• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

Objectives The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of Herbal medicine on post stroke cognitive deficit. Methods All groups were treated with acupunture treatment, moxa treatment, herbal medicines, physical and occupational therapy for 4 weeks, additionally cardiotonic pills(CP) were taken in the cardiotonic pills group. The effect of treatment was assessed using Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test. Statistical significance was achived if the probability was less than 5%(p,0.05). Results Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test scores increased in both group. MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test scores were significantly increased in the CP group. Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test scores were significantly increased in the control group. In the Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test of the CP group more increased compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between two groups. In the CP group, the scores of the infarction group more increased compared to the hemorrhage group. Conclusions According to the these results, herbal medicines are effective to improve post stroke cognitive-deficit. Futher studies are needed to know cardiotonic pills in the ischemic stroke.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2022

In natural language processing, commonly used words such as prepositions are referred to as stop-words; they have no inherent meaning and are therefore ignored in indexing and retrieval tasks. The removal of stop-words from Arabic text has a significant impact in terms of reducing the size of a cor- pus text, which leads to an improvement in the effectiveness and performance of Arabic-language processing systems. This study investigated the effectiveness of applying a stop-word lists elimination with normalization as a preprocessing step. The idea was to merge statistical method with the linguistic method to attain the best efficacy, and comparing the effects of this two-pronged approach in reducing corpus size for Ara- bic natural language processing systems. Three stop-word lists were considered: an Arabic Text Lookup Stop-list, Frequency- based Stop-list using Zipf's law, and Combined Stop-list. An experiment was conducted using a selected file from the Arabic Newswire data set. In the experiment, the size of the cor- pus was compared after removing the words contained in each list. The results showed that the best reduction in size was achieved by using the Combined Stop-list with normalization, with a word count reduction of 452930 and a compression rate of 30%.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제29B권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1992

As a result of recent progress in speech synthesis techniques, the those new services using new techniques are going to introduce into the telephone communication system. In setting standards, voice quality is obviously an important criterion. It is very important to develope a quality evaluation method of synthesized speech for the diagnostic assessment of system algorithm, and fair comparison of assessment values. This paper has described several basic concepts and criterions for quality assessment (intelligibility) of synthesized speech by rule, and then a word selection method and the word list to be used in word intelligibility test were proposed. Finally, a test method for word intelligibility is described.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.78-99
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• 1991

본 연구는 전자신문인 한경 KETEL의 기사 전문을 대상으로 키워드를 자동 추출하는 자동색인 시스팀을 구축한 것으로서 한글의 형태적 특성을 이용한 언어학적 분석기법을 적용해서 키워드 화일을 생성하는 법을 제시하였으며, 불용어리스트 조사표 용언인식표의 작성법을 상세히 기술했다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 형태소 분석을 통한 자동색인 기법으로 만족할 만한 키워드를 추출할 수 있었다. 둘째, 아직까지는 컴퓨터에 의한 한글의 구문분석과 의미분석이 완전하지 못하므로 자동색인으로 추출된 색인어를 색인자가 조절함으로써 색인의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 셋째, 이 시스팀에서 만들어진 약 20,000어 정도의 키워드 화일은 향후 디소러스 작성에 기본 자료로 사용할 수 있다. 넷째, 본 시스팀에서는 역순사전을 활용해 조사표와 용언인식표 작성법을 제시하였는데, 이는 여러 자동색인 시스팀 설계에 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제56호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

This study examined the speech intelligibility of one-syllable words with phonetic contrasts and analyzed segmental factors that can predict the overall speech intelligibility in hearing-impaired adults. To identify the speech error characteristics, a Korean word list was audio-recorded by 7 hearing-impaired adults, and 35 listeners selected the heard word out of 5 choices. Based in part on previous studies of speech of the hearing impaired, the word list consisted of monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) real word pairs. Stimulus words included 77 phonetic contrast pairs. The results showed that the percentage of errors in final position (coda) contrast was higher than in any other position in syllable. And the intelligibility deficit factors of phonetic contrast in the hearing-impaired were analyzed through stepwise regression analysis. The overall intelligibility was predicted by the error rate of manner contrast at coda, voicing contrast (homorganic triplets) at onset and high-low contrast at nucleus.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of Gastrodia elata Blume for memory improvement. Methods: This study was a 12-weeks, double blind, and comparative clinical study. Those who were eligible worked with a group of healthy seniors, all 60 years of age or older. 22 subjects were randomized either to Gastrodia elata Blume powder form that was steeped in hot water or placebo. We measured the faculty of memory by using MMSE-K, Digit Span, Letter Fluency Test, Word List Memory Test, and Trail Making Test, and again after 12 weeks. Results: 1) Neither Gastrodia elata Blume groups nor control have a difference in MMSE-K, Digit Span, Letter Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test. 2) Gastrodia elata Blume group showed significant advances in immediate recall 1 and 2 of Word List Memory Test, and 3 g group show better results than the 4 g group. 3) 4 g Gastrodia elata Blume group showed significant advances in the recognition of Word List Memory Test. Conclusions: The results suggest that positive effects on memory improvement due to Gastrodia elata Blume depend on the amount.

• 인지과학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.377-406
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 정서가, 각성가 및 구체성 평정을 통해 한국어 정서단어 목록을 개발하고 이를 활용한 연구를 통해 이 목록의 실험 자극으로서 활용가능성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구1에서는 단어 이해과정에 큰 영향을 미친다고 알려진 단어의 품사, 빈도 및 길이를 고려하여 450개의 단어를 선정하고 이 단어들에 대해 정서가, 각성가, 구체성에 대한 평정 설문을 실시하였다. 정서단어의 평정을 위해서는 전체 단어목록을 3개로 나누어 각각 155명, 151명, 151명의 참가자들에게 각 단어들의 정서가와 각성가를 평정하게 하였으며 또 다른 134명의 참가자들에게 정서단어의 구체성을 평정하게 하였다. 그 결과 총 450개 단어에 대한 정서가, 각성가 및 구체성 평정값이 포함된 정서단어 목록이 개발되었다. 연구2에서는 42명을 대상으로 연구1에서 개발한 정서단어 목록을 활용한 정서 스트룹 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 정서불일치 시행에 비해 정서일치 시행의 반응시간이 더 빠르게 나타났으며, 정서일치 시행에서의 정확률이 더 높게 나타났다. 이는 연구1에서 선정 및 구성된 정서단어 자극을 활용한 연구 예를 보여주는 것이며 본 목록이 정서 연구의 자극 재료로서 다양한 정서 관련 연구에 활용될 가능성이 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.1607-1616
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• 2006

The growing market of multimedia and digital signal processing requires significant data-path portions of SoCs. However, the common models for verification are not suitable for SoCs. A novel model--WGL (Weighted Generalized List) is proposed, which is based on the general-list decomposition of polynomials, with three different weights and manipulation rules introduced to effect node sharing and the canonicity. Timing parameters and operations on them are also considered. Examples show the word-level WGL is the only model to linearly represent the common word-level functions and the bit-level WGL is especially suitable for arithmetic intensive circuits. The model is proved to be a uniform and efficient model for both bit-level and word-level functions. Then Based on the WGL model, a backward-construction logic-verification approach is presented, which reduces time and space complexity for multipliers to polynomial complexity(time complexity is less than $O(n^{3.6})$ and space complexity is less than $O(n^{1.5})$) without hierarchical partitioning. Finally, a construction methodology of word-level polynomials is also presented in order to implement complex high-level verification, which combines order computation and coefficient solving, and adopts an efficient backward approach. The construction complexity is much less than the existing ones, e.g. the construction time for multipliers grows at the power of less than 1.6 in the size of the input word without increasing the maximal space required. The WGL model and the verification methods based on WGL show their theoretical and applicable significance in SoC design.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2021

본 코퍼스 기반 연구는 통사론 영역에서 자주 등장하는 학술어휘들을 목록화하고 추출된 단어 목록을 Coxhead(2000)의 학술어휘 목록(AWL) 및 West(1953)의 기본어휘 목록(GSL)과 비교하여 통사론 코퍼스 내의 어휘 분포와 범위를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 영어교육 전공자들이 주로 사용하는 필수 통사론 전공 서적을 546,074 단어 수준의 전문 코퍼스로 구축한 다음 AntWordProfiler 1.4.1로 분석하였다. 빈도를 기준으로 분석한 결과 16회 이상 등장한 학술어휘는 288개(50.5%), 15회 이하 등장한 학술어휘는 218개(38.2%)로 나타났다. AWL과 GSL의 출현 범위는 각각 9.19%와 78.92%로 나타났으며 GSL과 AWL을 포함한 비중은 전체 토큰의 88.11%에 달하였다. AWL이 광범위한 학술 요구를 충족시키는데 중추적인 역할을 할 수 있다는 점을 감안할 때, 본 연구는 학문 문식성과 학업 능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 학문 분야별 학술 어휘목록을 편성할 필요가 있음을 강조하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제24권1E호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2005

This study was designed to suggest an assessment tool for analyzing the characteristics of Korean phonetic contrast intelligibility among dysarthric individuals. The intelligibility deficit factors of phonetic contrast in Korean dysarthric patients were analyzed through stepwise regression analysis. The 19 acoustic-phonetic contrasts proposed by Kent et al. (1999) have been claimed to be useful for clinical assessment and research on dysarthria. However, the test cannot be directly applied to Korean patients due to linguistic differences between English and Korean. Thus, it is necessary to devise a Korean word intelligibility test that reflects the distinct characteristics of the Korean language. To identify the speech error characteristics of a Korean dysarthric group, a Korean word list was audio-recorded by 3 spastic, 4 flaccid, and 5 mixed type of dysarthric patients. The word list consisted of monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) real word pairs. Stimulus words included 41 phonemic contrast pairs and six triplets. The results showed that the percentage of errors in final position contrast was higher than in any other position. Unlike the results of previous studies, the initial-position contrasts were crucial in predicting the overall intelligibility among Korean patients.