• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.428-435
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• 2022

Objectives: The Indonesian Ministry of Health launched isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in 2016, with general practitioners (GPs) at the frontline of this program. However, the extent to which GPs have internalized this program remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge and attitudes of GPs towards the IPT program in Indonesia. Methods: This study used an online, self-administered questionnaire distributed via e-mail and social messaging services. A logistic regression model was employed to identify the explanatory variables influencing the level of knowledge and attitudes toward IPT among GPs in Indonesia. An empirical analysis was conducted separately for each response variable (knowledge and attitudes). Results: Of the 418 respondents, 128 (30.6%) had a good knowledge of IPT. Working at a public hospital was the only variable associated with good knowledge, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 2.81). Furthermore, 279 respondents (66.7%) had favorable attitudes toward IPT. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, good knowledge (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.89), 1-5 years of work experience (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.60), and having experienced IPT training (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.93), were significantly associated with favorable attitudes. Conclusions: In general, GPs in Indonesia had favorable attitudes toward IPT. However, their knowledge of IPT was limited. GPs are an essential element of the IPT program in the country, and therefore, adequate information dissemination to improve their understanding is critical for the long-term viability and quality of the IPT program in Indonesia.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.284-298
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• 2007

This study was performed by a comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 103 dietitians and 166 non-dietitians working in the Chonnam area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows: Dietitian group ($15.17{\pm}3.88$) scored significantly (p<0.0001) higher than non-dietitian group ($13.34{\pm}3.31$) in nutrition knowledge. Dietitian group ($69.58{\pm}10.67$) scored significantly higher on dietary attitudes than the non-dietitian group ($63.97{\pm}11.18$). The correlation between nutritional knowledge scores and dietary attitudes scores were statistically significance on job, age ($20{\sim}39$), education level (below university), marital status and work experience ($2{\sim}5$, above 10). The dietitian group was significantly higher than the non-dietitians in body weight and BMI of anthropometric data. The prevalence of obesity was 5.8% from the dietitian group and 6.6% from the non-dietitian group when judged by BMI and therefore obesity rate was significaltly (p<0.001) different between the two groups. In case of the dietitian group, the average intake of vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, vitamin E, phosphorous, zinc were above the Korean RDA whereas the average intake of vitamin C, calcium, iron, folic acid were below the Korean RDA. The average intake of most nutrients, except vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, phosphorus, were below the Korean RDA in the non-dietitian group. Therefore the non-dietitian group needs nutrition education in order to improve their nutritional status.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information for the improvement of housewives consciousness and satisfaction of household work by analyzing the data regarding the housewives consciousness and satisfaction toward household work. The research problems was described as follows; 1) How independent variables influence the housewives consciousness of household work. 2) How independent variables influence the satisfaction of household work. 3) How relate the housewives consciousness and the satisfaction of household work. The research was conducted on 354 housewives in Seoul during the end of January and the beginning of March, 1986. As for the measurement of the instrument, questionnaire with 46 items was made by investigator. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and t-test, F-test, Scheffe-test, Pearson-r. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Among the independent variables, the ages of housewives, durations of marriage, psychologica satisfaction were variables to have influence on the housewives consciousness towark household work. 2) Among the independent variable,s the socio-economic status, durations of marriage, psychological satisfaction were variables to have influence on the satisfaction of household work. 3) There were strong positive correlationship between the housewives consciousness and the satisfaction of household work. As a result, it is necessary to minimize the repetition and the overload of house-hold chores through the rationalization of household work and also to divide householdwork properly to family members. We let the housewives feel that her ability can be obtained from the household work. Especially the housewives must have a clear and a high level of consciousness of the household work an expect to receive high value of her household work from the family members. In order to do so, it seems to be important that housewives makes on great effort to have a positive value system and attitudes toward the consciousness and satisfaction of household work. We also must develop those factors through school and home education.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.181-193
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• 2014

The environment of supply chains is rapidly changed to global and eco-freindly work process. However, at current environment, it is not easy to grasp work flow and to analyze energy efficiency. Improving energy efficiency and visibility for goods flow can contribute to increases in customer attitudes and reductions in overall production costs Additionally, it can lead to increases in work efficiency and reductions in overall production costs. Until recently, efforts to improve energy performance focused on manufacturing industry. Those efforts have expanded to the supply chain. In this paper, we perform business process modeling about supply chain for visibility and sustainability - information and component flows - from assembly plants to logistics. This paper defines the work and information flows by modeling the underlying logical structures of the supply chain and the business processes that determine impact of visibility and sustainability. We model processes using the modeling methodology specified by UN/CEFACT. This methodology explains business process functionality and business transactions by UML diagram. The output of this paper would be useful in grasping work flow and capturing the used energy.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

This study has investigated the effect of dietary attitudes on nutritional status of nurses living in Kyungnam province. A total of 249 muses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in this study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using one day 24-hour recall method from November 14 to December 20, in 2001. The data of nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The subjects were classified as the high score group (17.3 %), medium score group (54.2%), and low score group (28.5%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows: Average age of subjects was 27.1 years old, average nursingexperience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from a junior college. The rate of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar. The average score on dietary attitudes in thehigh score group was 78.8, and those in he medium score group and in the low score group were 58.6 and 40.8 out of 100 points respectively. The average intake of energy (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.05), animal protein (p < 0.01), animal fat (p < 0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.0l), niacin (p < 0.001), Ca (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001), animal Fe (p < 0.01), P (p < 0.001), and crude fiber (p < 0.00l), were significantly higher in the high score group than those in the medium score group and low score group. In the high score group, the average intake of protein, vitamin $B_1$, niacin, vitamin C and P were above 125% of the Korean RDA, and in medium score group, those of vitamin C and P, and in low score group, that of vitamin C were above 125% of the Korean RDA. In the high score group, nutrient of intake below 75% of the Korean RDA was Ca, and those in medium score group were vitamin $B_2$, Ca, and Fe, and those in low score group were energy, vitamin $B_2$, Ca and Fe. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalanceof 1:2, and that of animal protein/plant protein, and that of animal fat/plant fat were high (1.45-1.64) in all group;. The dietary attitude had a positive correlation (p < 0.00l) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2005

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.228-236
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of transformational leadership as perceived by nurses working in medical institutions on their work attitudes using psychological capital as a mediating variable. Subjects were 201 nurses working in three general hospitals located in Seoul with more than 300 beds, and SPSS Windows 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used for data analysis. As the results of the analysis, transformational leadership had direct effects on psychological capital (.68, p=.007), turnover intention (-.34, p=.008), and meaning of work (.11, p=.007), whereas psychological capital had direct effects on meaning of work (.26, p=.009) and turnover intention (-.07, p=.041). In addition, transformational leadership had indirect effects on turnover intention (-.05, p=.087) and meaning of work (.18, p=.004). The results of this study can be used as a base material in the development of programs to exert positive effects on nurses' work attitudes.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 2008

This study has collected 322 clinical dental hygienists working in Daegu and around Daegu, in order to investigate perceived value of work among dental hygienists and extent of organizational attitude and find relationship between these, and we can finds these conclusions as follows; 1. The total average point of perceived value of work is 3.36(5 is a full mark), and we could gain each points as follows; vision realizability 3.53, process efficiency 3.42, product usefulness 3.32, job significance 3.31, social recognition 3.23. 2. The total average point of organizational attitude is 3.13, and job satisfaction, organizational commitment are 3.14, 3.12 respectively. 3. Variables of perceived value of work related job satisfaction are social recognition, vision realizability, process efficiency,(Social recognition is the most effective variable, and next vision realizability, process efficiency are effective in the order named.)($R^2$=.24) and we could find that job satisfaction is proportion to perceived value of work, according to relationship of these variables. Variables of perceived value of work related to organizational commitment are also vision realizability, social recognition, process efficiency,(Vision realizability is the most effective variable, and next social recognition, process efficiency are effective in the order named.)($R^2$=.32) and we could find that organizational commitment is proportion to perceived value of work, according to relationship of these variables. According to these result, perceived value of work and organization attitude(job satisfaction, organizational commitment) of dental hygienists are affirmative. but to make their attitudes be more affirmative, the research about improving perceived value of work is needed. Especially, vision realizability and social satisfaction are very important variables at perceived value of work of dental hygienists.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.309-322
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was carried out to show the parental child-rearing attitudes perceived by daughters(woman college students), who were in the process of pursuit of resonable values, ethics and preparing for marriage and settling down, and another purposes were to help them to have positive attitudes toward their child-rearing in the future and set up preliminary parenting education program. Method: The subjects were 120 woman college students who were freshmen to junior in one university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1999 to March in 2000. The contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. Result: 1) The age range of subjects were 19-25 years old and main rearer was mother(85.84％). 2) The perception of parent's child-rearing by subjects were revealed 555 statements and then tied together 50 themes: 'emphasizing on studying hard'(8.3％), 'doing by oneself'(5.6％), 'sternness'(5.2％), 'respect of personality'(4.5％), 'eagerness'(4.0％), 'humanity education'(4.0％), 'moderating in daily living'(4.0％), 'propriety education'(3.8％), 'sacrificing for children'(3.6％), 'expectation'(3.2％), 'concerning'(3.1％), 'parent-centered'(3.1％), 'giving a free hand'(2.9％), 'sharing with'(2.9％), 'consideration'(2.7％), 'over-protectiveness'(2.3％), 'hostile attitude' (2.2％), 'corporal punishment'(2.2％), 'expression of parental love'(2.0％), 'encouragement'(1.8％), 'family-centered' (1.8％), 'treating fairly'(1.6％), 'offering live experiences'(1.6％), 'exacting obedience'(1.62％), 'exemplary parental role' (1.6％), 'sexual discrimination'(1.6％), 'cooperation'(1.4％), 'giving favors'(1.4％), 'indifference'(1.4％), 'understanding' (1.3％), 'confidence'(1.3％), 'intimacy'(1.3％), 'pursuit of health'(1.3％), 'warm-hearted'(1.1％), 'stinginess'(1.1％),'broad-mindedness'(0.7％), 'granting'(0.7％), 'interfering'(0.7％), 'reproach'(0.7％), 'distinction of sex in household affairs'(0.7％), 'help'(0.5％), 'preparing for the future'(0.5％), 'disregarding'(0.5％), 'making environment'(0.4％), 'bringing up a child personally' (0.4％), 'comparing'(0.4％), 'religious life'(0.4％), 'good deed'(0.4％), invasion of privacy' (0.2％), 'controlling desire'(0.2％). 3) 50 themes were categorized by 18 categories once more: 'control' (13.2％), 'crazy for education'(12.3％), 'endeavoring'(8.6％), 'autonomy'(8.5％), 'home education'(7.7％), 'esteem' (6.67％), 'support'(6.67％), 'pursuit of healthy daily life'(5.6％), 'earnestness'(5.4％), 'disregarding personality'(5.4％), 'emotional bonding'(3.2％), 'imposing a burden'(3.2％). 'inhospitality'(3.1％), 'acceptance'(5％), 'discrimination'(2.3％), 'mature parenthood'(1.8％), 'strengthening family tie'(1.8％), 'psychological intimacy'(1.1％). 4) On the basis of this study, 3/5 of subjects(61.2％) perceived their parents had mature and autonomous child-rearing attitudes, and on the other hand 2/5(39.5％) of them perceived controlling, just forcing to work harder and personally disregarding attitudes. Conclusion: So we need to offer them nursing implementation such as preliminary parenting education program and parenting consulting like to strengthen positive perception and help improving in realistic, developmental child-rearing attitudes.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to verify work satisfaction of school food-service employee, of their job characteristics. Subjects were comprised 9 elementary schools, 11 middle schools, and 3 high schools in Ansan city. Data were analyzed 203 questionnaires for frequency, means, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, t-test, and Pearson correlation using SPSS PC Package. Most of the respondents were high school graduate(91.1%), under one million won salary(41.9%), and non license holder(60.6%). Working conditions were part-time job(41.9%), unlimited contractors(51.2%), and 3-5 years of working experience(21.7%). Measure of overall job satisfaction by Likert-type 5 scale, satisfaction of work operation attitude was 3.55 points and work characteristic duty of 4.32 points. The certificate qualified and elementary school's working posture were more satisfied their work attitude than other groups(p<0.05). Salary satisfaction score showed 2.64 points, but the work esteem satisfaction showed 3.34 points. The factor of working circumstance and potentiality satisfaction was only 2.61 points, but interpersonal connection and communication satisfaction was 3.50 points. Between job satisfactions factors, they were highly correlated with each other. The pride and characteristic duty of the work showed the strongest correlated(p<0.001). The satisfaction score of work operation attitude were significantly correlated with characteristic duty(p<0.001), work esteem, interpersonal relationships and communication(p<0.01). With this results, work satisfaction of food service employees showed a relatively high to perform a job task characteristics and work attitudes. However, the working environment and growth in salaries satisfaction were low. A set of duties must be paid according to the labor intensity. As removing the disturbing factors, the improvement in the quality of the feed will be able to expect substantial effects.