• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2019

Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) or Purslane is an annual grassy plant that is distributed in many parts of the world, especially the tropical and subtropical areas. PO has some pharmacological properties such as analgesic, antibacterial, skeletal muscle-relaxant, wound-healing, anti- inflammatory and a radical scavenger. This review article is focused on the anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities of the PO. Anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant and Anti-tumor effects of PO were searched using various databases until the end of August 2018. The online literature was searched using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Our review showed that PO exerts its effects through anti-inflammatory properties and balancing the adaptive and innate immune system depending on situations. PO acts as immune-modulator and anti-oxidant agent in both inflammatory states by the dominance of Th2 response such as asthma, cancer and atopic dermatitis and evoked Th1 disorders including hepatitis and multiple sclerosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1009-1013
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• 2019

Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used for drug delivery due to their biodegradability property. Among the wide array of polymers, chitosan has received growing interest among researchers. It was widely used as a vehicle in polymeric nanoparticles for drug targeting. This review explored the current research on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) and the impact on the clinical applications. The antimicrobial activities of ChNP were widely reported against bacteria, fungi, yeasts and algae, in both in vivo and in vitro studies. For pharmaceutical applications, ChNP were used as antimicrobial coating for promoting wound healing, preventing infections and combating the rise of infectious disease. Besides, ChNP also exhibited significant inhibitory activities on foodborne microorganisms, particularly on fruits and vegetables. It is noteworthy that ChNP can be also applied to deliver antimicrobial drugs, which further enhance the efficiency and stability of the antimicrobial agent. The present review addresses the potential antimicrobial applications of ChNP from these few aspects.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2021

Collagen type I is the most abundant form of collagen in human tissues, and is composed of two identical α-1 type I chains and an α-2 type I chain organized in a triple helical structure. A previous study has shown that human collagen α-2 type I (hCOL1A2) promotes collagen synthesis, wound healing, and elastin production in normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). However, the biological effects of human collagen α-1 type I (hCOL1A1) on various skin properties have not been investigated. Here, we isolate and identify the hCOL1A1-collagen effective domain (CED) which promotes collagen type I synthesis. Recombinant hCOL1A1-CED effectively induces cell proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in HDFs, as well as increased cell migration and elastin production. Based on these results, hCOL1A1-CED may be explored further for its potential use as a preventative agent against skin aging.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

목적: 알칼리 화상 후 초기 임상적 손상반응의 진행과 치료를 위한 각막 재생의 이해를 높이기 위하여, 화학적 손상 후 동반하는 다양한 인자에 대한 면역조직화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 방법: 알칼리 화상을 입은 각막의 자가치유과정을 면역형광염색법과 H-E 염색, 그리고 TUNEL assay를 통해 면역조직화학적 측면에서 관찰하였다. 결과: 화상 후 각막의 치유는 진행되었지만 각막기질(stroma)과 내피세포의 세포사는 지속적으로 관찰되었다. 각막가장자리의 혈관신생과 손상된 각막의 ${\alpha}$-SMA의 발현은 알칼리 화상 3일 후부터 나타났으며, 각막기질에서의 콜라젠 III(collagen III)의 형성과 콘드로이친황산(chondroitin sulfate)의 발현은 ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin(${\alpha}$-SMA)와 transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$)의 발현증가와 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 각막혼탁을 막기 위해서는 알칼리 화상 후 3일 이내에 혈관신생, 콜라젠 및 콘드로이친황산의 형성을 억제하는데 주력하는 치료가 효과적일 것이라 사료된다. 이 연구는 알칼리 화상을 입은 각막의 치유과정에 있어서의 면역조직화학적 지식을 제공함으로써, 각막의 재생을 촉진하는 치료제의 개발과 이용에 초석이 되리라 사료된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2018

발생하는 간암 중 가장 주요한 형태인 간세포암은 강한 전이특성으로 인해 높은 재발율과 사망률을 보인다. Silymarin은 엉겅퀴에서 추출한 플라보노이드 성분으로 여러 암세포주에서 상피간엽전환(epithelial mesenchymal transition, EMT) 조절을 통해 항암효과를 보이는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 silymarin이 EMT의 조절을 통해 간세포암 세포주인 Huh7 cell의 침윤과 전이를 억제하는지를 분석하고자 하였다. Huh7 cell의 침윤과 전이 활성을 분석하기 위하여 wound healing assay와 in vitro invasion assay를 시행하였고 EMT 관련 유전자와 상위 신호전달물질의 발현 분석을 위해 Western blot assay를 실시하였다. 그 결과 silymarin은 농도 의존적으로 Huh7 cell의 침윤과 전이를 억제하였다. EMT 관련 유전자 중 세포 부착 단백질인 E-cadherin은 증가하였으나, 중간엽세포의 지표인 vimentin, 종양미세환경 조절에 관여하는 MMP-9의 발현은 억제되었고 이들의 활성에 관여하는 전사인자인 Snail과 nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ 또한 농도 의존적으로 활성이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 상위신호전달물질 중 silymarin은 phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt의 인산화 억제를 통해 EMT 관련 유전자들을 조절하는 것으로 나타났고 이것은 selective inhibitor인 LY294002의 처리 결과로 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로, silymarin은 PI3K/Akt 경로를 통해 EMT 관련 유전자의 발현을 조절함으로써 Huh7 cell의 침윤과 전이를 억제하는 것으로 생각된다. 이를 통해 silymarin이 간세포암의 전이 억제에 효과적인 항암물질의 후보가 될 수 있는 잠재력을 가진 후보물질이 될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2017

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a non-selective cation channel with modest permeability to calcium ions. It is involved in intracellular calcium signaling and is therefore important in processes such as thermal sensation, skin barrier formation, and wound healing. TRPV3 was initially proposed as a warm temperature sensor. It is activated by synthetic small-molecule chemicals and plant-derived natural compounds such as camphor and eugenol. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) has diverse pharmacological properties including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities. It is extensively used as an oriental herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether SC fruit extracts and seed oil, as well as four compounds isolated from the fruit can activate the TRPV3 channel. By performing whole-cell patch clamp recording in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV3, we found that the methanolic extract of SC fruit has an agonistic effect on the TRPV3 channel. Furthermore, electrophysiological analysis revealed that ${\gamma}$-schisandrin, one of the isolated compounds, activated TRPV3 at a concentration of $30{\mu}M$. In addition, ${\gamma}$-schisandrin (${\sim}100{\mu}M$) increased cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations by approximately 20% in response to TRPV3 activation. This is the first report to indicate that SC extract and ${\gamma}$-schisandrin can modulate the TRPV3 channel. This report also suggests a mechanism by which ${\gamma}$-schisandrin acts as a therapeutic agent against TRPV3-related diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.749-761
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• 2022

본 연구는 갯강활 추출물과 그 용매분획물의 항산화 및 암세포증식 억제효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 갯강활의 건조 시료를 차례대로 메틸렌클로라이드(CH₂Cl₂)로 2회, 그리고 메탄올(MeOH)로 2회 추출한 다음, 그 조추출물을 합한 후에 다시 용매극성에 따라 n-hexane, 85% 메탄올 수용액(85% aq.MeOH), n-buta- nol(n-BuOH) 및 물 분획층으로 분획하였다. 합해진 조추출물과 용매분획물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디칼과 peroxynitrite 소거능, 세포내 활성산소종(ROS) 생성, DNA 산화, NO 생성, 철이온 환원력(FRAP)에 의해 평가되었다. 조추출물은 모든 항산화활성검색 시스템에서 유의적인 항산화 활성을 보였다. 용매분획들 중에서는 n-BuOH 및 85% aq.MeOH 분획에서 우수한 항산화 활성이 관찰되었으며 이 활성은 시료의 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다. 이 뿐만 아니라 조추출물을 포함한 모든 시료들이 인간 암세포(AGS, HT-29, MCF-7, HT-1080)에 대한 세포 독성 효과를 보였으며, HT 1080을 이용한 wound healing assay에서도 농도 의존적으로 세포이동을 억제하였다. 시료 중에는 85% aq.MeOH 용매분획이 HT-1080 세포의 침입을 가장 효과적으로 억제하였다. 그러므로 본 연구결과는 갯강활을 이용하여 항산화제 및 항암제 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.374-380
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• 2016

Purpose: Patients with unresectable, relapsed, or refractory osteosarcoma need a novel therapeutic agent. Metformin is a biguanide derivative used in the treatment of type II diabetes, and is recently gaining attention in cancer research. Methods: We evaluated the effect of metformin against human osteosarcoma. Four osteosarcoma cell lines (KHOS/NP, HOS, MG-63, U-2 OS) were treated with metformin and cell proliferation was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis, and migration and wound healing assay were performed. Fourteen female Balb/c-nude mice received KHOS/NP cell grafts in their thigh, and were allowed access to metformin containing water (2 mg/mL) ad libitum. Tumor volume was measured every 3-4 days for a period of 4 weeks. Results: Metformin had a significant antiproliferative effect on human osteosarcoma cells. In particular, metformin inhibited the proliferation and migration of KHOS/NP cells by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and consequent inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. It also inhibited the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant KHOS/NP clone cells. Analysis of KHOS/NP xenograft Balb/c-nude models indicated that metformin displayed potent in vivo antitumor effects. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to explore metformin's therapeutic potential and the possibilities for its use as an adjuvant agent for osteosarcoma.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2017

Purpose: Oral wound healing requires gingival fibroblasts to respond to local growth factors. Epigenetic silencing through DNA methylation can potentially decrease the responsiveness of gingival fibroblasts to local growth factors. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the inhibition of DNA methylation sensitized gingival fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$). Methods: Gingival fibroblasts were exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza), a clinically approved demethylating agent, before stimulation with TGF-${\beta}1$. Gene expression changes were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. DNA methylation was detected by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and PCR amplification. Results: We found that 5-aza enhanced TGF-${\beta}1$-induced interleukin-11 (IL11) expression in gingival fibroblasts 2.37-fold (P=0.008). 5-aza had no significant effects on the expression of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Consistent with this, 5-aza caused demethylation of the IL11 gene commonly next to a guanosine (CpG) island in gingival fibroblasts. The TGF-${\beta}$ type I receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 impeded the changes in IL11 expression, indicating that the effects of 5-aza require TGF-${\beta}$ signaling. 5-aza moderately increased the expression of TGF-${\beta}$ type II receptor (1.40-fold; P=0.009), possibly enhancing the responsiveness of fibroblasts to TGF-${\beta}1$. As part of the feedback response, 5-aza increased the expression of the DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) (P=0.005) and DNMT3B (P=0.002), which are enzymes responsible for gene methylation. Conclusions: These in vitro data suggest that the inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-aza supports TGF-${\beta}$-induced IL11 expression in gingival fibroblasts.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2012

Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is a functional food material with several biological effects such as improving dry skin and wound and bone fracture healing. This study focused on the anti-photoaging effects of CTP on a hairless mouse model. To evaluate the effects of CTP on UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation in vivo, the hairless mice were exposed to UVB radiation with oral administration of CTP for 14 weeks. Compared with the untreated UVB control group, mice treated with CTP showed significantly reduced wrinkle formation, skin thickening, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin hydration and hydroxyproline were increased in the CTP-treated group. Moreover, oral administration of CTP prevented UVB-induced MMP-3 and -13 activities as well as MMP-2 and -9 expressions. Oral administration of CTP increased skin elasticity and decreased abnormal elastic fiber formation. Erythema was also decreased in the CTP-treated group. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that CTP has potential as an anti-photoaging agent.