• Title/Summary/Keyword: wool

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A study on the damage of some fibers affected by growth of Dermatophytes (Dermatophytes의 번식에 의한 몇가지 섬유의 손상에 관한 연구)

  • Nam Yun Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.237-243
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    • 1978
  • Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum are used in this study to confirm (a) The Dermatophytes could utilize the wool, cotton and nylon fiber as a nutrient source. (b) The degree of damage of fibers by the Dermatophytes growth. The results of the experiment are summarized as follows; 1. Dermatophytes could not utilize the wool, cotton and nylon fiber directly as a nutrient source without the exogenously applied nutrients. 2. It was presumed that Dermatophytes could utilize the knitted wool fabric as their nutrient source when nutrient was exogenously applied. since the knitted wool fabric was greatly damaged by T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum growth. 3. The tensile strength of knitted wool fabric was significantly decreased by T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, but not by E. floccosum. However, the tensile strength of knitted nylon fabric was not particularly affected by the Dermatophytes. 4. The burst strength of knitted wool fabric was decreased by T. mentagrophytes ($77\%$). T. rubrum ($53\%$). and E. floccosum ($15\%$). Though the burst strength of knitted cotton fabric was decreased by Dermatophytes about $20\%$, that of knitted nylon fabric was not affected. 5. Observing the damaged wool fiber by scanning microscope, the inner part of wool fiber was permeated by T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum.

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The Investigation on Color Change of Dis-azo Acid Dye in Wool Dyeing (양모섬유의 염색시 디스아조계 산성염료의 변색현상 규명)

  • 김미경;김태경;윤석한;임용진
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2003
  • It is already known that the color of wool fabric dyed with disazo acid dyes could be changed in dyeing process and this is accelerated under alkaline condition. Focus was given to figuring out the mechanism of this color change, through the LC-MS analysis. In this study, no color change was seen in wool fabrics dyed with C. I. Acid Blue 113 under weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions for 1hour. However, the wool fabrics dyed under weak alkaline condition for a long time over 3 hours fumed reddish orange. When the wool fabrics dyed under weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions were treated with $0.5g/L\;Na_2C0_3$ solution, all of them turned reddish orange. On the other hand, the color of silk fabrics dyed with C. I. Acid Blue 113 were not changed after the same alkaline treatment. Wool contains cystine and cysteine, whereas silk does not. Due to the reversible reduction/oxidation process of cystine and cysteine in wool dyeing, the C. I. Acid Blue 113 of the dis-azo type is decomposed by reduction and consequently turned them into the reddish orange mono-azo types dye.

A Pre-treatment Process for Natural Dyeing of Wool to Impar t Durable Antimicrobial Efficacy

  • Raja, A.S.M.;Thilagavathi, G.
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2011
  • A pre-treatment process has been developed for natural dyeing of wool by which the dyed materials have been imparted antimicrobial efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria durable up to 20 washes. In this process, wool fabrics were treated with citric acid under oxidizing condition prior to dyeing. The treated fabrics were then dyed with four different types of natural dye powders obtained from leaves of silver oak, wattle, tanner's senna and flame of forest. All the natural dyes produced yellowish brown colour on wool fabrics. The washing and light fastness properties of the fabrics subjected to pre-treatment were one grade higher compared to those of the dyed fabrics without pre-treatment. The pre-treated wool fabrics showed antimicrobial efficacy against both gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The fabrics dyed without pre-treatment showed antimicrobial efficacy against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) only. The durability of antimicrobial efficacy was higher in pre-treated and dyed wool fabrics compared to the dyed fabrics without pre-treatment.

The Types and Characteristics of Korean Traditional Wool Fabrics (한국 전통 모직물의 유형과 특성)

  • Jang Hyun-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.54 no.8
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    • pp.87-100
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    • 2004
  • This study is to understand the types and characteristics of wool fabrics of the Korea. It classifies the types of wool fabrics whose name can be found in the documents by their weaving methods and it researches their characteristics by type, time, usage, and pattern. In Wool fabric of the ancient age were there compound weaving fabric, such as Gyesoo. which is made with embroidery method, Gyegum, which is made with embroidery in gold threads, as well as general fabric, such as plain-weaved Gal, twill-weaved Sagal, gauze-weaved Mosa, Mora, etc. There were also various weaving methods, such pile-weaved Yung, tapestry-weaved Tabdung, or Guyoo, or Dahm, felt-weaved Jeon, etc. It was found in documents that wool fabric such as Gye, Jeon, Dahm were produced in Korea and China. In case of Korea, wool fabric was enormously developed in Koguryo, Shilla, Balhai, United Shilla. Koryo era. Particularly in Koguryo and Balhai, the stock-farming and hunting were the main parts of their occupation. In Koryo era, the weaving technique of wool fabric had made great development. The wool fabric was used not only in clothing but also in official hats, rugs. wall-tapestries, etc.

Rock wool wastes as a supplementary cementitious material replacement in cement-based composites

  • Lin, Wei-Ting;Cheng, An;Huang, Ran;Wu, Yuan-Chieh;Han, Ta-Yuan
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2013
  • The use of rock wool waste, an industrial by-product, in cement-based composites has positive effects on the environment because it reduces the problems associated rock wool disposal. The experiments in this study tested cement-based composites using various rock wool waste contents (10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of cement) as a partial replacement for Portland cement in mortars. The pozzolanic strength activity test, flow test, compressive strength test, dry shrinkage test, absorption test, initial surface absorption test and scanning electron microscope observations were conducted to evaluate the properties of cement-based composites. Test results demonstrate that the pozzolanic strength activity index for rock wool waste specimens is 103% after 91 days. The inclusion of rock wool waste in cement-based composites decreases its dry shrinkage and initial surface absorption, and increases its compressive strength. These improved properties are the result of the dense structure achieved by the filling effect and pozzolanic reactions of the rock wool waste. The addition of 30% and 10% rock wool wastes to cement is the optimal amount based on the results of compressive strength and initial surface absorption for a w/cm of 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. Therefore, it is feasible to utilize rock wool waste as a partial replacement of cement in cement-based composites.

Attachment of Silver Nanoparticles to the Wool Fiber Using Glycidyltrimethylammonium Chloride(GTAC) (Glycidyltrimethylammonium Chloride(GTAC)를 이용한 양모 섬유 표면의 Silver Nanoparticle 부착)

  • Lee, Seungyoung;Sul, In Hwan;Lee, Jaewoong
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2016
  • Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) were attached to wool fibers using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride(GTAC), which is a type of quaternary ammonium salt. GTAC, which contains an epoxy functional group that, under high temperatures, generates a ring-opening reaction with wool fibers, which contain the amine group. Then, the AgNPs are attached to the surface of the GTAC-treated wool fibers by treatment with a silver colloidal solution. The process involves the following procedures: (1) The wool fibers are immersed in the GTAC solution, followed by pre-drying at $80^{\circ}C$ and curing at $180^{\circ}C$ to induce an alteration in the chemical structure; and (2) The wool fibers treated with GTAC are immersed in the silver colloid at $40^{\circ}C$ for 120 min to chemically induce a strong attachment of the AgNPs to the wool fibers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the influence of the concentrations of GTAC and the silver colloid, as well as the influence of the applied temperature of the silver colloid on the wool fibers, and the influence of the morphological changes in the wool fiber surfaces. As a result, the enhanced concentrations of GTAC and the silver colloid together with an elevated applied temperature of silver colloid have a tendency to increase in Ag atomic%.

PRODUCTION FROM FINE WOOL SHEEP IN THREE AREAS IN NORTHERN CHINA

  • Masters, D.G.;Purser, D.B.;Yu, S.X.;Wang, Z.S.;Yang, R.Z.;Liu, N.;Wang, X.L.;Lu, D.X.;Wu, L.H.;Rong, W.H.;Ren, J.K.;Li, G.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 1990
  • The seasonal changes in production, the systems of management and the seasonal climatic and feeding conditions are described for three farms representative of the major areas for growing fine-wool sheep in northern China. At all farms, summer and autumn were seasons of rapid liveweight gain and wool growth. In the winter and spring, during lactation, liveweight declined wool growth decreased by approximately 70%, and fibre diameter by 4 to 8 microns. The wool produced was characterized by a very low clean wool yield (39-51%). Greasy fleece weights ranged from 4.5 to 8.0 kg and average diameter of wool fibres from 20.5 to 23 microns. The number of lambs born per 100 ewes mated ranged from 79 to 95, lamb weights ranged from 3.8 to 4.5 kg, and weaning weights ranged from 17 to 25 kg. Overall, the patterns of sheep production were similar to those found in seasonally arid environments (such as in the mediterranean climatic zone). Yield of clean wool and therefore clean fleece weights were far below those in most other fine-wool producing areas of the world.

Duckweed as a Protein Source for Fine-Wool Merino Sheep: Its Edibility and Effects on Wool Yield and Characteristics

  • Damry, J.V. Nolan;Bell, R.E.;Thomson, E.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.507-514
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    • 2001
  • Two experiments were carried out to investigate whether duckweed is useful as a dietary protein source for fine-wool Merino sheep and to evaluate its effects on wool yield and characteristics. In Experiment 1, the sheep were given one of three maintenance diets consisting of oaten chaff (520-700 g/d) supplemented with 16-32 g crude protein/d in the form of fresh (1 kg/d) or sun-dried (50-100 g/d) duckweed. Each ration was estimated to provide 5.4 MJ (1.3 Mcal)/d of metabolisable energy (ME). The sheep readily ingested the fresh or dried duckweed. None of the wool measures (yield, rate of fibre elongation, fibre diameter) differed (p>0.05) between dietary treatments. In Experiment 2, oaten-chaff-based diets (800 g/d) supplying 6.5-7.2 MJ (1.6-1.7 Mcal)/d of ME were supplemented with iso-nitrogenous amounts (4-5 g N) either of urea (8 g), cottonseed meal (60 g) or dried duckweed (100 g). In this experiment, the rate of wool fibre elongation, thought to be related to intestinal amino acid absorption, was lower (p<0.05) for sheep given the oaten chaff/urea diet than for those given either oaten chaff/cottonseed meal or oaten chaff/duckweed for which the rates did not differ (p>0.05). Fibre diameter, which ranged from 16.0-16.7 mm, did not differ (p>0.05) between diets, but tended to be lower on the oaten chaff/urea diet so that volume of wool produced was also significantly lower (p<0.05) on this diet than on the diets containing duckweed or cottonseed meal. Rumen ammonia concentrations at 4.5 and 7.5 h after feeding were higher (p<0.05) for sheep given the oaten chaff/urea diet than for those given the other two diets. A comparison of the rumen ammonia concentrations, wool growth rate and predicted flows of amino acids from the rumen of sheep supplemented with duckweed rather than cottonseed meal suggested that duckweed is a valuable source of 'escape protein' for ruminants.

Characteristics of Hydrogen-sulfide(H2S) removal by a Biofilter with Organic Materials, Peat and Rock wool (유기담체인 Peat 및 Rock wool을 사용한 바이오필터에 의한 황화수소(H2S)의 제거특성)

  • Kim, Nam-jin
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.136-144
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    • 2001
  • Two organic materials, peat and rock wool were used for removal of $H_2S$ by a biofilter inoculated with night soil sludge. By gradually increasing the inlet load of $H_2S$, the complete removal capacity, which was defined as the inlet load of $H_2S$ that was complete removed, and the maximum removal capacity of $H_2S$, which was the value when the removal capacity leveled off for organic materials, were estimated. Both values for Rock wool are larger than peat, based on a unit dry weight of material. By using kinetic analysis, the maximum removal rate of $H_2S$, $V_m$, and the saturation constant, $K_s$, were determined for all packing materials and the values of $V_m$ for rock wool was found to be larger. By using the kinetic parameters, the removal rates for $H_2S$ were compared both packing materials, and rock wool showed better performance for the removal of $H_2S$ in the inlet concentration range of 0~200ppm.

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Experimental Study of Thermal Conductivity for Glass Wool by Inserted Dissimilar Materials based on Structural Composites (구조 복합재료 기반 이종재료 첨가시의 유리섬유의 열적 성능 평가에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Bae, Jin-Ho;Oh, Jong-Ho;Byun, Jun-Seok;Lee, Jae-Myung
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.448-455
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    • 2018
  • Glass wool is an eco-friendly materials that is manufactured through a continuous process by processing waste glass. This materials is low cost compared with another materials and has excellent thermal conductivity. For this reason, glass wool is installed as insulation system for LNG carriers and as insulation of building wall as well as various industries. The mechanism of insulation of glass wool is the conduction of the wool itself and convection by space between fibers. Therefore, in order to develop the enhanced thermal conductivity of glass wool is necessary to reduce its own conduction or to insert additional material after manufacturing as well as prevent convection. In this respect, many researchers have been actively studying to decrease thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam using by inserted glass wool or change the chemical component of glass wool. However, many research are aiming reduction of glass wool itself. This study focus on post-processing and inserted different materials; silica-aerogel, kevlar fiber 1mm, 6mm and glass bubble. Experimental results show that the thermal conductivity almost decreases with the addiction of glass bubble and silica aerogel.