• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the health risk of workers exposed to butyl glycidyl ether to prevent them from developing occupational diseases. Methods: The workplaces that coat floor with epoxy were selected and the samples were collected and analyzed with NIOSH 1616 Method. We calculate workplace reference concentration using with NOAEL estimated by the study of Anderson et al. in 1978. Risk was calculated by the ratio of exposure to workplace reference concentration. Monte-Carlo simulation was performed to derivate the median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value by using Crystal Ball. Results: Butyl glycidyl ether is a skin, eye irritator and can result in central nervous system depression, allergic reaction. NOAEL was 38 ppm and workplace reference concentration was calculated as 0.73 ppm corrected with uncertainty factors. Geometric mean was 1.152 ppm and geometric standard deviation was 1.522 by the workplace environment measurement. The median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value of risk were calculated as 1.617, 1.934, and 2.092, respectively. Conclusions: Not only cumulative 90% and cumulative 95% value but also the median of risk is higher than 1.0 by the risk characterization, so it can do a lot of harm to workers. Therefore, the process of derivating workplace reference concentration and the appropriacy of the uncertainty factors should be re-examined.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between the levels of hippuric acid in blood plasma (HAP) and those of toluene concentration in the workplace air. Methods : Study subjects were composed of two groups; 21 workers who were occupationally exposed to toluene and 25 rural-area residents who were not exposed to any known occupational toluene source, as an exposed group and a reference group, respectively. Mean age and work duration of the exposed was 42 years and five years, respectively. Mean age of the reference was 42 years. To determine toluene concentrations in the workplace air, air sampling has been conducted for more than six hours using a personal sampler, and analyzed by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Concentrations of hippuric acid in biological samples were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. Results : Geometric mean(geometric standard deviation) of HAP and hippuric acid in urine(HAU) for the exposed was 1.39(2.21) mg/L and 2.77(1.46) g/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the reference [HAP, 9.45(2.94); HAU, 0.37(0.45)]. Teluene concentration in the workplace air was 86.92(range: $45.18\sim151.23$)ppm. The level of HAP or HAU was significantly correlated (r=0.70 and r=0.63, respectively) with that of toluene in the workplace air. The estimated regression equation was logHAP(mg/L)=-3.60+1.93 log(toluene, ppm) or logHAU(g/L)=-0.85+0.67 log(toluene, ppm). The magnitude of correlation was further enhanced when analyzing relationship between toluene concentrations lower than 100 ppm and its corresponding HAP levels. Conclusion : Overall, plasma hippuric acid levels were well correlated with toluene concentrations in the workplace air, and a statistically significant correlation was observed for the samples with toluene concentration lower than 100 ppm.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

Airborne chlorpyrifos concentrations in formulation workplaces have not been determined in Korea. The aim of the study was to evaluate chlorpyrifos concentrations of air in a formulation workplace and recognize the RBC cholinesterase activities for the formulation workers. 30 air samples (personal or area sampling) were collected and bood samples from 10 workers were collected for RBC chlorinesterase (RBC AChE) activity in a factory on May 2008. Air samples were collected by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method and were analyzed by GC-MS. Airborne chlorpyrifos concentrations ranged from 0.003 to $12.90mg/m^3$ and geometric mean (GM) was $0.15\;mg/m^3.$ Compared to Korean Occupational Exposure Limit (KOEL) of 0.1 (2011) or $0.2\;mg/m^3$ (2008), at 95% confidence, airborne concentrations exceeded the KOEL 69.7% or 56.1% of the time or less, indicating that this concentration level was unacceptable according to exposure assessment using a LogNorm2$^{(R)}$. Since the workers were continually at work on the organophosphate or carbamate pesticides formulation, individual baseline for RBC AChE activity was not determined. As the results of comparison with reference average value of RBC AChE activity, it was found that a worker was below 70% RBC AChE activity and five workers were abnormal.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

The past five years, industrial accidents due to food processing machinery have been occurred 725 cases, injury by the food cutter occurred 390 cases in its. On this study, to prevent food cutter injury, an attempt is made to present the improved documentation of fundamental safety of the food cutter workplace through the injury analysis of food cutter injury and surveys on band saw machine business field. Analyzing the result of 390 cases on food cutter injury, amputation, cut, puncture occupied 75.1 percent (293 cases), compressed occupied 23.3% (91 cases), also it showed constant component without reference to gender, age, scale of work place, service period. In the survey, lack of concentration for workers have been pointed out as the biggest factor in the cause of band saw machine injury. Meanwhile, such as the EU and Japan, whereas presents safety standards about band saw machines that are tailored to each country, on the other hand, South Korea doesn't provide the standards. To prevent the food cutter injury, safety standards need to be established in consideration of amputation, cut, puncture, compressed injury and financial support is required to procure protective equipment at each place of business.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.113-132
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• 2016

소비자에게 형성된 심상 분석을 통해 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 주로 활용되고 있는 포지셔닝(Positioning) 기법은 공공시설, 기업, 대학이 공중에게 주는 이미지 분석을 비롯해 다양한 영역에서 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 문헌정보학과 학생이 직장으로서 도서관 정보센터에 대하여 가지고 있는 이미지를 포지셔닝 기법을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생들은 공공, 대학, 학교, 국가도서관을 유사한 이미지의 직장으로 인식하는 반면, 포털과 전문도서관은 이들과는 이질적인 진출처로 인식하고 있었으며, 직무에 있어서는 이용자봉사업무와 기술업무, 문화프로그램 업무를 각각 상이한 직무 군집으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 만족스러운 업무와 고용안정성이라는 이미지는 국가도서관과 공공도서관이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 보수가 가장 높을 것으로 기대되는 곳은 포털 업체, 성장가능성이 가장 높을 것으로 기대되는 곳은 전문도서관으로 포지셔닝되었다. 한편, 학생들이 가장 중요하게 생각하는 직장선택준거는 고용안정성으로 나타났으며, 가장 선호하는 직장으로는 공공도서관이 선택되었는데, 이러한 공공도서관 선호 집중 현상은 수도권대학보다는 지방대학 학생들에게 더욱 강하게 나타났다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

Objectives: Currently, there is only limited knowledge regarding the hazard of low-level exposure to CMR materials in workplaces. To overcome this limitation, a reference concentration for workers($RfC_w$) from among the risk assessment tools proposed by the US EPA is widely used to set a provisional workplace exposure level(PWEL) for CMR materials for which there are no established Korea Occupational Exposure Limits(KOELs) or subjective chemicals for work environment measurements as regulated by Korea Ministry of Employment and Labor(KMOEL). A simple European calculator of derived no effect level(SECO-DNEL) as proposed by REACH can also be used in place of $RfC_w$ to set the PWEL for chemicals. This study was performed to test the acceptability of using SECO-DNEL as an alternative to $RfC_w$ when setting a PWEL for low-level exposures. Methods: The $RfC_w$ and DNEL for the five CMR materials of dinitrogen oxide, catechol, 2-phenoxy ethanol, carbitol, and carbon black were calculated using the dose-response assessments of the US EPA for $RfC_w$ and REACH guidance for SECO-DNEL, respectively. They were compared using paired t-tests to determine the statistical differences between them. Results: For the five chemicals, the $RfC_w$ were 2.53 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 1.73 ppm, 1.66 ppm, and $0.05mg/m^3$, respectively, while the SECO-DNEL were 2.01 ppm, 0.11 ppm, 1.83 ppm, 1.77 ppm, $0.14mg/m^3$, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between $RfC_w$ and SECO-DNEL. Conclusions: This study suggests that the SECO-DNEL could be applied in place of $RfC_w$ to set a PWEL for low-level exposure to chemicals, especially CMR materials. To further ensure the reliability of SECO-DNEL as an alternative tool, more chemicals should be applied for calculation and comparison with $RfC_w$.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1994

활성탄관을 이용한 작업환경 공기중 유기용제의 시료채취는 여러 가지 어려운 점이 있으나 확산형 시료포집기는 이러한 점을 보완하는 새로운 포집기이다. 따라서 본 연구는 확산형 시료포집기가 혼합 유기용제를 사용하는 사업장을 대상으로 확산형 포집기와 활성탄관을 이용, 한 근로자에 대하여 동시에 각 1개씩, 총 181개의 시료를 포집하여 활성탄과 어떠한 차이가 있는 가를 확인하며, 고전적인 활성탄관 시료채취법을 대신할 수 있는 가를 확인하기 위하여 시도한 바 몇가지의 결과를 얻어 보고하는 바이다. 1. 활성탄관 시료포집기에 비하여 확산형의 시료포집기는 톨루엔(toluene), 키시렌(xylene) 등의 방향족 화합물은 다소 높은 농도를 나타내나 전반적으로 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 2. 엠이케이(methyl ethyl ketone)와 시크로헥사논(c-hexanone)에 대하여 확산형 포집기는 적어도 저농도(허용농도의 1/8 및 1/10 이하농도)에서 활성탄관에 비하여 약 2배 정도 높게 측정되었다(p<0.01). 그러나 공기중 엠이케이와 시크로헥사논의 농도가 증가함에 따라서 확산형의 포집효율은 활성탄관 보다 적은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 활성탄관의 측정치(B)를 1.00으로 하였을 때 확산형 포집기(A)의 측정치 비(A/B)는 톨루엔의 경우 1.11, 키시렌은 1.07, 엠이케이는 1.63, 시크로헥사논은 3.65배 였다. 4. 활성탄관과 확산형 포집기에서의 측정치 비가 0.75-1.25 범위(${\pm}25%$)에 드는 것은 톨루엔 57%, 키시렌 74%였으며, 엠이케이 34%, 시크로헥사논은 약 32%에 불과하였다. 5. 활성탄관과 확산형 포집기에서의 측정치 간의 각 유기용제 별 상관은 톨루엔 0.963, 키시렌 0.957, 엠이케이 0.943, 시크로헥사논은 0.562로서 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다.