• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

Improving public awareness of wood is crucial for expanding the use of wood and establishing a wood culture. In this study, the environment and trends of the public's wood utilization were analyzed using a questionnaire survey and online text mining at a time when eco-friendly practices are gaining popularity. As a result of reducing climatic and environmental concerns and its positive physical and psychological effects, the use of wood is predicted to rise in areas intimately connected to everyday living, such as wood furniture, wooden structures, and interior materials. Nonetheless, there was a negative awareness that wood was expensive, difficult to maintain, and associated with deforestation. The correlations between wood-related search terms on major Korean portal sites were analyzed and categorized into five groups: Wooden architecture, cultural education, woodworking, wood industry, and wood policy. As a building material, wood was seen as more traditional and friendly than reinforced concrete and stone. Eighty-six percent of respondents expected to utilize wood as a building material in the future, regardless of whether the wood is domestically produced or imported. Sixty-five percent responded favorably about the effects of wood on the health of wooden home inhabitants. It is believed that both active publicity and quantifiable value analysis of human and environmental friendliness are required to increase pro-environment awareness of wood utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Compression, lateral, and opposite woods in the stem and branch of rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum Lamb.), a softwood species indigenous to New Zealand, were described and compared in the anatomical aspects. Qualitatively, growth rings were wide in the compression wood, intermediate in the lateral wood, and narrow in the opposite wood. Tracheid transition from early wood to late wood was very gradual in the compression wood but was more abrupt in both the lateral and opposite woods. When viewed transversely, compression wood tracheids showed a roundish outline except at the growth ring boundary but lateral and opposite wood tracheids were angular to rectangular in outline. Intercellular spaces were occasionally detected in the compression wood except in the late wood at the growth ring boundary but were absent from both the lateral and opposite woods. Slit-like extensions of the bordered pit openings caused by the location of pit apertures within short and narrow helical grooves were observed in the compression wood tracheids but not in the opposite or lateral wood tracheids. In the compression wood tracheids, fine striations in the form of fine checks or grooves were observed on the lumen surfaces and the innermost $S_3$ layer of secondary wall was absent. In the tracheids of lateral and opposite woods, the $S_3$ layer was sometimes absent but occasionally highly developed. Cross-field pits in the compression wood appeared to be piceoid due to slit-like pit apertures but those in the lateral and opposite wood tracheids showed cupressoid to taxodioid. Quantitatively, compression wood tracheids were somewhat shorter than those of opposite or lateral wood in stem but not different from the opposite or lateral wood tracheids in branch. The walls were thicker in the compression wood than in the lateral or opposite wood. Uniseriate rays in the compression wood were fewer than in the lateral or opposite wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.406-419
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• 2011

This study was carried out to offer basic information on the wood anatomy of domestic yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), a new plantation species selected by Korea Forest Service as one of the promising hardwood and bioenergy sources of the future, through comparison of stem wood with root wood in the qualitative and quantitative features. In the qualitative anatomical features, growth rings were distinct in stem wood but relatively less distinct in root wood. And stem wood appeared to have pores in radial multiples of 2 to 5, sometimes clusters but root wood to have pores in radial multiples of 2 to 3, rarely clusters. And numbers of bars in scalariform perforation plates were somewhat numerous in vessel elements of root wood than in those of stem wood. Interestingly, on the other hand, more extraneous materials in the wood rays of tap root than in those of lateral root and stem were confirmed in the chemical composition analyses. In the quantitative anatomical features, pore densities were significantly greater but vessel elements were considerably narrower in stem wood than in root wood. Vessel elements and wood fibers of root wood were considerably longer than those of stem wood. Rays were somewhat more numerous in stem wood than in root wood, and only ray heights of stem wood were more or less greater in cell numbers but both ray heights and widths of stem wood were lower in dimension than those of root wood. The anatomical differences between stem wood and root wood were thought to be associated with different growth environments between the stem above ground and the root below ground.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.555-568
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• 2023

The diffusion strategies of wood culture were established using the analytic hierarchy process, to prepare a diffusion plan of wood culture and wood utilization in response to climate change due to global warming. 'Standardization of wood culture', 'Valuation of wood culture', and 'Habituation of wood culture' were set as three major implementation strategies and priorities were evaluated. As a result, it was analyzed in the following order: 'Development of systematic education programs for each age group for rational and efficient use of eco-friendly wood materials and development of wood education standard guidelines linked to the curriculum', 'Preparation of scientific basis data on human compatibility and eco-friendliness of wood to ensure the reliability of wood and wood products', and 'Establishment of monitoring and improvement plan through the designation as a model school'. Through this, it was determined that an educational environment, changes in public attitudes through publicity, and expanding opportunities to use wood and wood products were necessary for wood culture diffusion. The results of this study can be used as basic data to derive the diffusion strategies of wood culture and establish a roadmap and policy implementation strategy to revitalize wood culture.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.465-469
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• 2010

In order to develop effective recycling technologies of disused railway wood ties, wood properties and residual creosote oil of wood ties were investigated. Among the total 50 wood ties, 32 wood ties were identified as tropical hardwood tree, such as, Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) Naytoh (Palaquium rostratum), and so on. Disused wood ties showed mostly sound structure without degradation of cell walls by decay fungi. Disused wood ties showed high strengths of bending and compressive parallel to grain because degradation of wood properties was hardly occurred in use under exterior condition. Disused railway wood ties had relatively poor depth of penetration and residual of creosote oil because of refractory wood structures. These results suggest that disused railway wood ties may be useful as recycling wood wastes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.430-452
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• 2021

The recent social atmosphere has been a preference for wood utilization and woodworks. The general public does not have many opportunities to enjoy wood culture, so there is a lack of awareness and foundation of wood culture. In this study, classification and case analysis of wood culture were conducted as basic research for establishing a promotion strategy for the general public to enjoy wood culture. The specificity of wood culture and cultural resources was analyzed to establish the concept of wood cultural resources. Through the analysis, wood cultural resources were defined as products created as a result of human activities that implied the cultural value of wood and wood use in terms of conservation, discovery, and utilization. The types of wood cultural resources were classified into seven categories using the classification examples performed on cultural resources: cultural heritage, cultural facilities, cultural festival, wood architecture, culture contents, culture education, and wood products. In addition, cases were searched and proposed for each type of wood cultural resources.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.191-209
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• 2021

Australia has significant wood resources in its native forest, but the resource available for harvest becomes lesser due to the conversion of native forest to conservation reserves. The natural occurrences of bushfires, droughts, and cyclones are highly destructive, making the situation worse. The shortage of wood resources is having a significant negative impact on Australia because wood is so scarce that they cannot meet domestic demands, especially durable wood. Australia cleared approximately 100 million hectares of its land to establish forest plantations, and two million trees were planted. However, most of these plantations are for pulpwood production; however, their application for high-value products is limited due to their undesirable properties. Wood modification is a process of improving unfavorable wood properties to be utilized for a wide range of applications. Australia has not adopted any of these modification processes; it still depends on the less toxic wood preservative to treat wood. This study focuses on the recent advancement in industrial wood modification worldwide and how it may be used to modify Eucalyptus wood for high-value applications. The opportunities and suggestions for Eucalyptus wood modification in Australia will be discussed. Before the study concludes, the future of commercial wood modification for Eucalyptus plantation in Australia will also be presented.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.327-334
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• 2012

Wood and concrete show significantly different physical properties, and it need to be firstly understood for using wood-concrete composite. This study is performed for compensating this and effective hybridization of wood and concrete. This research in planned for wood-concrete composite after previous research which deals the shear performance with different anchorage length of steel rebar in wood. Yield mode and reference design value (Z) were derived using EYM (European Yield Model). And the yield mode changed before and after anchorage length of 10~15 mm - $I_s$ mode to IV mode. There was not increasing tendency of shear performance with increased anchorage length for over 20 mm of anchorage in concrete. And wood composite shows 65% and 93% on initial stiffness and yield load respectively compared with the wood-concrete composite. Wood-concrete composite showed brittle failure after yield point while wood-to-wood composite showed ductile failure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.324-335
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• 2019

Timber from plantation forests has inferior physical and mechanical properties compared to timber from natural forest because it is mostly from fast-growing tree species that are cut at a young age. Filling cell voids with methyl methacrylate (MMA) can improve the wood properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of MMA-impregnated wood from three fast-growing wood species, namely jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.), mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) and pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese). Wood samples were either immersed in MMA monomer or impregnated with it and then heated to induce the polymerization process. Jabon, which was the lowest density wood, had the highest polymer loading, followed by pine and mangium. The physical and mechanical properties of samples were affected by wood species and the presence of MMA, with higher-density wood having better properties than wood with a lower density. Physical and mechanical properties of MMA wood were enhanced compared to untreated wood. Furthermore, the impregnation process was better than immersion process resulting the physical and mechanical properties. Based on MOR values, the MMA woods were one strength class higher compared to untreated wood with regard to Strength Classification of Indonesian Wood.