• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-55
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• 1997

The European expansion in the later middle age, as Adam Smith stated, influenced greatly on development of the world history. In the various events of the European expansion the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus is very important because the effect of the discovery of the New World have still continued to the present. I have interested to find out the reason why the western civilization has seized on the hegemony of the world over other civilizations. As many scholars pointed out, the most distinguished difference between the western civilization and other civilizations is that the western civilization was maritime-oriented, while other civilization were continental-oriented. So I set up the maritime histoy on the theme of my study in order to ruminate upon meaning of the se-power that is one of the motivating forces to drive histoy. Maritime history is not simply about that is maritime affairs, but a branch of history that inquires into inter-relations between maritime affairs and inland affairs. Maritime history constitutes of history of naval war, history of shipping and history of marine development. As above reasons, I have interested the European expansion in the later middle age that maritime activity was the most vigorous in the history. This is a case study to compose maritime history.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2019

This paper aims to study on attribute of interaction between user from cultural capital perspective of Bourdieu who expanded the concept of capital and presented class production and reproduction through 'World of Warcraft' play and analysis. The results of this study is that First, game ability showed properties of cultural capital that embodied, objectified, institutionalized. Second, the types of interaction by difference of cultural capital appeared that lurking, reciprocity, exclusion. This study identified game ability have attributes of cultural capital and that Due to the nature of the interaction for 'Disticion', individual actions are related to the process of accumulating power and contribute to class reproduction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

Objectives: This study aimed at comparing Sasang constitutional medicine(SCM) with other constitutional theories of the world. Methods: From PubMed database, we first searched all papers using the term 'constitution', then filtered those having really constitution-focused papers. Then, they were analyzed to compare each constitutional theory and medicinal practice. Results: There were five constitution-related medicines which have been practiced in medical field: Sasang, iridology, somatotype, dermatoglyphics and Ayurveda. There was the largest number of scientific researches for dermatoglyphics while the smallest number of papers was for SCM. The other three constitutional theories were based on anatomic/histologic difference between types in contrast to SCM and Ayurveda, which relied on inherited functional differences of four or three internal organs. Conclusions: This study simultaneously compared five major constitutional theories currently practiced as medicines in the world. We found that even as SCM seems to have the most potential as therapeutic medicine it should be studied more using scientific methodologies to be a world-wide medicine.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.475-483
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the temporal and spatial characteristics of pass accuracy by utilizing the second processing data and official records collected from the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia video data. For a total of 128 games, the success rate of passes based on the results of the game, passing time, and passing position was two-way ANOVA with repeated measure. The results showed no difference between winning and losing groups, and no interaction effects were found for passing time and location. The difference in passing time was high in the first half, with the highest success rate in the middle of the first half (79.2%) and the middle of the second half (77.9%) in the 15~30 minutes and the 60~75 minutes. Pass success rates were in the order of defense-midfield area (83.9%), midfield-attack area (81.7%), defense area (70.6%) and attack area (61.1%). In conclusion, there was no difference in the passing success rate of the winning and losing teams depending on the characteristics of the relative competitive strength of the World Cup games, and it is believed that follow-up research is needed to analyze the game contents rather than the factors of the winning and losing in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

We have persistently constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (ERS and Qscat). They are available for users as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data together with heat flux components. Recently, a new version data of the Qscat/SeaWinds based on improved algorithm for rain flag and high wind-speed range have been delivered, and allowed us to reconstruct gridded product with higher spatial resolution. These products are validated by comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON, NDBC and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, together with numerical weather prediction model products such as the NCEP-1 and 2. Results reveal that the new product has almost the same magnitude in mean difference as the previous version of Qscat product and much smaller than the NCEP-1 and 2. On the other hand, it is slightly larger root-mean-square (RMS) difference than the previous one and NCEPs for the comparison using the KEO buoy data. This may be due to the deficit of high wind speed data in the buoy measurement. The high resolution product, together with sea surface temperature (SST) one, is used to examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.492-510
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• 2023

The metaverse, an expansion of the real world, refers to a three-dimensional virtual world where daily life and economic activities can be conducted through avatars. This study examines the effect of avatar identification on metaverse immersion, vicarious pleasure, and fashion brand item sharing intention by subdividing avatar identification into similarity identification, wishful identification, and embodied presence. In addition, it investigates the difference in the influence relationship between avatar identification, immersion, and vicarious pleasure according to the degree of fashion involvement. The total of 319 participants were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. The results showed that similarity identification, wishful identification, and embodied presence had significant impacts on immersion and vicarious pleasure, influencing sharing intention. There was also a difference in the effect of avatar identification on consumer responses depending on fashion involvement. This study provides theoretical implications for experiential marketing and presents practical suggestions for developing metaverse marketing strategies.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.155-184
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• 2014

The present study aims at exploring in detail the Buddhist worldview and aesthetics of humor in Jo O-hyeon's literary works. This includes the same context as an elucidation of the ways in which his poems closely correspond in expressive forms and thematic contents. It is because, in Jo's literary world, where short poems and prose poems form a contrast, the expressive forms and thematic contents sharply differ depending on the ways in which prajnapti (provisional designation) is either foregrounded or backgrounded. In his literary world, when such a view of language and a worldview based on prajnapti are foregrounded, works that either inherit or play a variation on the fixed structure of the sijo emerge; and when they recede to the rear and are backgrounded, verses in the form of the prose poem are formulated. In addition, in Jo's literary works, where such a worldview of prajnapti and an aesthetics of secular humor intersect together, the thoughts on bheda-abheda(difference-non-difference) and the madhyama-pratipad (middle way) are formed. Such thoughts have considerable significance because they not only harbor a possibility of deconstructing and overcoming the opposition of the sacred/profane but also present a vision of a new unity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic analyses of the women's pole vault skills difference between skilled group (1st to 8th place) and less skilled group (10th to 15th place) who participated in IAAF World Championships Daegu 2011. To achieve this goal, 16 women's pole vault player's kinematic analyses was conducted. Player's best performance was recorded by five normal video cameras operating at 60 Hz. The results of this study through the research procedures above are as follows. First, Skilled group's average step length and the ratio of step length to her height were longer than less skilled's group in run-up phase. Second, Skilled group's horizontal velocity was faster than less Skilled group's results. And pole plant angle was lower than less Skilled group's results in take-off phase. Third, Maximum pole flexion angle did not show difference of between two groups in pole bending phase. However, Skilled group's vertical velocity was higher than less skilled group's results.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2018

Exports play an important role in Korea's economy and industry. Korea's share in world trade is also increasing. Governments and trade organizations are making great efforts to promote exports. However, since SMEs lack resources of enterprises, SMEs have a lot of difficulties in increasing exports compared to large enterprises. For this reason, in this study, we analyzed the difference of perception of export difficulties according to characteristics of small and medium export companies. As a result, four factors such as overseas market information, price and cost, competitiveness and regulation of importing country were derived. In addition, we investigated the differences in recognition of export difficulties by the stage of growth of company, period of export, products exported, export department, size of company. There was a significant difference in recognition. Especially, The companies which are the early stages of growth, short export period, finished product, the smaller the size of exports companies are more difficult in export difficulties.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

The speed difference in mountainous area is known causing traffic conflicts and accidents. Thus, climbing lanes have popularly been installed in mountainous roads around the world. In the present paper, vehicle speeds within and around climbing lanes of Ho-nam and Jung-ang expressway were collected and evaluated. The evaluation was performed in terms of coefficient of variations which represent dispersion of vehicle speed in climbing lanes. Results show that speed dispersion is more significant at segments before and after climbing lanes than those within climbing lanes. The estimated accident risk was evaluated using The Solomon's u-shaped curve. It was identified that the accident risk is also a lot significant at the same segments as much as 2.2 times greater than those of climbing lanes.