• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.851-860
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• 2015

참나무류와 리기다소나무 간벌재 칩을 사용하여 각각 60, 90, 120분 동안 증기 가열(증해) 처리하여 조사료를 제조하고 정유 함량을 비교하였다. 두 수종 모두 증해 처리 시간이 증가됨에 따라 정유 함량이 감소하였으며, 90분과 120분 처리했을 때 $0.1m{\ell}/kg$ 이하의 정유 함량을 보였다. 90분 증해 처리하여 제조된 조사료의 사료로써의 가치를 화학성분 조성, NRC (National Research Counsil) 모델링, 반추위 소화율, 영양성분 대비 상대적 경제 가치 분석을 통해 평가하였다. 참나무류 조사료의 DM (dry matter; 건물), CP (crude protein; 조단백), EE (ether extract; 조지방), NDF (neutral detergent fiber; 중성세제섬유소), ADF (acid detergent fiber; 산성세제섬유소), ADL (acid detergent lignin; 산성세제리그닌), NFC (nonfiber carbohydrate; 비섬유소탄수화물) 함량은 각각 95.4, 1.36, 3.11, 90.05, 83.85, 17.33, 6.50 %로 측정되었고, 리기다소나무 조사료는 각각 94.37, 1.33, 5.48, 87.89, 86.88, 30.56, 6.32%로 측정되었다. NRC 모델링을 이용한 영양평가에서는 참나무류 조사료가 TDN (total digestible nutrient) 40.55%, DE (digestible energy) 1.79 Mcal/kg이었고 리기다소나무 조사료가 TDN 31.22%, DE 1.38 Mcal/kg으로 나타나 참나무류 조사료가 더 높은 영양가를 가진 것으로 사료되었다. 반추위 내 건물소화율은 참나무류 조사료(18.07%)가 리기다소나무 조사료(10.02%)보다 높았다. 영양성분 대비 상대적 경제 가치는 참나무류 조사료는 235원, 리기다소나무 조사료는 210원으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.879-886
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• 2016

As is in all economic activities, the highest yield per unit area is the main goal in animal production, while addressing the temperamental needs of animals often is ignored. Animal welfare is not only an ethical fact; it also has an economic value. Spatial environmental enrichment contributes positively to animal welfare by addressing their behavioral and mental requirements. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of weaning and spatial environmental arrangements on behaviors of goat-kids. Experimental groups were arranged in structured and unstructured spatial environments. Roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge, and wood block were placed in the structured environment. No equipment was placed in the unstructured environment and paddock sides were enclosed with an iron sheet to prevent bipedal stance and to provide environmental isolation. In the study 10 male and 10 female Turkish Saanen goat kids were used in each group. Spatial environmental arrangements did not have significant impacts on the growth performance of kids (p>0.05). All objects in the structured group were accepted by the kids. Average use ratios of roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge and wood block were observed as 19.3%, 14.0%, 12.6%, 3.8%, and 0.7%, respectively. There were significant differences between before- and after-weaning in use of all objects except for underneath bridge ($p{\leq}0.05$). Concentrate feed consumption, locomotion, and resting behaviors in kids showed significant differences by structural group and growth period. Roughage consumption was similar between groups, while it differed by growth period ($p{\leq}0.05$). Interaction frequency was significantly higher in structured group (p = 0.0023). Playing behavior significantly differentiated based on the growth period rather than on groups ($p{\leq}0.05$). Playing behavior significantly decreased after weaning. Abnormal oral activity was significantly higher in the structured group before weaning ($p{\leq}0.05$). Despite there being no installations facilitating climbing and bipedal stance, the kids of the unstructured group were able to exhibit 1/3 as much bipedal stance behavior as the kids of the structured group through leaning over slippery paddock wall or over their groupmates. Bipedal stance behavior of unstructured group was similar before and after weaning, while bipedal stance behavior before weaning was about 2 times that of after weaning in structured group. It was concluded that unstructured environmental arrangement limited the behavior repertoire of the goat kids.