• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

In this study, I would like to inquire about the composition of oegi(外機) on the hip and gable roof. Oegi purlin compose the basic member of framework of a hip and gable roof in both sides roof, supporting the inside end of the side rafter. However, the oegi purlin is not simply used to form hip and gable roof. The effects of using oegi purlin have the advantages of spatial. The spatial advantages are the width of the toekan(退間) increases as the oegi purlin escapes from column row and to increase the ceiling height by becoming a point of staying the ceiling. That reflect the desire to expand indoor space due to changes in worship behavior. Oegi purlin was used not only for structural needs, but also for altering in indoor space due to the changing times.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.41-56
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• 2011

This study mainly examined the unit space (room) called 'MARI' of the private houses that were built between the 19c and the early 20c in the insular areas of southwestern sea. Generally, this region has unique historicity (restructure of the insular environment in the 17c and the 18c) and geographic environment that are different from inland regions thus the environment is presumed as a related factor to developments and structures of the private houses. 'MARI' is a noticeable space that is installed in a main building without an exception even in small 3 bedroom private houses. Its nature has location and usage distinctions in an architectural plan with similar 'MARU' of inland Jeollanam-Do. There are large crocks filled with grains at MARI. Thus, MARI is a storage room. Mostly rice and various other kinds of grains are stored in the several crocks, large and small. Many household goods are kept here as well. Another peculiar function of MARI is that this space commonly enshrines ancestral tablets of three generations. Hence, MARI takes a role of a shrine of an aristocratic house from an inland region. Considering the size of the house and space, this seems to be a very unprecedented utilization of area. MARI is located at the top (at the head of the house) on the floor plan. In other words, it is located at the space in the highest rank. The importance of ancestor worship and grains is evinced architecturally. It is really interesting fact that MARI is also located within recently built modern houses (Cheongsan Island, Joyak Island, etc.). Therefore, it can be said that the unique MARI tradition of this region has an intact continuity even today. After all, MARI has a great significance as a unique unit space of insular areas of southwestern sea that is installed in the main buildings of all houses regardless of size and shape of the houses, and their insular locations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.521-536
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• 2016

In Catholic Cathedrals, the Liturgy space is central to the worship of the church and the player. The composition of the liturgical space affects the sensitivity of the worshiper. Because this sensitivity is connected with the faith, it is a very important consideration for planning elements. In this study, the light sensitivity of the elements that identify the most important factors in changing the devotion and in liturgical space was planned to emphasize the role of light. Understanding the meaning and importance of the liturgical space determine the spatial phase and role. Therefore, to analyze the functional and emotional properties of the light, the properties, roles and conditions of the light were organized. The data was analyzed as the target of sensitivity to light. Through the case studies of light, the effectiveness and adequacy as well as the application conditions could be understood. The results obtained in this study suggest a plan for light elements applied in the liturgical space.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.13-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of housing and domestic living conditions of Vietnamese individuals in Vietnam and Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, It was examined examined 22 Vietnamese households in Korea in relation to their usage of domestic space and also conducted the same investigation on 20 Vietnamese households in Vietnam. The following conclusion were established; 1) The majority of households in both countries preferred that the kitchen was close to the dining room and living room while a kitchen door was not deemed as necessary. 2) In Korea, washing machines are used in the bathroom space, while in Vietnam they are used outside or in a specially designated space. 3) The most uncomfortable aspect of home life in Korea was having the bathroom and toilet in the same space while in Vietnam they are separately spaced. It is recommended that house plans with separate bathroom and toilet area be made available for Vietnamese migrants. 4) Chairs were used in the sleeping area for eating, especially if guests were present, but the floor space was also used for eating. 5) Tile is a typical floor material in Vietnam while vinyl is popular in Korea. However, migrant workers were comfortable with both materials. 6) All 20 households didn't have any heating system in Vietnam but most migrants preferred a modified Ondol in Korea. 7) Most migrants took their shoes off while inside the house in Vietnam and Korea. Furthermore, the majority of households didn’t have any designated shoes space at the entrance to the house in Vietnam and most were satisfied with the same situation in korea. 8) Most households in Vietnam and Korea preferred to decorate their living room with various things or as a place of worship to their ancestors. The direction of house was an important element when deciding to buy or building houses in both countries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.151-161
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• 2013

This study which analyzed 4th century Constantinus basilica church architecture is on how the Roman basilica architecture became to christianized and christian architecture became romanized. Basilica architecture of Rome which has strong public characteristic had approach from various direction, especially it has formed inter communicable open space to center forum. Even though, the early christian church has became to bigger size on the process of domus ecclesia centered growth, but it has formed essencially unhierarchy community of home based, it also seemed to have loose religious community below hundred. The result of analyzing 22 of 4 century basilica churches had been shown that more than 60% of them were built on historical place such as tomb of martyr, nearly 70% of them were long axis type, the size of church showed up $3,200m^2$ of average total area. In conclusion, this study concluded the result of christianized showed closeness pursue holiness by separation from the secular world, and long axis it was revealed as mass for the procession ceremony of catholic church. The result of romanized occurred from the process that the basilica church abandoned the unhierarchy, small sizing, worship simplicity of early domus ecclesia characteristics and accept hierarchy, big sizing, worship formalism and complexity of Roman empire system in the roman basilica churches. Through this study it could be grasp that the romanized of early christianity bring not only the change of church architecture but also degeneration of christian itself.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

Today the worship of entertainment i.e television has created a situation of diminshing monumental environments with increasing leisure time. Let us examine retrospectively the characteristics of the Urban theater Architecture. Two aspects would stand out as Theater Architecture gets closer to the urban tradition or trends to make a part of a city come to life. One aspect is an introvert purity. The other is an extrovert organic structure on the edge of connecting urban scenary with anything hoping to find the renewable element which could be revived eternally in architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

This study is aimed to look into the craftsmanship non-educated constructors in Korean-style secondary stations(Gong-So) of Naepo region which is located in the northwestern Chungcheongnam-do. Although the area was persecuted as one of three cradles of Korean Catholicism, Catholic activities flourished there. The 13 cases of Korean-style secondary stations were selected through a survey report list about modern cultural assets of Chungcheongnam-do published in december 2004. This study examined the methods of plan layout and framework of Gong-So to look into craftsmanship of non-educated constructors, the results are as follows; The methods of plan layout are divided into three types according to existence and arrangement of inner column(Nae-Ju); 'Layout with Nae-Ju' is considered as the primary form of Korean-style Gong-So with using regular Nae-Ju. 'Layout with the different position of the center between Nae-Ju and exterior column(Oe-Ju)' and 'layout without Nae-Ju' is appeared in Korean-style Gong-So which is important to assembly and alter function. The methods of framework are appeared variously according to different plan layout for securing worship space. The unusal beam(Chung-Ryang) is used to solve different spans of altar and narthex. When space was formed widely without Nae-Ju, diagonal members and M letter type rafters are used, they are influenced by the technique of western wooden roof truss.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.4 s.21
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• pp.9-24
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• 1999

This study is on architectural characteristics of the existing ㅁ-shaped Yo-Sa with two stories in Buddhist temple. The Yo-Sa has had the function of space for not only monasticism but also living of buddhist priests and been one of the important spaces in Buddhist temple from the beginning of it. The Yo-Sa with two stories appeared mostly in the later Chosun Dynasty, so the origin of the Yo-Sa with two stories is thought that it might relate to the circumstances of temples in the later Chosun Dynasty. Having got in the period of Chosun Dynasty, Buddhism lost the power that he has enjoyed since Korea Dynasty was established and the economic power of temples as well. Because of a change for the worse, the Buddhist priests should manage with reduced income and combine many buildings with various functions into a singular to overcome their circumstances. Therefore a waekened economic power might be a primary factor which urged to change form of Yo-Sa from one-storied to two-storied. The ㅁ-shaped Yo-Sa with two stories have the Dae-Bang-Chae for worship, Seung-Bang for Buddhist's living room in the bottom floor and garnering spaces to store up the agricultural produce, miscellaneous article, etc in the top floor. The composition methods depend on the condition of the lay of land, intentional design, and so on. Therefore, the ㅁ-shped Yo-Sa with two stories shows the diversity of space composition and architectural characteristics.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

This study investigates and analyzes Catholic cultural traits in Gaudi's architectural designs on the assumption that the cultural identity of Spain has been built heavily on Catholic cultural tradition. Through examining thoroughly six residential buildings Gaudi designed, Catholic cultural traits were found in their interior ornaments, space formation, and expression of form. This study shows, first, that by making good use of interior ornaments, Gaudi sought to Catholic cultural uniformity among buildings that have different cultural characteristics. Second, with regard to space formation, he tended to build a chapel or an oratory inside structures which encouraged residents to worship in their home. Also, as for expression of form, his designs, expressing Catholic cultural features in various ways, succeeded to form visual uniformity among buildings and structures with a variety of styles. Lastly, by using properly Catholic cultural elements explained above and making those traits easily recognized even from a long distance, his architectural works represent very well the importance of Catholic culture as a foundation of Spain culture.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study has main purpose to understand the traditional house, not by outside researcher's but by inside dweller's view. The house in Geochang, is descendent house of Jeong-On who was faithful scholar at Chosen Dynasty. In order to understand, I restore firstly the house form and space at traditional era, 60 years ago, and every dwellers not only family members but also servants and guests, by interviewing old matriarch. One of the main rules of the house disposition is Ancester worshipping life. Worshipping floor of Anchae, main building, is located unusually in front of Shrine for Jeong-On, in order to connect all activities directly. Sarangchae, men's building, opened to the funeral mourners, is separated by a wall because women have to serve foods and wail at the backside. Space for everyday life is separated by man/woman, insider/outsider, master/subordinate. Agricultural production is also key factor of the space allocation: big storage buildings for rice crop needed to tenant farming. Both activities of ancestor worship ceremony and guest greeting need large kitchen annex area for food preparation and serving space of rear veranda floor. A number of guests visit the house: guest-greeting activity is taken place from the family pavilion, Neungheo-Jeong and Saranchae by the social position. This study show that architectural space and form of the house reflects exactly dwellers life.