• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2014

The applicability of oil palm EFB(Empty Fiber Bunch) to the papermaking process as a functional organic filler was investigated in this study. Since the EFB has similar chemical composition to the lignocellulose materials such as wood fiber, the fines of EFB was applied to the handsheet paper as an alternative to wood powder which were used as an organic filler to improve water removal efficiency and bulk. The experiments showed that the EFB fines resulted in the higher water removal efficiency at the wet pressing process and leaded to the higher bulk than those of wood powder. In case of 10 % addition of organic filler, the strength properties were not significantly changed. Those results suggested that the EFB could be used as a new organic filler for improving water removal efficiency and bulk property.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to confirm the possibility of screen printing with Natural dyes. The coloring matter such as sappan wood was used in order to obtain the colorant powder through the processes of extraction, low pressure concentration and the spray dry. After the screen printing on silk and cotton fabrics with colorant, K/S value changes of color and color fastness were measured. The main resets were as follows : 1. The viscosity of printing thickeners of sappan wood powder was about 15,200 cps, and the highest K/S value of the fabrics printed with sappan wood was obtained at 90$\pm$2$\^{C}$ of steaming temperature and 80 minutes of steaming time. 2. For the fabrics printed with sampan wood, adding of urea was not effective, since the more the concentration of urea increased, the more K/S values decreased. 3. For the natural dyes printing, the more the concentration of colorants increased, the more K/S values increased. In general, the K/S values of the printed fabrics were higher when treated with mordants rather than without mordants. Specifically, the λmax sappan wood was 520∼570 nm, and the K/S value was highest when treated with Cu mordant and lowest when treated with Sn. 4. Generally, the color fastness was relatively fair.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2005

In an effort to encourage the development of value added engineered applications for small diameter round timber, research is being conducted to develop and verify design guidelines for connections with specific application to round timbers. The objective of this research is to provide potential users with a number of viable connection options applicable in the fabrication of engineered, round wood structural components and systems. Target uses include trusses, built up flange beams and space frames. This paper presents information on a mortised steel plate connection fabricated using powder driven nails in 6 cm diameter Japanese Larch. The design load for PDN connections are around 1.3 kN per nail with strip and 0.8 kN per nail without stripe. The design model for PDN connectors could be chosen by the number of nails. If the number of nails are more than the critical number between nail bearing and wood failure, the wood failure model could be the way to design the structure safely. The wood failure model needs to be studied more but the model could be the tensile and cleavage mixed failure model.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2008

Wood composite, could generally be made from very fine wood powder(<150 mesh) because more large size of wood particle had much less plasticity compared of polymer. To make more high plasticity of relatively large size of wood particle, wood particles were chemically modified with some reagent for acetylation and esterification, etc. WPC(wood plastic composite) was prepared with chemically modified wood particles and the mechanical properties of WPC were evaluated. WPC of esterified wood with maleic anhydride shows the highest level in tensile strength and breaking elongation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2016

급속 반탄화 처리한 참나무 목분의 연료 적합성을 알아보기 위해 다양한 반탄화 시간(0, 5, 7.5, 10분)으로 제조한 반탄화 목분 시료를 10, 20, $40^{\circ}C/min$의 승온속도로 비등온 열중량분석법을 이용하여 시료의 열적 특성과 활성화 에너지를 알아보았다. 반탄화 처리시간이 증가함에 따라 시료의 열분해 시작온도($T_{onset}$)가 증가하였고, 시료 내 헤미셀룰로오스 함량은 감소하고 리그닌 함량은 증가하였으며, 열분해 반응 후의 최종 잔류물 양이 증가하는 모습을 보여주었다. 활성화 에너지는 Friedman과 Kissinger의 2가지 방법을 사용하여 추정하였으며, 각각의 결정계수 결과값은 0.9를 상회하여 계산된 활성화 에너지 값의 높은 유용성을 확인하였다. 시료의 활성화 에너지 계산 값은 반탄화 처리시간이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향이 나타났으며, 7.5분간 반탄화 처리한 시료에서 관찰된 가장 낮은 활성화 에너지 값은 급속 반탄화처리 참나무 목분의 바이오 고형연료제품으로써의 높은 적용가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

탄화온도에 따른 목탄의 pH, 원소함량비와 목탄 표면의 FT-IR 변화를 분석하기 위하여 잣나무 목탄이 사용되었다. 300, $400^{\circ}C$의 탄화온도에서 제조된 잣나무 목탄의 pH는 각각 5.27, 6.80로 측정된 반면, $500{\sim}900^{\circ}C$에서 제조된 시료의 pH는 크게 높아져 9.25~10.35로 나타났다. 탄화 온도의 차이에 따른 목탄의 원소 조성비 변화에 있어서는, 고온 탄화 목탄일수록 C 함유율이 높아지고 상대적으로 O, H의 함유율은 낮아졌다. 가장 큰 원소 조성비 변화 폭은 400와 $500^{\circ}C$의 탄화 온도에서 측정되었다. 300, $400^{\circ}C$에서 제조된 목탄의 C, O, H 원소함량비는 각긱 67.7, 28.9, 3.0%와 72.2, 24.9, 2.5%로 측정된 반면, $500{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 제조된 목탄의 C, O, H 함량비는 각각 83.3~90.5%, 13.6~9.0%, 2.7~0.3% 사이로 나타났다. FT-IR에 의한 목탄 표면 관능기 분석은 탄화 전 목분과 각각 $300{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ 사이의 온도에서 제조된 목탄의 IR-스펙트럼 비교로 이루어졌다. 300와 $400^{\circ}C$에서 탄화된 목탄의 표면에는 Lactone, Lactol, Carboxylic acid, Carboxylic anhydride 등의 산성 관능기들을 많이 포함하는 것으로 유추되는 반면, $500^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 탄화된 목탄의 경우에는 Pyrone 계토의 관능기를 많이 포함하는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1996

To utilize the waste materials and develope wood adhesive from isolated bloods of slaughtered cow and pig and also to prevent water pollution, simple and rapid method of isolation and purification of plasma proteins from pig bloods with trichloroacetic acid(TCA) treatment was developed. Adding of TCA-precipitated blood powder to the phenol formaldehyde resin(PF) improved dry and wet strength of plywood and resulted in fast hot pressing times.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권3호통권131호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

북양젓나무(Abies sibirica Ledeb)의 목분, 목섬유, 수피를 탄화하여 획득한 목탄의 물성과 흡착특성을 탄화온도별로 조사하였다. 전체적으로 탄화온도가 상승할수록 탄화수율은 감소하였다. 목탄의 탄소함량은 탄화온도의 상승과 함께 증가하였으나, 수소나 산소의 함량은 감소하였다. 수피탄화물은 목분 또는 목섬유 탄화물과 비교하여 탄화수율이 높게 나타났으며, 수피탄화물 내 회분함량도 상당히 높았다. 목질탄화물의 요오드흡착능은 탄화온도가 높을수록 향상되었으며, 목분이나 섬유 탄화물이 수피탄화물보다 상대적으로 높았다. 기상의 톨루엔에 대한 흡착능은 목탄 종류에 관계없이 $600^{\circ}C$에서 탄화하였을 경우 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 $600^{\circ}C$에서 생산한 목탄이 비표면적과 총세공용적이 가장 크다는 사실로 쉽게 설명되어진다. 초산가스제거율은 고온탄화물일수록 크고, 암모니아 가스 제거율은 $400^{\circ}C$와 같은 저온에서 탄화한 탄화물이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 고온탄화물일수록 알칼리성을 나타내는 반면 저온탄화물은 산성을 나타내는 것에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 목탄의 pH가 산 또는 염기성 가스 흡착능력에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2006

This study was performed to characterize inverse emulsion type cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) and to compare with powder and salt dispersion type PAMs as a retention and drainage aid. Salt dispersion type PAM has defects of high amount of salt which increases conductivity of white water, low active polymer contents and relatively worse retention and drainage properties than others because of its low molecular weight. Powder type PAM has benefit of high active polymer contents and good retention and drainage properties, but defects of low dissolution speed and insoluble particle generation were observed. However, inverse emulsion type showed the best retention and drainage aids among them by controlling molecular weight and morphology easily and it had relatively higher active polymer contents and better solubility.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2001

In odor to develop fillet-type seasoner and mixed powder-type seasoner using smoked mackerel as primary material, processing conditions of the mackerel meat and flavoring extract from various materials were examined. The approximate composition of mackerel meat and mixed powde-type seasoner using mackerel as primary material were 10.9 and 11.7%, for moisture 79.1 and 57.2% for crude protein, 5.3 and 2.9% for crude lipid, and 4.3 and 24.6% for crude ash, respectively. It was suitable to simmer raw mackerel in 3% chitooligosaccaride solution at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min., for the enhancement of reaction their meat and chitooligosaccharide. Considering effect of type of woodsmoke on organoletic properties of mackerel after smoking, oak and mixture(oak wood ＋ citrus wood = 1 : 1) were superior to another woodsmoke, the smoking conditions favoring the most overall preference were 8$0^{\circ}C$, 25min. for smoking time, 20$0^{\circ}C$, 20min. for baking, and 10$0^{\circ}C$. 4hrs. for drying. The optimal material mixing ratio for mixed powder-type seasoner was powder of smoked mackerel 60%, dried anchovy 15%, dried sea tangle 10%. The most appropriate extraction condition of mixed powder seasoner with packing tea bag(10g/bag) was 98$^{\circ}C$ for 5min. in the boiling water.