• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 1998

For the newly approach of policy with the old aged era at hand, the result which examines the 1,200 students attending professional colleges and upward in three small-to-medium sized cities, for two months, from October 1, 1996 to November 30, in order to know the change of consciousness of the growing modern young intellectual age group is as follows. 1. The objects of survey consist of 72.1% of women, 40.4% of 20 to 21 age, 49.1% of atheists, and people from big cities and fishing and agrarian village occupy equally 40.2%. Concerning the long-termed residents, 49% of them dwell in big cities. In case of the parents' age is more than 55, 31.5% in fathers, and 10.9% in mothers. 2. The types of housing in which they desire to reside in their getting older are : 72.8% of them hope to live in individual houses, 16.6% in apartments or villas, and 3.4% in social welfare facilities. Out of respondents, compared with other groups, man rather than woman, those who are 20 to 21 age group and from fishing and agrarian villages and have over 7 family members and live with their parents have a higher preference for independent houses. 3. The districts in which they hope to live when they are old are : 41.6% of them, with the highest percent, hope to live in farming villages, the older they are, the more they hope to live in agricultural district, and women of 21 years and upward hope to live in big cities. On the other hand, the preferable degree for social welfare facilities is higher each in people who are 24 years and upward, buddhists, self-boarding students, and the more poorly they are off, the higher the percent is. 4. The types of preferable welfare facilities for the elderly are : 58.2% of them think silver towns desirable, 28.4% think the charged (or free) elderly welfare facilities. Compared with other groups, the percentage which prefer silver towns is higher in women, people from big cities, residents of main family, long-termed city residents, people with higher income, people having grandparents alive, and people who had experience of taking lectures on hygienics or social welfare. 5. 50.3% of the respondents insist that provision of living expenses against old age should be insured by social security system, and 42.8% by the elderly themselves. The percentage of the former shows higher in people of 21 years and upward, women, residents of fishing and agrarian villages, christians, people in more needy circumstances and people who have experience of using a medical institution. 6. Compared with other nations, 54.5% of the respondents have an opinion that elderly welfare and welfare work in Korea stays in insufficient level and most of them are women, people from farming village, residents of head family, people having younger parents and people being worse health condition, and they have a more positive attitude about the elderly welfare work. 7. 92.3% of the respondents answered that a national budget for the elderly welfare is scarce, and the percentage is higher in people who are older, residents of big cities, people in lower living condition and people in worse health condition. 8. 35.2% of the respondents answered that the proper cost of their old age must be over 220mi11ion. The more a family's total income is, the higher the percentage is. 9. The factors which have an effect on the preference of silver towns are sex(p<0.01, the type of the present residence(p<0.05), and a family's total income(p<0.05). 10. From the survey result of the above, we comes to the conclusion that, for the sake of welfare of the increasing elderly population, government authorities and parties concerned must exert their utmost for the elderly welfare by increasing a budget of it and establishing a number of facilities of the elderly welfare and silver towns located in fresh and comfortable villages. In addition, they have to set up a course of hygienics in all the colleges and instruct the contexts on hygienic welfare as well.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.7-29
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• 2010

Young Tolstoy, when he was an already well-known writer, accomplished his first overseas travel in 1857, which gave him imaginable opportunities to compare his country's social strata with others such as serfdom, monarchical Russia and industrial and capital Europe. The present story is, indeed, the work which is influenced by those experiences by young Tolstoy during his first journey into Europe. Written in the form of booklet-like-small-piece, rather than an artistic work, the text presents the writer's severe criticism on the world of nature and civilization. Close to the nature itself, narod are those common people for Tolstoy, and they represent love, while the nature creates a necessity to love, hope and bottomless happiness of life. On the contrary, the civilized or civilization itself is considered artificial, willy, reasonal, and erotic congruity among people. For the writer, the most unsafe and ugly, seamy side of the westernized society is a lack of necessity to unify people to people. Though in its early embryonic stage, young Tolstoy's worldview is reflected in this work, especially his sharp tongue on the western people and their society is also detected when the write imposes his message under the mask of a gypsy singer. In addition, the narrator who seems an obvious Tolstoy's mouthpiece delivers his own ideas and impression on the western world, history, art, and literature. For this very reason, the present work contains numerous signs from which the reader is able to interpret, understand, and figure out what young Tolstoy imposes for his work.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.147-154
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• 2007

This study places a great emphasis on the approaches to the space environment we inhabit, which I hope will contribute to generating a number of creative possibilities. Looking into 'site-specificity' which is characteristic by public art in public space method based on Daniel Buren's works 'in situ', this study analyze the relationship between the public space and works of art as a perspective of public art. The characteristics of his 'in situ' works that intervened works exist as space consisting of serial factors not simply art-object, and they suggest 'site Is a work'. The case study of Daniel Buren's public art project represented the results, the site marketing and serves as a guideline for the future of true Art/Space experiments. This study verifies the need for the arts and the space to work together in order to develop more creative and conceptual approaches to innovation and presentation. This cooperation is the continuation of space design by other means.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.305-331
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• 2009

This year I published a Korean translation of On War in three volumes, written by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz. I believe it is the first unabridged Korean translation from the original German text, Vom Kriege. It is true that the work has been translated into Korean several times, but some translations have been done from English or Japanese versions, while others are abridged ones. It is not easy to make a good translation of On War, partly because the book is actually an unfinished work, and partly because it contains almost all academic subjects in social sciences. Moreover, two aspects of the dialectical logic in the book make it more difficult to understand. One is inductive reasoning, the other is deductive explanation. The former is to 'ascend' to draw principles and generalizations from empirical experience, the latter is to 'descend' to describe and explain given principles, often by concrete examples. Considering these difficulties, if we want to have better translations than existing ones, there should be substantial commentaries which contain not only history of wars, but also biographies and geographies concerned. I hope that On War can be taught and studied in many universities, for it will make it easier to produce reliable commentaries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

In the rural communities in less-favored areas (mainly hilly and mountainous areas) in Japan, the number of settlements which cannot maintain the community functions by themselves has been increasing because of the progress of depopulation and aging, so the necessity for achieving mutual supplementation of the community function by the settlement reorganization has been increasing. This paper consists of the following three points. 1) General view of settlement reorganization policy in Japan. 2) Case study of the T district in Japan. 3) Possibility of the settlement reorganization by the policy measures which obligate community members to work together. Main results are as follows. 1) There are several settlement reorganization policy measures, but many are still the model project stage, and not yet spread, so it is necessary to wait and see how these measures will develop. 2) The number of the residents of small-scale aging settlements who do not hope for the reorganization, nor feel the necessity of reorganization shall not be few. This will make great difficulty in the settlement reorganization process. 3) A local area activity promotion conference which derives from a former administrative unit like a former village has many functions to the settlement reorganization. 4) In the rural communities in less-favored areas, the policy measures which obligate community members to work together have widely spread. These are expected to play the supplemental role for the settlement reorganization. It is necessary to discuss among residents the activation plan and the future vision of the community, as well as to discuss the settlement reorganization.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.171-206
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the experience how children are receptive to their parents' imprisonment, adaptation from their painful experience and crisis. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, six youth participants were selected. We carried out in-depth individual interviews and the collected data from the interviews and the case study were analyzed. The commons subjects are like 'Sudden separation and shock', 'Glad to be unhappy', 'Wretched my life', 'The way of the far-away meeting', 'The one who gave me hope', 'Live my life'and so on. Based on the result of this study, policy and practical guideline were discussed and suggested to help children of the incarcerated in addition to the limitations of the study and the recommendations for further study.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.185-216
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• 2011

This work shows dynamism of empathy which Thailand experienced while its monarchy was replaced by democracy with conflicts and harmony. In this work, two imaginary protagonists are put into the most important period in Thai history, from the political reform of the absolute monarchy in 1932 up to Black May in 1992, for 60 years. With the writer's imagination, they are actualized into the historically important situations with reality. One of them is Yeoy, a dissident and the other is a police officer, a concenter, who chases after him. In this dissertation, empathy is analyzed which the characters feel about real incidents in their country through trust and doubt, hope and anger. This research on emotional circumstance is all about figuring out the direction for harmony and coexistance. Thailand needs a powerful leader who deals with swiftly changing worldwide affairs and domestically economic matters. Even if their leader has the same destination to get to, their approach to it is different from each other. Therefore, conflicts come out and misunderstanding makes situation worse. Public sympathy among Thai is that Thailand contribute to global mutual prosperity, by which Thailand becomes a powerful and influential state in making the world harmonious and prosperous.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

Generative AI has arrived and it's here. Education, research, industry, and labor are all on edge about the changes it will bring. It is noteworthy that while there is a wide range of optimistic and pessimistic predictions about the impact of generative AI, there is more concern than hope when it comes to education. This paper focuses on the lack of discussion on the impact of AI in higher education. First, we reviewed the process of the emergence of generative AI and introduced how the impact of AI is being understood from various perspectives. Second, we classified work areas based on expertise and efficiency and analyzed the impact of AI on work in each area. Finally, the study found that the educational perception of generative AI and the way it is perceived for engineering education purposes can be very different. It also argued that there is a lack of active discussion and debate on areas that need to be specifically discussed around generative AI. This has led to a phenomenon known as professors' delayed indifference. We emphasized that it is time for a serious and realistic discussion on the connection and integration of AI and education.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1959-1974
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• 2024

Nuclear energy plays a crucial role in energy supply in the 21st century, and more and more Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) will be in operation to contribute to the development of human society. However, as a typical complex system engineering, the operation and development of NPPs require efficient and stable control methods to ensure the safety and efficiency of nuclear power generation. Reinforcement learning (RL) aims at learning optimal control policies via maximizing discounted long-term rewards. The reward-oriented learning paradigm has witnessed remarkable success in many complex systems, such as wind power systems, electric power systems, coal fire power plants, robotics, etc. In this work, we try to present a systematic review of the applications of RL on these complex systems, from which we believe NPPs can borrow experience and insights. We then conduct a block-by-block investigation on the application scenarios of specific tasks in NPPs and carried out algorithmic research for different situations such as power startup, collaborative control, and emergency handling. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities of further application of RL methods on NPPs and detail the challenges when applying RL methods on NPPs. We hope this work can boost the realization of intelligent NPPs, and contribute to more and more research on how to better integrate RL algorithms into NPPs.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to verify the differences of expressed character strengths graded as per the Korean Strength Scale, based on the type of work. Methods : A total of 2,444 conglomerate workers were classified into two groups: 1,356 office workers and 1,088 production workers. The subjects were examined through a web or mobile application based on the Korean Strength Scale. The Korean Strength Scale consists of a total of four top entries and 25 sub-items with appropriate validity. Results : The difference in the average score of sum of character strengths between the two groups was not significant. In the office worker group, character strengths such as love of learning, creativity, perspective, curiosity, facilitation, judgment and faith had significantly high scores. On the other hands, modesty, hope, gratitude, sincerity, magnanimity and self-regulation were high in the production worker group. The results remained unchanged in additional analysis of covariants as sex, age and education level, except for self-regulation and faith. Conclusion : Our results suggest significant differences in the character strengths between the two types of work; however, the average of sum of character strength score remains unchanged. These results may help to understand differences between work environments and thus help to establish a positive foundation.