• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.264-274
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the meal types by cooking methods provided at different meal provision places using the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: A total of 42,441 meal data on adults from the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for analysis. The data were analyzed by complex sample $x^2-test$ of independence and complex sample logistic regression analysis using SPSS 23.0 for Windows. Results: The meal provision place showing the highest frequency was home (60.2%), followed by commercial (32.5%) and institutional foodservices (7.3%). The meal types by cooking method most frequently consumed were rices (18.3%) and kimchis (16.6%). The results of the complex sample logistic regression analysis showed that breads & snacks, steamed or braised dishes, fried dishes, and fresh seasoned vegetables were more likely to be consumed at commercial or institutional foodservices than at home. In addition, noodles & dumplings were more likely to be consumed at commercial places, and Korean soups were consumed at institutional foodservices. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is suggested to develop recipes for substitution of fried dishes and to develop low sodium recipes at commercial and institutional foodservices. In addition, education of consumers of commercial foodservice is needed to reduce consumption of fried dishes, salted seafoods, and pickled vegetables and encourage consumers to choose meals from institutional foodservice managed by dietitians.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

Objectives : Persicaria tinctoria belongs to the Polygonaceae family and it has been used as the natural dye traditionally. Also, it is well known that the Persicaria tinctoria is used for treating the following symptoms such as fever, inflammation and edema. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agent from various parts of Persicaria tinctoria.Methods : We investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the Persicaria tinctoria extracts. Antioxidant activities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, Fe²⁺ chelating activity and Reducing power of Persicaria tinctoria extracts. And its inhibitory effect against oxidative DNA damage was evaluated in non-cellular system using φX-174 RF I plasmin DNA. The anti-inflammatory effect of Persicaria tinctoria was measured by using the inhibitory efficacy for the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells.Results : The extracts from stem part showed better DPPH scavenging activity compared to those of the leaf and root extracts. Their IC₅₀s were measured as 7.17, 144.40 and 165.07 ug/ml, respectively. These results were similar to that of ABTS radical scavenging assay and reducing power. Also, Persicaria tinctoria showed the protective effects of DNA damage against oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of NO production in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions : These results showed that various parts of Persicaria tinctoria can be used as an effective source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents via antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.849-860
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• 2015

The anti-cancer activities of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (GC), Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai (UGP) and arsenium sublimatum (SS) extracts, which have been used Oriental medicine therapy for various diseases, were investigated. The treatment of GC, UGP and SS alone, and combined treatment with GC, UGP and SS did not affect the cell viability in the mouse normal cell lines (RAW 264.7 macrophages and C2C12 myoblasts). However, co-treatment with GC, UGP and SS markedly induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer AGS cells, but not in other various cancer cell lines (human lung cancer A549, colon cancer HCT116, liver cancer Hep3B and bladder T24 cells) as evidenced by formation of apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, and accumulation of annexin-V positive cells. Co-treatment with GC, UGP and SS effectively induced the expression levels of Fas and Fas ligand, and inhibited the levels IAP family proteins such as XIAP, cIAP-1 and survivin, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL proteins compared with treatment with either agent alone. Combined treatment also significantly induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was associated with the activation of caspases (-3, -8, and -9) and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, the cytotoxic effects induced by co-treatment with GC, UGP and SS were significantly attenuated by pan-caspases inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, indicating an important role for caspases. These results indicated that the caspases were key regulators of apoptosis in response to co-treatment of GC, UGP and SS in human gastric cancer AGS cells and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2013

This study conducted an empirical analysis on the hypothesis of structural relationship that the resources of diversification foodservice corporations develop into resource sharing about creating synergy on the basis of resource based view. Based on the questionnaire answered by 237 foodservice employees over three years, this study examined its validity and reliability by using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 for hypothesis. The result of study modelling were GFI=0.910, NFI=0.915, CFI=0.952, RMSEA=0.070 at the level of $x^2$=179.797(df=83, p<0.001). First, intangible resources 0.180(t=2.371, p<0.05), tangible resources 0.127(t=2.028, p<0.05) and human resources 0.263(t=2.542, p<0.05) of diversification foodservice corporations had positive effects on resource sharing. And resource sharing 0.264(t=3.158, p<0.001) had a positive effect on synergy. Also, between resource sharing and synergy identified moderating effects by synergy implementation cost.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.388-397
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• 2015

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)/H.265 is a new video coding standard which is known as high compression ratio compared to the previous standard, Advanced Video Coding (AVC)/H.264. Due to achievement of high efficiency, HEVC sacrifices the time complexity. To apply HEVC to the market applications, one of the key requirements is the fast encoding. To achieve the fast encoding, exploiting thread-level parallelism is widely chosen mechanism since multi-threading is commonly supported based on the multi-core computer architecture. In this paper, we implement both the Tile-level parallelism and the Frame-level parallelism for HEVC encoding on multi-core platform. Based on the implementation, we present two approaches in combining the Tile-level parallelism with Frame-level parallelism. The first approach creates the fixed number of tile per frame while the second approach creates the number of tile per frame adaptively according to the number of frame in parallel and the number of available worker threads. Experimental results show that both improves the parallel scalability compared to the one that use only tile-level parallelism and the second approach achieves good trade-off between parallel scalability and coding efficiency for both Full-HD (1080 x 1920) and 4K UHD (3840 x 2160) sequences.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-57
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect and mechanism of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang(GKHA) herbal acupuncture on induced rheumatoid arthritis model of DBA/1 mice. Methods : We check effect of GKHA extract on the AST, ALT, Creatinine, BUN of serum and cell viability of GK extract in RAW 264.7 cells to test the stability of this study. In vitro, we measure total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang, effect of GK extract on ROS(Reactive Ooxygen Species) production to estimate a anti-oxidant capacity, and we also measure effect of GK extract on NO (Nitric Oxid), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1, GM-CSF production in RAW 264.7 cells to estimate a anti-inflammatory efficacy. In vivo, we compare a rheumatoid arthritis manifestation between control and experimental group and estimate a AI. Then we check effect of GKHA on the level of WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte, monocyte in the blood to see the effect of immune cells in blood. In addition we measure effect of GKHA on the level of hs-CRP, IgM, IgG, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1, GM-CSF in serum. We observe effects of GKHA on imaging of cartilage degeneration using micro CT-arthrography in paw hind. And we calculate effects of GKHA that reduced BV ratio, BS/BV ratio using 3D Micro-CT. Lastly we observe effects of GKHA histopathologic examination analysis. Results : 1. The toxicity on liver and kidney was disregardable and the cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells was also disregardable. 1. Total phenol contents and total flavonoid contents in GK extract were in high level. 2. DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity were increased according to concentration of GK extract 3. ROS production was significantly decreased in GK extract (at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 4. NO, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1 production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). IL-17, GM-CSF production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-21 production were also decreased but there was no statistical significance. 5. 25x observation after H&E and M-T staining, infiltration of immune cells and subsidence of the cartilage and damage to the synovial cells were decreased. Conclusions : This study showed that GKHA extract had anti-oxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory efficacy. GKHA extract also had inhibiting effect on the process of rheumatoid arthritis and can protect joint and cartilage. So we expect that GKHA extract can be a meaningful treatment to rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.685-699
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has long been known as a medicinal herb effective in various diseases, including bronchitis and asthma, but is still more widely used for food. Fermentation methods are being applied to increase the pharmacological composition of PG extracts and commercialize them with high added value. This study examines the hydrolyzed and fermented PG extract (HFPGE) fermented with Lactobacillus casei in RAW 264.7 cells, and investigates the effect of amplifying the immune and the probable molecular mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS: HFPGE's total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin, and platycodin D contents were analyzed by colorimetric analysis or high-performance liquid chromatography. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Phagocytic activity was analyzed by a phagocytosis assay kit, nitric oxide (NO) production by a Griess reagent system, and cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas MAPK and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were analyzed by Western blots. RESULTS: Compared to PGE, HFPGE was determined to contain 13.76 times and 6.69 times higher contents of crude saponin and platycodin D, respectively. HFPGE promoted cell proliferation and phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 cells and regulated the NO production and iNOS expression. Treatment with HFPGE also resulted in increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand10, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and the mRNA expressions of these cytokines. HFPGE also resulted in significantly increasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results imply that fermentation and hydrolysis result in the extraction of more active ingredients of PG. Furthermore, we determined that HFPGE exerts immunostimulatory activity via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.257-264
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• 2013

In this study, we have designed the variable amplitude threshold algorithm that can enhance the accuracy of step count using variable amplitude. This algorithm converts the x, y, z sensor values into a single energy value($E_t$) by using SVM(Signal Vector Magnitude) algorithm and can pick step count out over 99% of accuracy through the peak data detection algorithm and fixed peak threshold. To prove the results, We made the noise filtering with the fixed amplitude threshold from the amplitude of energy value that found out the detection error was increasing, and it's the key idea of the variable amplitude threshold that can be adapted on the continuous data evaluation. The experiment results shows that the variable amplitude threshold algorithm can improve the average step count accuracy up to 98.9% at 10 Hz sampling rate and 99.6% at 20Hz sampling rate.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.844-853
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• 1990

We have performed 27 cases of orthotopic homologous cardiac transplantation using Korean mongrel dogs and one case of sham operation for the evaluation of harmful effect of cardiopulmonary bypass itself on the dog from April, 1989 to June, 1990. Our previous reports have already demonstrated basal hemodynamic and hematologic data on the canine homologous heart transplantation and the fundamental principles of transplantation of the heart. The mean body weight of recipients was 13.2$\pm$1.2kg with a rage of 11 ~ 15kg, and the hemodynamic and hematologic pictures were almost same as the result of previous reports from our hospital, except marked decrease in postoperative platelet count[from 3.18 $\pm$0.80x106/mm3 to 1.41$\pm$0 37x 106/mm3]. Mean survival time was 24.82$\pm$49.40 hours with the longest survival of 264 hours. Donor cardiectomy included coronary vasodilatation with diltiazem, potassium arrest, and the rapid cooling of the heart suspending in the specially designed ice-bath. Median sternotomy provided excellent exposure of the surgical field. 6 \ulcorner0 prolene suture was used for the anastomosis of both atrial cuffs and the great arteries, and we found the fact that stenosis, bleeding, thrombus formation around the anastomotic site could be decreased with the use of everted horizontal mattress suture techniques. Immunosuppression was done with a combination of lower dose Cyclosporin-A, Azathioprine, methyl-prednisolone, but our cases still showed too short survival to worry about graft rejection. Still poor was our quality control of experimental animal, we had much difficulties in postmortem evaluation of the dogs. Low cardiac output due to biventricular failure, intractable supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, postoperative massive bleeding, sepsis were most frequent findings that could be thought as a cause of death. A few cases showed subendocardial patch hemorrhage in both ventricular cavity or atrial septum at autopsy, suggesting acute subendocardial infarction. Although our team overcome most of the technical problems of orthotopic heart transplantation, we should pile up further knowledges about donor heart preservation, quality control of animal, infection, rejection, the effect of the cardiopulmonary bypass to improve the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.261-264
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• 2014

In this study, $Gd_2O_2S:Tb^{3+}$ was used as the component of the intensifying screen, and this study aims at analysis of fluorescent feature depending on the increase of tube voltage using spectrometer. When the released fluorescence was measured according to the increase of tube voltage, blue, green and red was observed, among which, $^5D_4-^7F_5$ which is applicable to green, was strongest. In addition, when the fluorescent of 50 kVp and 120 kVp were compared, 50 kVp was proved to release only 9.56% fluorescence of 120 kVp. In case when tube voltage which is higher than 100 kVp is used for the X-ray using $Gd_2O_2S:Tb^{3+}$ intensifying screen, the amount and strength of the fluorescence reaching the film increase drastically, so attention is demanded to get images of proper concentration.