• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the making method and properties of Hanji(Korean traditional paper) for wallpaper for the purpose of mass production and mass consumption of Hanji. Paper mulberry fiber was longer than wood fiber in length and it had also much extractives and ash in content. Bast fiber was a little damaged in the fibrilation and beating process because it was weak in flexibility and compressive properties. Proper conditions for making two-ply and three-ply Hanji were examined and six kinds of Hanji were made on the basis of the three-ply paper making method. The sample OH(Original Hanji) 2-2 and OH 3-2 among them obtained good results in quality test by appearance from wallpaper makers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.671-681
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• 2017

Oil palm trunk (OPT) is a potential source of biomass for the production of biopellet. In the present research, biopellet were prepared from the meristem part of 25 years old OPT with various percentages of its bark (0, 10, and 30%). The highest biopellet durability was found for biopellet produced at $130^{\circ}C$ of pelletizing temperature with 30% bark content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biopellet showed the weak of particle bonding due to the low pelletizing pressure. The moisture content, unit density, ash content, and caloric value of OPT-based pellets were 3.55-5.35%, $525.56-855.23kg/m^3$, 2.76-3.44%, and 17.89-19.14 MJ/kg, respectively. The combustion profiles obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) seemed to be unaffected by the bark content on. Differential thermal analysis of TGA curve indicated different pyrolysis characteristic of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.509-525
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• 2023

This study has delved into the evolution of Hanji-manufacturing molds and techniques from ancient times to the present, aiming to uncover the current state of traditional Hanji-making techniques. In the absence of records on Hanji-making, various ancient documents, rare books, and documents during the Japanese occupation period, among other artifacts and relics, were analyzed in this study. It was discovered that a sudden significant transformation occurred in the Hanji field during the Japanese occupation period. Soda ash and caustic soda were commonly used for the pretreatment of White bark. Furthermore, a chemical bleaching powder was introduced for the pretreated White bark. Additionally, manual beating of the bark was replaced by mechanical beating methods. While these changes brought convenience to papermakers, they also resulted in a deterioration of Hanji quality. Furthermore, it was revealed that the term "Hanji" has been in use since at least 1908. Furthermore, this study clarified that Heulimtteugi is not the only traditional Hanji-making method in Korea. Instead, there existed Korea's own traditional Gadoomtteugi method, at least up to the 1930s, before the Japanese-style Gadoomtteugi became common in Korea. Additionally, for the first time, this study raises the possibility of the adoption of mold-hanging techniques into Korea's Heulimtteugi method from foreign sources.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.706-710
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• 2010

Understanding of chemical composition and energy contents in tree is important to develope strategies of renewable energy policy to cope with climate change. Residual biomass as renewable energy source was evaluated and focused on the bark-containing branches. Chemical analysis studies were conducted for different part of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), which were partitioned to inner bark, outer bark, small branches, medium branches, big branches and trunk. The variations in hydrophobic extractives, hydrophilic extractives, lignin, carbohydrate compositions, energy contents (higher heating value) and the ash content were determined. The inner and outer bark had higher ash content, hydrophobic and hydrophilic extractives content, and higher energy content than those of tree trunk. Polysaccharides content in inner and outer bark was quite lower than those of stem or branches. Based on the energy content of residual biomass, replacement of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emission abatement were calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2001

관행열기건조방식으로는 결함없이 건조가 불가능한 목공예용 단척 통나무를 건조할 수 있는 마이크로파-진공 건조기를 개발하였다. 이 건조기는 크게 출력 1.5 kW와 주파수 2,450 MHz인 마그네트론 3개와 600리터/분 진공펌프, 100 kg 로드셀, 그리고 폭과 높이가 각각 580 mm, 길이가 1,360 mm인 cavity로 구성되어 있다. 목재건조속도는 마그네트론 주사시간과 정지시간의 비율에 따라 결정되도록 되어 있다. 건조기의 성능을 실험하기 위해 직경 12.5~25 cm, 길이 25~50 cm의 리기다소나무, 은사시나무, 그리고 자작나무 통나무를 건조하였다. 건조결과 약간의 건조결함이 있었으나 비교적 양호하였으며 매우 짧은 시간에 건조할 수 있었다. 또 오리나무와 물푸레나무 생재로 된 제기용 선반가공목은 함수율 4%까지 결함없이 건조할 수 있었다. 통나무길이에 따른 마이크로파-진공 건조의 속도도 은사시나무를 이용하여 비교하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

To conserve wood resources for papermaking, chemical compositions of the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bast fiber cultivated in Korea such as holocellulose, ${\alpha}$-cellulose, lignin, alcohol-benzene extractives, hot and cold water extractives, and ash contents were investigated to manufacture the specialty packaging paper effectively. Significantly very low klason lignin content of 3.3% was accomplished by removing of the outer shell of bark. Laboratory soda pulping method which is very useful for the nonwood fiber was adapted, and it was found that there was no significant difference in both kappa number and H-factor between 25% and 30% NaOH charge. Hemp pulp cooked with the laboratory digester in 25% NaOH at $170^{\circ}C$ were mixed together with the wood pulp(NBKP:LBKP=1:1) in order to find the optimum mixture ratio which exhibited acceptable paper strength properties such as tensile index, burst index, and tear strength. When 10% of hemp soda pulps was mixed with 90% of wood pulps comprised of SwBKP and HwBKP (1:1), all physical strength increased significantly. The physical strength decreased as the amount of hemp pulp increased because the cell wall of bast fiber is very thick which causes low conformability and low fiber-fiber bonding. These results showed that paper made of hemp-wood pulp can be used for the specialty packaging paper which requires both the characteristic surface properties and the high physical strength of hemp fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.358-373
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 산 및 알칼리 처리가 목질계 바이오매스의 주요 화학조성 변화에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 $H_2SO_4$와 NaOH를 각각 1.0 wt%와 2.0 wt% 수용액으로 제조한 후 국내 주요 수종인 백합나무와 낙엽송에 상온에서 72시간 침지 처리하였다. 리그닌, 주요 구성당, 원소분석 등 화학적 특성 분석을 수행하고 그 결과를 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 동일한 화학적 처리에도 수종에 따라 95% 유의수준에서 유의한 결과를 확인하였다. 백합나무는 산 처리에 민감한 변화를 보이는 반면에 낙엽송에서는 알칼리 처리에서 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 두 수종 모두에서 glucose보다는 헤미셀룰로오스에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 바이오매스의 에너지량과 밀접한 관계가 있는 H/C와 O/C 비율을 이용한 Van Krevelen 다이어그램에서는 산 또는 알칼리 처리 종류에 관계없이 수종에 따라 상반된 결과를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 바이오매스 종류에 따라 각기 다른 최적화된 바이오에너지 생산 공정이 필요함을 의미하며, 목재펠릿과 같은 고형 바이오연료 생산의 경우 바이오매스 내 헤미셀룰로오스 및 리그닌 함량 변화로 인하여 내구성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 분석되었다.

• 임산에너지
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• 24권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

친환경적으로 돈분뇨를 처리하기 위하여 목질칩을 이용한 정화조에서 장기 처리한 목질칩과 돈분뇨 성분의 변화 양상을 관찰하였다. 자체 제작한 정화조에 히터를 가동하면서 3일 후 발효 적정온도인 $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$에 도달하였고, $180{\iota}$/일 돈분뇨 분해능을 보기는 정화조에서 사용하는 목질칩의 성분은 돈분뇨의 처리시기가 경과함에 따라 회분의 양이 증가하여 돈분뇨 자체에 포함되어 있는 여러 무기물 함량이 더해진 것으로 보였다. 알칼리와 유기용매추출물 및 Klason 리그닌함량은 거의 변화가 없었고, 무처리칩에 비해 흘로셀룰로오스의 양은 약 10% 감소하여 발효 중 목질칩이 부탄소원으로 이용되었을 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다. 장기 처리된 돈분뇨의 성분 중 무기물 함량($Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;K^+,\;Na^+$ 등)은 무처리칩에 비해 처리기간에 파라 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 중금속(Cd, As, Cu 등)은 거의 검출되지 않았다. 돈분뇨 원액에 비해 전질소 함량은 감소하나 무처리칩보다는 높은 수치를 보여 나중에 돈분뇨를 발효, 분해한 목질칩을 산지의 퇴비화에 사용해도 환경적 문제가 없을 것이라고 판단되었다. 장기 처리에 따른 미생물 변이는 반응기 내의 온도가 급격히 상승하면서 생균수가 증가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

북양젓나무(Abies sibirica Ledeb)를 이용하여 온도별로 탄화한 목분탄, 목섬유탄 및 수피탄 등 목질탄화물에 대한 탄소함량, 세공특성 및 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 목질탄화물의 종류와 관계없이 탄화온도가 상승할수록 탄화수율은 감소하였으며, 목탄의 탄소함량은 탄화온도의 상승과 함께 증가하였으나, 수소나 산소의 함량은 감소하였다. 특히 수피탄화물은 목분 또는 목섬유 탄화물과 비교하여 탄화수율이 높게 나타났으며, 수피탄화물내 회분함량도 상당히 높았다. 목분탄과 목섬유탄의 비표면적이 수피탄보다 큰 경향이 있으며, $600^{\circ}C$까지는 탄화온도의 증가와 함께 비표면적, 전세공용적이 증가하여 최대를 나타내었으나, $800^{\circ}C$로 탄화온도가 상승하면 오히려 비표면적과 총세공용적이 감소되었다. 그러나 평균세공크기는 목탄종류와 관계없이 탄화온도의 상승과 함께 감소하였다. 한편 목탄의 표면 관능기양은 탄화온도가 높을수록 산성인 HCl 흡착량이 많고, 탄화온도가 낮을수록 염기성인 NaOH, $Na_2CO_3$ 및 $NaHCO_3$ 흡착량이 많으며, 이러한 결과는 목탄의 pH에 영향을 주어 고온탄화물은 알칼리성, 저온탄화물은 산성을 나타내는 것으로 생각된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop new application field and obtain the basic data of mixed paper with wood pulp and chitosan fiber for producing functional paper. Two types of wood pulp, such as SwBKP and HwBKP, were mixed with chitosan fiber. Physical and optical properties, water vapor absorption, air permeability, antibacterial activity and ash were measured. And the surface morphology of manufactured paper was observed using SEM. The results are as follows. It was revealed that density, breaking length, burst index, tear index, folding endurance and brightness were reduced but water vapor absorption and air permeability were on the rise in the structural view of SwBKP according to increasing the chitosan fiber ratio. Those HwBKP added chitosan fiber were great not only in the strength but also water vapor absorption and air permeability except for brightness. The water vapor absorption was lower and the air permeability was higher in the HwBKP added various chitosan fiber ratios than those with no chitosan fiber. It is estimated that these properties were related with various mixed rate of chitosan fiber. Particularly, air permeability was strongly dependent on the mixed rate of chitosan fiber. The chitosan fiber has superior antibacterial property, comparing with wood fiber. Adding chitosan fiber to the wood pulp was found to have an excellent antibacterial activity, more than 90%. The ashes were determined within 0.5%. Special bonds between chitosan fiber and wood pulp was observed by SEM and it means that the chitosan fiber were combined equally in the interior of wood pulp. In conclusion, mixing wood pulp with chitosan fiber can not only improves the quality of paper but also extend the usage of paper as a functional paper by using inherent property of chitosan. After all, production of functional paper added chitosan fiber is expected for new valuable industry of paper.