• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2004

Mast cells and goblet cells have the ability to protect against parasites by increasing mucus production that traps and excludes worms and prevents their intimate contact with the gut mucosa in the host. In this study, we investigated the function of mast cells and goblet cells for the rejection of Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense). In addition, we used both C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice in order to examine whether mast cells and goblet cells function differentially according to the strains of mice. After an oral infection with 30 E. hortense metacercariae, the number of mucosal mast cells and goblet cells, as well as worm recovery rate, were observed in experimentally infected mice between 1 week and 8 weeks post-infection (PI). Worm recovery rates in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice were 65.7％ and 23％, respectively, in week 1 P.I., indicating that worm expulsion in C3H/HeN mice was higher than in BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrate that the period (week 3 P.I.) in which worm recovery falls rapidly is the same period that the number of goblet cells and mast cells reaches a peak. These results indicate that worm recovery significantly correlates with the growth rate of goblet cells and mast cells (P=0.0482). However, worm expulsion is not associated with goblet cells or mast cells in BALB/c mice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2000

Mucosal mast cell (MMC) responses and worm recovery rates in rats infected with Echinostona hortense were investigated from day 3 to day 56 post-infection (p.i.). Experimental infected group showed apparently higher number of MMC in each part of the small intestine than that of the control group. The number of MMC in the duodenum increased gradually after the infection and reached a peak on day 35 p.i. Thereafter, the number of MMC continued to decrease at a slow pace. The kinetics of MMC responses in the upper and lower jejunum were similar to that of the duodenum, but the number of MMC in the jejunum was lower. The worm recovery rate decreased with respect to time of which it was markedly reduced on day 49 and 56 p.i. The duration in which a high number of MMC appeared was similar to that in which a low rate in worm recovery was recorded . These results indicate dlat intestinal mastocytosis may play an important role in the expulsion of 5. hortense.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

In the intestinal mucosa, mast cells are thought to be responsible for the expulsion of parasites. We investigated the relationship of worm expulsion and mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma hortense. In addition, we examined whether the worm recovery rate was associated with the strain of mice, and whether a toluidine stain and immunohistochemistry using the c-kit antibody was effective in the detection of mast cells. In order to investigate the mucosal immune response of C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice, each mouse was infected orally with 30 E. hortense metacercariae. Then, the number of mucosal mast cells and worm recovery rates was observed in experimentally infected mouse strains between 1 week and 8 weeks post infection (PI). Mucosal mast cells were increased in 3 weeks P.I. in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice. On the other hand, only mucosal goblet cells and worm recovery rates correlated in C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0482). Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were 65.7$\pm$5.6, 53.3$\pm$5.4 and 6.7$\pm$0.6 in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and strongly decreased in week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in BALB/c mice were 23.0$\pm$2.5, 10.0$\pm$1.0, and 6.7$\pm$0.6% in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and gradually decreased from week 1 P.I. to week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were significantly higher than in BALB/c mice (P<0.00l). The number of mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice using the anti-c-kit antibody reached to a peak in week 3 P.I. and recovered as normal level in week 5 P.I. and 6 P.I. The number in E. hortense-infected C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0015) was higher than in E. hortense-infected BALB/c mice (P=0.01) compared with the control group. There were significant differences in the number of mast cells among regions of the intestine in in C3H/HeN mice (P<0.05) but not in BALB/c mice (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was significant method as an examination of the number of mast cells (P=0.0002). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that mast cells play an important role in worm recovery, and immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was superior to toluidine stain as an examination of mast cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

Mast cells and goblet cells have been known to protect the host against parasites. In this study, we examined the response of the mast cells and goblet cells over a period of 6 weeks in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice infected with Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense). In addition, we investigated whether the worm recovery rate of uninfected mice (the control group) or E. hortense-infected mice (the experimental group) was associated with the number of mast cells and goblet cells. The worm recovery rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. The number of goblet cells significantly increased in the experimental group of the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice compared with the control group of both strains (P<0.005). Worm recovery peaked 3 weeks after the infection of the C57BL/6 mice and at 2 weeks after the infection of the C3H/HeN mice, and it was higher in the duodenum than in the jejunum and ileum. However, the infected site in the intestine had no relation with worm expulsion. In the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice, the number of goblet cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.005). The number reached a peak 2 weeks after the infection and it even increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The increased number of goblet cells was retained 6 weeks after infection. The number of goblet cells was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice (P<0.01). These results indicate that goblet cells are related with the worm expulsion. Furthermore, immunohistostaining of the antral intestinal walls for lectin showed the significant increase of the number of goblet cells in the experimental group (P<0.001). The high infection rate in the duodenum was found during the early infection. An increased infection rate in the jejunum and ileum was found 3 weeks after infection and the infection rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, the present study indicates that goblet cells, rather than mast cells, may play critical roles in parasite expulsion.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1996

우리 나라 고유의 인체 기생 장흡충의 하나인 참굴큰입홉충(Gvmophono천es seoi) 피낭유충에 대한 방사선 조사가 실험적 종숙주인 C3H 마우스 감염 능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 관찰하였다. 유행지에서 굴을 채집하여 비조사 대조군 피낭유충 소사군 및 굴 조사군 등 3개 군으로 나누고, 각 군에서 얻은 피낭유충을 C3H 마우스 마리당 각각 100개씩 경구감염시킨 다음 7일째에 충체 회수율을 관찰하였다. 연구 결과, 피낭유충 조사군에서는 200 Gy 이상 조사시 대조군에 비해 유의하게 충체 회수율이 감소하였다. 생존 충체의 자궁 내 충란수는 50 Gy 이상 조사시 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 굴 조사군에서는 50 Gy 이상 조사시 충체 회수율이 유의하게 감소하였으며 50 Gy 이상 조사시 자궁내 충란수의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 굴에 200-1 000 Gy를 조사할 경우 참굴큰입흡충 피낭유충의 갈멸 효과가 뚜렷하였으며, 따라서 이 흡충증 관리 방법의 하나로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 전망하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) imaging findings and clinical symptoms of patients who complained of neurosensory disturbances after mandibular implant surgery, and to investigate the relationships of these parameters with the prognosis for recovery. Methods: CT scans were reviewed in 56 patients with nerve disturbance after mandibular implant surgery. Two oral radiologists classified the imaging findings into intrusion, contact, close, and separate groups according to the distance from the inferior border of the implant to the roof of the mandibular canal (MC). The symptoms of 56 patients were classified into 8 groups and the frequency of each group was investigated. Patients were categorized according to symptom improvement into no recovery and recovery groups, and the relationships of recovery with the CT classification and specific symptom groups were analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight of the 56 nerve disturbance cases showed improvement. The close and separate groups in the CT classification had a strong tendency for recovery (90.9% and 81.8%, respectively) (P<0.05). Although the lowest recovery rate was found in the intrusion group, it was non-negligible, at 50%. The 6 patients with a worm crawling feeling all improved, while the 8 cases with a tightening sensation showed the lowest recovery rate, at 12.5%, and the symptom of a tightening sensation occurred only in the intrusion and contact groups. Conclusions: The closer the implant fixture was to the MC on CT images, the less likely the patient was to recover. Regarding paresthesia symptoms, while a worm crawling feeling is thought to be a predictor of recovery, a tightening sensation appeared to be associated with a lower recovery rate.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1984

마우스에 대한 요꼬가와흡충 실험감염에 있어서 충체회수률 등 감수성(susceptibility)이 실험자에 따라 매우 다른 것으로 보고되어 있다. 저자등은 이것이 마우스 strain에 따른 차리일 것으로 생각하고 이 연구를 통하여 확인하고자 하였으며, 또 prednisolone 주입으로 숙주의 면역반응을 저하시킬 때 충체회수률이 어떻게 변동하는가를 관찰하고자 하였다. 요꼬가와흡충 피낭유충은 은어의 근육으로부터 분리한 것을 사용하였으며 마우스 5개 strain (A,DBA,CBH,CSTBL,KK) 총 60마리에 대해서 300개씩의 피낭유충을 감염시키고 1주일 후에 도살하여 충체회수률 및 충체의 크기를 측정하였다. 또 ICR계 마우스 29마리에는 각각 1,800개씩의 피낭유충을 감염시키되 그중 15마리에 대해서는 감염 1주전부터 도살시까지 격일로 prednisolone l0mg/kg를 주입하였고 각각 감염 6시간부터 35일까지의 충체회수율을 관찰하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 마우스 5개 strain에 있어서 감염성공률은 25.0∼83.3%의 범위에서 차이를 보였고, 충체국수률은 1.2∼18.9%, 나수충체의 크기는 평균 길이 0.554∼0.683mm, 폭 0.214∼0.244mm이었다. 이들 수치는 KK 및 CSTBL strain에서 다른 3가지 strain보다 높았으며 유의한 차리를 보였다. 2. ICR계 마우스에서 시간별로 관찰한 충체회률은 감염 1일이내에는 38∼66%의 높은 율을 보였으나 1일 이후에는 35일까지 0.7%이하의 낮은 회수률을 보였다. 그러나 prednisolone을 투여한 군에서는 감염후 21일까지도 16∼80%의 높은 충체회수률을 유지하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 마우스는 strain에 따라 요꼬가와흡충 감염에 대한 감수성이 다르다 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 감수성이 낮은 ICR계 마우스도 prednisolone을 주입하면 감염 3주까지 높은 충체회수률을 얻을 수 있음을 알게 되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense) is an intestinal trematode with the highest infection rate in South Korea. However, the immune response against E. hortense infection has not been explained well. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and histamine receptor antagonists on the cytokine expression and mucosal goblet cells in E. hortense-infected C3H/HeN mice. The alteration of cytokine mRNA expression ($TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-l{\beta},\;IL-4\;and\;IL-5$), intestinal worm recovery rate and goblet cell responses were measured weekly from 0 to 5 weeks post-infection (P.I.) in the control and the following three drug-treated groups: CsA, hydroxyzine and cimetidine. Compared with the control group, the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs decreased in the CsA- and hydroxyzine-treated groups, but only IL-4 mRNA expression did in the cimetidine-treated group. Worm recovery rate was significantly increased in the drug-treated groups. Mucosal goblet cells and their mucin response significantly decreased in the CsA-treated group (P<0.01), but significantly increased in the cimetidine- (P<0.05) and hydroxyzine- (P<0.01) treated groups. These data suggest that CsA treatment inhibits production of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines which are necessary for the worm expulsion. Histamine receptor increases goblet cells and their mucin activation, although it remains to be elucidated whether it directly affects the worm expulsion period of E. hortense in C3H/HeN mice.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2000

호르텐스극구흡충 피낭유충을 흰쥐 및 마우스에 경구 감염시킨 후 실험동물의 혈청 및 장액에 대한 IgA 및 IgE 항체가 변화 추이를 ELISA방법으로 비교 분석하였다. 감염 흰쥐에서 혈청의 경우 IgA와 IgE항체가를 대조군과 비교해 볼 때 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 장액의 IgA항체가는 감염 후부터 계속 증가하여 8주에서 최고치 (0.47$\pm$0.11)를 나타냈다. 감염 흰쥐에서 충체 회수율은 8주까지 계속 충체 수가 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 특히, 장액의 IgA 항체가 성적이 최고치를 나타낸 기간에 유의한 감소 성적을 나타냈다 감염 마우스 혈청에서의 IgA항체가는 감염 기간동안 계속적으로 증가하여 감염 8주에서 최고치 (0.45$\pm$0.01)를 보였으며, IgE의 경우는 감염 후부터 7주까지 증가하여 7주에서 그 최고치 (0.23$\pm$0.02)를 보였으나 그 이후 다시 감소되었다. 장액의 경우 IgA 항체가는 감염 후부터 증가하여 8주에서 최고치 (0.14$\pm$0.01)를 보였으며, 이는 혈청 IgA의 항체가 변화와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 감염 마우스의 충체 회수율은 감염 후부터 계속적으로 감소하였으며 7주와 8주에서 유의한 감소를 보였는데 (p＜0.05)이것은 장액에서의 IgA와 IgE, 혈청에서의 IgA의 항체가 최고치를 나타낸 기간과 일치하였다. 이상의 결과에서 호르텐스극구흡충 감염 마우스에 있어서, IgA 및 IgE 항체가의 유무는 충체의 배출(expulsion)에 일부 연관되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.241-246
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• 1985

우리나라 8개 농촌지역의 회충 감염율, 감염 량 및 기초산란율(basic reproductive rate)등 역학적 변수의 상관관계를 관찰함으로써 우리나라 회충감염 실태를 분석하였다. 이들 감염율, 감염량 등은 대변검사는 물론 pyrantel pamoate투여후 충체 회수결과에 의해 측정하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각 조사지역의 충체양성률(감염율)은 16.5~79.5%의 범위에 있었고 이것은 대변검사에 의한 충란양성률 3.3~66.7%보다 9~18%가 높은 수치이었다. 조사대상 주민의 평균 회충 감염량은 지역에 따라 0.21에서 8.44로 나타났고 개인별 감염량 분포는 'k'치가 0.38~0.54인 부이항분포(negative binomial distribution)를 보였다. 2. 이 조사에서 나타난 충체양성률은 Anderson과 May의 수식 $p=1-(1+M^{*}/k)^{-k}$ (p : 충체양성률, $M^*$ : 평형상태의 평균 감염량)에 의해 구한 이론치와 거의 일치하여 우리나라 농촌지역의 회충감염률과 감염량의 상관관계는 이 수식에 의해 매우 정확히 표현됨을 알 수 있었다. 또 회충 암컷 1마리가 평생 산출하는 무수한 충란중 다음 숙주에 성공적으로 감염되고 성숙되는 암컷의 수를 표시하는 기초산란을(R)은 지역에 따라 1.03에서 2.11까지인 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 'R'치가 1에 가까운 지역은 역학적으로 재감염의 breakpoin떼 도달하고 있는 것으로 판정되므로 회충 박멸이 매우 희망적이지만 전국적으로 'R'치가 1이하로 될 때까지 우리나라 회충관리사업은 계속되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.