• 제목/요약/키워드: wooden cultural-properties

검색결과 107건 처리시간 0.023초

호장줄을 이용한 가구 제작에 관한 연구 (A Study on Furniture Making based on Hojangjul)

  • 김동귀
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.289-303
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    • 2019
  • 호장줄을 이용한 가구 제작에 관한 연구는 전통가구 제작의 문목의 문양을 돋보이게 하는 시문기법의 하나로 임진왜란 이후 통영의 12공방의 하나인 소목방에서 시문기법으로 사용한 호장줄기법을 고 국가중요무형문화재 제 59호로 지정되었던 천상원으로 전승되어 오면서 삼호장, 오호장, 성퇴뇌문, 홑귀뇌문, 겹귀뇌문으로 발전되면서 해상을 통해 마산, 울산, 광양 등지로 전파되고 육로로 내륙으로 전파되면서 다양한 문양과 형태로 발전하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경상지역의 통영, 마산, 울산과 전라지역의 광양, 동복의 소목가구에 시문된 호장줄의 제작 기법 및 특징에 대하여 조사 연구하여 점차 소멸되어가는 전통 기법의 재조명을 통하여 전통기법에 대한 전승과 계승발전을 도모하고자 한다.

합각지붕 사찰 주불전의 규모에 따른 기둥 및 처마부 관계분석 연구 (Properties of Components for the Dapogye of Hipped and Gable Roof Wooden Buildings)

  • 고정주;이정수
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.3192-3202
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 국가지정문화재로 지정된 목조건축물 중 합각지붕 형식을 가지고 있는 사찰의 주불전 32동을 대상으로 규모에 따라 규모별 구성요소의 구체적 특성을 분석하고, 주요 부재 상호간 미치는 영향이나 비례관계 등을 분석하여 향후 문화재 복원 및 보수를 위한 객관적인 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평면비례는 3칸 건축물에서 도리통(전면)과 양통(측면)의 평균비례는 1.31:1 정도이며, 5칸 건축물 평균비례는 1.70:1로 이루어져 있다. 둘째, 주칸비례 및 위치별 기둥 굵기를 분석한 결과, 3칸 및 5칸 건축물 모두 어칸이 퇴칸이나 협칸에 비해 주칸을 넓게 형성한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 3칸 건축물 평균 기둥 굵기는 귀기둥 491mm, 평주 433mm 정도이며, 5칸 건축물에서는 귀기둥 595mm, 평주 511mm 정도의 굵기로 분석되었다. 귀기둥 굵기가 평주보다 평균 60mm~80mm정도 굵게 이루어진 것은 구조적인 안정성과 착시현상을 고려한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 건물규모(면적)에 따른 기둥 굵기, 처마 내밀기, 차마높이에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 3칸 건축물에서는 건물규모(면적)가 큰 건물일수록 크게 나타나는 상관관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 5칸 건축물에서는 건물규모(면적)에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 기둥과 처마와의 관계 분석 결과, 3칸 건축물과 5칸 건축물에서 모두 기둥 길이가 긴 건물일수록 처마높이와 처마 내밀기를 크게 둔 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 처마높이는 기둥 길이와 아주 밀접한 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 3칸 건축물과 5칸 건축물에서 모두 처마 내밀기가 큰 건물일수록 처마높이도 높게 형성된 것으로 분석되었다.

고구려 고분벽화 공포도 형식의 분류체계에 관한 연구 (A Study on Classification System for Gong-Po-Do Style in Tomb Wall Paintings of Koguryo)

  • 황세옥
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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    • 제49권2호
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    • pp.20-55
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 공포양식(?包樣式)의 초시적인 모습이라 할 수 있는 고구려 고분벽화에 묘사된 공포도(?包圖)를 북방 주변 국가와의 문화적 교류와 천도(遷都)에 따른 지역 시기 형상별로 고찰하고 유형별로 체계화 정립을 주 내용으로 한다. 고구려 고분벽화에 묘사된 공포는 지상에서의 묘주가 통치자로서 군사 행정 정치 사회적으로 누렸던 지위나 신분에 따른 옥사(屋舍)의 제한과도 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 묘주 생전 지상가옥의 공포형태에 직접적인 관련이 있다고 보이며, 지상에서의 실제 공포 출현시기는 고분 축조 편년보다 최소한 1세기 이상 앞선 것으로 추정이 가능하다. 이는, 고구려 지상에서의 공포출현시기와 관련하여, 공포가 묘사된 중국 동한기(東漢期) 고분(古墳) 내 가형명기(家形明器)와 화상석(?像石) 화상전(畵像塼)의 제작시기와도 대체로 일치한다는 점에서도 추정을 이해할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과, 고분벽화에 묘사된 공포도는 비포작계, 준포작계, 포작계로 대별되고, 포작계는 비출목형과 출목형으로 세분하였다. 또한 고구려 공포는 한(漢) 이후 같은 동이족인 북위(北魏)로부터 유입되었으며, 고구려 풍토와 정서에 맞도록 토착화되어 고유한 고구려 형식의 공포체계로 발전 확립되었다. 고구려 멸망(668) 이후 이러한 기법은 문화적 교류 및 망명인들에 의해 주변국에서 그 맥을 이어갔다.

석탑 탑구(塔區)의 역할 및 변천에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Role and Transition of the Tapgu in Stone Pagoda)

  • 정해두;장석하
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.91-104
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    • 2010
  • Korea's stone buildings are varied in their types such as stone pagodas, stone lanterns, stone bridges, stoneworks, etc. These account for more than 30% over the entire cultural properties, but research achievements are lacking compared to wooden buildings. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the shape, role and transition of Tapgu, which had been used to set up boundary at a stone pagoda, one of the stone buildings. The 20th stone pagodas, which have relative accuracy in its forming year, have been studied around national treasure or treasure between 7th century and 9th century. There are a lot of different opinions about the role and meaning of Tapgu, and at this writer's option, Tapgu is defined as follows: First, each structure plays a different role. A structure to pass the load in the upper part to the ground can be seen as a stair or a pedestal, but a structure to form double foundations can be considered as Tapgu. Second, Tapgu can be used to divide areas with stones or stepping stones. As a result, the shape, role and transition of Tapgu is as follows: Firstly, when it comes to its shape, Tapgu includes flagstone type, belt type, double foundation type, compound type. Flagstone type had been used to set up boundary at stone pagodas by using foundation stone, belt type by keeping apart from stone pagodas, and double foundation stone by installing dual foundation stones. Secondly, Tapgu is considered to set up boundary in the case of flagstone and plate stone, and acts like a structure which can prevent surrounding area of stone pagoda from coming up while being stuck around stone pagodas. Belt type was installed only for the purpose of forming boundary. At the bottom, double foundation stone had been used to pass the load in the upper part to the ground in the same way as the foundation stone in the upper part, and the boundaries were set varying the size. Thirdly, when it comes to the transition of Tapgu, flagstone type of boundary stone had been installed in the 7th century, and belt type of boundary stone had been mainly installed in the 8th century. And double foundation stone had been installed in the 9th century. Comprehensively, flagstone type and belt type had been made around the 7th and 8th century when Tapgu was regarded important and stone pagoda started to be built. At the turn to the 9th century, the role of Tapgu had been increasingly losing in the construction of stone pagoda, and foundation stone started to appear.

수침목재유물보존처리 폐액의 재활용에 관한 연구 (A study on the Recovery of waste fluids of the conservation treatment of waterlogged wooden artifacts)

  • 양석진;김종화;송주영;이수
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.108-115
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    • 2012
  • 수침목재유물은 해저, 호저, 저습지등에서 발견되며 물속에서 외부로 아무런 조치 없이 나오게 되면 수축과 변형을 일으키게 된다. 따라서 보존처리는 목재내부의 물을 화학약품과 치환하고 강도와 치수의 안정화를 이루는 것이다. 이중 EDTA와 PEG는 수침목재유물 보존처리에 가장 많이 사용되는 약품중 하나이다. EDTA는 발굴출토된 목재의 흑화현상의 원인인 타닌산제2철에서 Fe-EDTA의 형태로 흑화현상을 제거한다. 보존처리 후 발생하는 폐 EDTA 용액으로부터 HCl을 첨가하여 Fe-EDTA에서 $Fe^{3+}$를 분리해 내고 강산성에서 EDTA가 석출되는 원리를 이용하여 EDTA의 침전물을 획득하여 재활용하였다. PEG는 수침목재유물의 강화처리에 사용되며 목재 내에서 추출되는 착색유기물에 의해 용액의 색이 검은색으로 변화하게 되며, 폐 PEG 용액을 $H_2O_2$를 이용한 산화작용으로 용액 내에 존재하는 착색유기물을 분해하고 색을 되돌려 재활용하였다.

근대 서화가 6인 합작 '산수' 병풍의 재질분석 및 보존처리 (The Material Analysis and Conservation Treatment of Six Modern Korean Calligraphic Painters' Collaborated Works of Folding Screen: Focused on 'Sansu')

  • 박소현;최혜송;김정흠;최점복;이나라
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.319-331
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    • 2018
  • 국립현대미술관 소장품인 '산수'는 1940년에 제작된 6폭 구성의 병풍이다. 10대가로 불리던 서화가 6명이 제작에 참여한 합작품으로 소석 강진구 선생의 회갑을 축하하기 위한 축수의 목적으로 제작되었다. 과거 수리된 부분이 확인되었음에도 불구하고 병풍틀의 뒤틀림, 습기얼룩 및 오염 등 보존상태가 양호하지 않아 장기적 보존 및 전시활용을 위해 보존처리가 진행되었다. 또한 재질특성을 확인하고자 제작에 사용된 직물섬유, 종이섬유, 안료에 대한 과학적 조사와 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 화본 및 회장비단에 사용된 직물섬유는 면, 견 등의 천연섬유와 함께 합성섬유가 사용되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 병풍 속틀에 사용된 종이의 경우 닥나무 인피섬유, 초본류, 침엽수 섬유 등 다양한 수종이 관찰되었다. 안료분석 결과, 모든 작품의 바탕층에서 Calcite가 확인되었고, 색상별 일부 착색안료는 작가에 따라 차이를 보였다.

고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전 (Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming)

  • 주채혁
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.