth Difficulty Nan(69難) of Classic on Difficulty - Nan Jin 75, 69. HAT establishes objectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis based upon the traditional method and procedure of pulse taking. In HAT, a person's state of illness is diagnosed by applying the comparative examination of the palpitation of the pulse. It is the fact that the pulse varies according to the state, and that HAT treatment has proven the positive results by using the victor-vanquished relationship of Classic on The Nan Jin 75. On the basis of this, it is necessary to add the sixty ninth Difficulty(69難), to research the theory of the generation of the Five Element. Despite a the concise and simple theory, Hwa Chim is very effective in treating the wide range of illness, and thus it has gained an increasing attention of many scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional Korean oriental medicine. However, it is the first theoretical attempt to the clinical research and scientific methodology of Ohaeng(Five) Hwa Chim, and more active Hwa Acupuncture R&D is being conducted nationwide.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 1999

$\ulcorner$GANPYUN CHOSUN YORI-JEBUP$\lrcorner$,a book of cooking was written in Korean in 1934. The kinds of food were analyzed of cooking method, materials, measuring unit of materials by this book. Findings from this book are summarized as follows: 1. There were 8 kinds of Bap and 18 kinds of Zook. 2. There were 31 kinds of Korean Soup. 10 kinds of Ziggae, 4 kinds of Jun-gol. 3. There were Side-dishes including 6 kinds of Jim, 5 kinds of Jijimee, 7 kinds of Sanjuk, 9 kinds of Junyua. 18 kinds of Na-mool, 4 kinds of Moo-chim, 3 kinds of Ho, and 15 kinds of Po and were 8 kinds of dry side-dish. 4. Utensil to be used che(sieve), sot(pot). nambi(pan), Sugarak(spoon), and yang peon(bowl). 5. The measuring units were various. for example mal, dei, hob, etc. 6. The processing of cooking included preparation and boiling process. The processing of preparation were puting. mixing, and being cold, and the processing of heating were steaming and boiling.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.152-164
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• 1994

In Nai-Gyung(內經), it is said that In-Yeong(人迎) means In- Yeong Maek(人迎脈), Gi-Gu m- eans Tson-Gu(寸口) or Maek- Gu(脈口), In-yeong, artery in the side of neck, is located before Yeong-Geun(瓔筋), called as Jok-Yang-Myung-Maek(足陽明脈),so the part of In-Yeong-Maek means In-Yeong-Hyul(人迎穴) of Jok-Yang-Myung- Wi-Gyung(足陽明胃經) showing the artery in the side of neck. The part of Tson-Gu-Maek is that of artery in Yo-Gol(橈骨), beating source of Soo-Tae-Eum-Maek (手太陰脈) Of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek, In-Yeong-Maek mainly consists of Yang(陽), Gi-Gu-Maek of Eum(陰), so In-Yeung means physical disease, short of extra Eum component. They said that if In-Yeong-Maek was more than Gi-Gu-Maek, it meant physical injury, while Gi-Gu-Maek was more than In- Yeo-ng-Maek, it meant internal injury. In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek is the one to distinguish the external and internal, the inside and outside, Eum and Yang, but there is no definite classification method to distinguish it, also it is difficult to grasp the comparison of 1sung(1盛), 2sung(2盛), 3sung(3盛), interrelation with 12-Gyung-Rak(l2經絡), change of maek phases, so necessary to set up the clear definition for In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek. For the two theories as to In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek according to Nai-Gyung, the one is to diagnose the maek by comparing the In-Yeong-Hyul with Tson-Gu of Soo-Tae-Eum-Maek as Gi-Gu in the both sides of neck part, he other is to divide the left and right of Gi-Gu-Maek in to In-Yeong and Gi-Gu afterwards, but today it is difficult to compare and explain the medical theory afterwards owing to insufficient consideration of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek at Nai-Gyung. The diagnosis of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek at Nai-Gyung to distinguish the surplus and shortage of Eum and Yang up to now since Nai-Gyung has so important and diagnostic value as to grasp the exact meaning. Herewith, this researcher com-pared Nai-Gyung and medical theory afterwards, reported it to consider the fixed position and changing process of viscera and entrails arrangement of literatures introducing In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek, examining the change of maek phases for normal maek and a-bnormal maek of In-Yeong-Gi-Gu-Maek, considering the 1 sung, 2 sung, 3 sung maek phases in In-Yeong-Gi- Gu-Maek. According to the above results, the conclusion was reached as follows. 1. In-Yeong as the outside indicates external disease(外感), showing the surplus and shortage of Yang symptom by having Boo-Maek(浮脈) as Py-ung-Maek(平脈), Gi-Gu as the inside indicates internal disease(內傷), showing the surplus and shortage of Eum symptom by having Chim-Maek(沈脈) as P-yung-Maek(平脈). 2. In Pyung-Maek of In- Yeong-Maek as Boo-Maek, g-radual sinking of more floated changing maek because of disease means the improvement of di-sease, in Pyung-Maek of Gi- Gu-Maek as Chim- Maek, gradual floating of more sunken changing maek because of disease means the improvement of disease. 3. They said that disease of Jok-Gyung-Rak(足經絡) is cha-nged to that of Soo-Kyung-Rak(手經絡) when Jo-Maek(躁脈) appears whether In-Yeong-Maek or Gi-Gu-Maek 4. With the exemples of 1 sung 2 sung 3 sung it was porned with the relation of Pyo-Ri-Soo-Jok(表裏手足). Therfore I can guess that this fact is a moment explained the Bu-You-Sa-Kyung(部有四經) mentioned in Nan-Gyung-18-Nan(難經 第18難). 5. I think that In-Yeong and Gi-Gu, as a diagnosis method which distinguish between the inside indicates internal disease and the outside indicates external disease, is required to study further researches.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.209-244
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• 1995

The time therapy in oriental medicine is to reserch physiological activity and pathological variation with time, or time with disease. In that, this therapy is to research the development of disease, progress, diagnosis, treatment, and the meaning of preventive medicine. The theory of time therapy has been developed form heaven-human corresponding principle, and fourtimes of seasons is related with human life. After that, this theory affects in yin-yang five circle principle and organ-meridian match system. The independent development was formed later, but the origin has progressed for a logn times. in relation with time therapy, traditional acupuncture therory suggested five semen. In twenty century, the doctor rheinhold voll suggested energy exchange theory, this theory is based on time therapy, but has partial differance also too. His oppinion is this´ the energy present in the body has a circulation following the acupuncture teaching, i.e., the organs and their meridians are flooded in a certain sequence by this flowing energy. This maximum times of the organs are of physiologic and pathologic significance to man. In next time, we will discuss the indivisual theory in detail, and wil have comparison, and considering too.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 2006

We came to the conclusion as follows from the research about pulse diagnostic technique (脈診) out of "Nan Jinghoeju jeonjung" (難經滙注箋正). 1. "Nan Jing" is practical medical book for clinician and holds different opinions about three portions and nine takings(三部九候脈法) from Huang Di Nei Jing's Taking the pulse of Bu Jung Chim Chon Kwan Chuk((浮中沈 寸關尺) is a quite creative means which has been a important role to future generation. 2. We pointed the differences between western medical science and traditional medical science. And can explain the pulse in western medicine divided from twelve channels of Oriental Medicine. We can explain special connection between heart and lungs using the theory of systemic & pulmonary circulation in western medicine. And this can be a basement of Lung controls every pulse theory in oriental medicine. 3. We have negative assertion about viewing the human body using theory of Yin and Yang-Five Elements. And have poor opinion of explaining about the matching internal organs to Chon Kwan Chuk using the theory of Yin and Yang-Five Elements. 4. We pointed out the mistake that Porak & Sang hwa act for heart. We took pulses considering heart is a real actual internal organ as others. 5. We denied the theory of Man's Chuk pulse is always weak(男子尺脈恒弱) & Woman's Chuk pulse is always strong(女子尺脈恒盛). The physical form of man and woman is not different from each other considering their inheritances from forefather & same shape of organs. So, we cannot insist on the theory.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Gin Ga Chu Yo(該家樞要) was written in the year 1359 by Hwal Su(滑壽) who was a famous oriental doctor between Won(元) and Myeong(明) dynasty. As specialized in sphygmology(脈學), this book was brought together most things about sphygmology(脈學) before Won(元) dynasty by the author. Moreover he added the self-realized things to this book. Methods: In this book, there are all 20 chapters; Chu Yo Hyeon Eon(樞要玄言), Jwa U Su Bae Jang Bu Bu Wi (左右手配臟腑部立), O Jang(五臟), Sa Si peong Maek(四時平脈), Nae Gyeong Sam Bu Maek Beop(內經三部脈法), Ho Heup Chim Bu Jeong O Jang Beop(呼吸沈浮定五臟法), In Ji Ha Gyeong Jung I Jeong O Jang Beop(因指下輕重以定五臟法), Sam Bu So Ju(三部所主), Ji Maek Su Beop(持脈手法), Maek Gwi Yu Sin(脈實有神), Maek Eum Yang Yu Seong(脈陰陽類成 ), Gyeom Hyeon Maek Ryu(兼見脈類), Je Maek Ui Gi Ryu(諸脈宜忌類), Heom Je Sa Jeung Ryu(驗諸死症類) , Sa Jeol Maek Ryu(死絶脈類), O Jang Dong Ji Maek(五藏動止脈), Bu In Maek Beop(婦人脈法), So A Maek Beop(小兒脈法), Maek Sang Tong Hoe(脈象統會), Maek Sang Ga(脈象歌) and an epilogue in the end. This treatise is made up of principal, notes, study and conclusion, we tried to make a translation faithful to the original. Results and Conclusion: Looking into this book, we can know that it is very detail in analyzing item by item, bright and simple in explaining and it is very useful in studying pulse evaluation(脈診). In his preface, Hwal Su(滑壽) expresses his opinion with firm confidence that 'Do(道) of the World scattered in several scholarships and books of method and technique(方術). Nothing of method and technique(方術 ) is more important than medicine. Nothing of medicine goes before pulse evaluation(脈診).' With such good reasons, as a student of sphygmology(脈學), I think this book is very valuable in studying pulse evaluation. So I add Hangul suffixes(吐) to a part of this book and translate it into Korean.