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Examining the Relationships among Attitude toward Luxury Brands, Customer Equity, and Customer Lifetime Value in a Korean Context (측시이한국위배경적사치품패태도(测试以韩国为背景的奢侈品牌态度), 고객자산화고객종신개치지간적관계(顾客资产和顾客终身价值之间的关系))

  • Kim, Kyung-Hoon;Park, Seong-Yeon;Lee, Seung-Hee;Knight, Dee K.;Xu, Bing;Jeon, Byung-Joo;Moon, Hak-Il
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2010
  • During the past 10 years, sales of luxury goods increased significantly to more than US$ 130 billion in 2007. In this industry, more than half of the revenue comes from Asia where the average income has risen significantly, and the demand for luxury products is forecast to grow rapidly. Purchasing luxury brands appears to be an intriguing social phenomenon that is profitable for companies in this region. As a newly developed country, Korea is one of the most attractive luxury markets in Asia. Currently, a total of 120 luxury fashion brands have entered the Korean market, primarily in luxury districts in Seoul where the competition is fierce. The purposes of this study are to: (1) identify antecedents of attitude toward luxury brands, (2) examine the effect of attitudes toward luxury brands on customer equity, (3) determine the impact of attitudes toward luxury brands on customer lifetime value, and (4) investigate the influence of customer equity on customer life time value. Previous studies have examined materialism, social need, experiential need, need for uniqueness, conformity, and fashion involvement as antecedents of attitude toward luxury brands. Richins and Dowson (1992) suggested that that materialism influences consumption behavior relative to quantity of goods purchased. Nueno and Quelch (1998) reported that the ownership of luxury brands conveys information related to the owner's social status, communicates an image of success and prestige, and is a determinant of purchase behavior. Experiential need is recognized as an important aspect of consumption, especially for new products developed to meet consumer demand. Since luxury goods, by definition are relatively scarce, ownership of these types of products may fulfill consumers' need for uniqueness. In this study, value equity, relationship equity, and brand equity are examined as drivers of customer equity. The sample (n = 114) was undergraduate and graduate students at two private women's universities in Seoul, Korea. Data collection was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire survey in March, 2009. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 15.0 software. Data analysis resulted in a number of conclusions. First, experiential need and fashion involvement positively influence participants' attitude toward luxury brands. Second, attitude toward luxury brands positively influences brand equity, followed by value equity and relationship equity. However, there is no significant relationship between attitude toward luxury brand and customer lifetime value. Finally, relationship equity positively influences customer lifetime value. In conclusion, young consumers are an important potential consumer group that tries different brands to discover the ones most suitable for them. Luxury marketers that use effective marketing strategies to attract and engender loyalty among this potentially lucrative consumer group may increase customer equity and lifetime value.

A Study on the Awareness of Dental Hygiene Freshmen of Major and Occupation (치위생과 신입생들의 전공 및 직업의식에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Mi-Hee
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.277-284
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of dental hygiene freshmen about their major and their occupational consciousness. The subjects in this study were 361 dental hygiene freshmen at three different colleges in Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for their view of occupation, the students made a well-paying job a priority(M = 2.97), and looked upon an occupation as a means of living(M = 1.60). Regarding the use of the profits of dental hospitals and clinics, they believed that they should reinvest their profits in a purchase of machinery, an expansion of facilities or technical development(M = 2.00). 2. Concerning relations between their motivation of college entrance and their satisfaction with their major, 96.6 percent of those who found their major satisfactory or quite satisfactory considered it to right up with their alley. 82.6 percent of them chose their major to get a stable job, and 62.8 percent of them did it through the advice of their families, relatives or regular teachers. 59.1 percent of them did it in consideration of their college entrance examination scores. Every student who were pressed for economic reasons to choose their major were unsatisfied with it. Thus, their motivation of college entrance made a statistically significantly wide difference to their satisfaction with major(p < 0.01). 3. They got a mean of 3.10 in occupational consciousness. By sub- category, they scored highest in interpersonal and work ethics(3.19 respectively). They got a mean of 3.04 in academic ethics, and got a mean of 2.99 in professional ethics, which was the lowest mark. 4. As to connections between their general characteristics and occupational consciousness, their occupational awareness was significantly different according to their motivation of college entrance and information they acquired at the time of college entrance(p < 0.05). In regard to the relationship of their satisfaction with major to their occupational awareness, their occupational consciousness statistically significantly varied with their department, their willingness of staying as a dental hygienist, the future prospect of dental hygienist (p < 0.01).

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A study on the smile of Korean Youth compared with twenty years ago (20년전과 비교한 한국청년의 미소 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Beom, Seung-Gyun;Jung, Ji-Hye;Kim, Tae-Young;Lee, Kyung-Eun;Dong, Jin-Keun
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.162-168
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: Teeth are generally exposed when people smiling. Moreover, the exposed teeth and soft tissue when smiling becomes an important guideline for esthetically prosthetic restoration. This research is to compare and find out differences of Korean young men's smile living in presence and twenty years ago. Materials and methods: Subjects, 100 young men (50 male and 50 female), were required about several aspects; normally developed physical condition, no psychological or genetic disorders, a fine face with no loss of teeth, no experience in orthodontic or prosthetic treatment, relatively normal occlusion, aged between 20-29. The photos of the subject at rest position and front face when fully smiled were taken three times. 100 photos (50 male and 50 female) were chosen at random from the 240 university students' smile photos taken by Yoon and his colleagues in 1991. By Hulsey's method of measuring smile, several factors; the change of upper lip curvature, the change of the relation between the upper lip and teeth, parallelism between Mx. incisor and lower lip, contact relation between Mx. incisor and lower lip and teeth displayed in a smile, were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, ten dentists assessed aesthetic evaluation about men and women's smile for twice and recorded and compared smile score. The -test (P<.05) was used to compare the measured value. The difference of smile score was analyzed by t-test (P<.05). Results: The smile score calculated in 2011 (60.22) was higher than that of 1991 (52.80). Among five measurement categories, the noticeable difference was distinguished from two factors; the change of upper lip curvature and contact relation between Mx. incisor and lower lip. Conclusion: The Korean young men's smile has been considerably improved for twenty years. And it is found that the change of upper lip curvature plays an important role, that is, the smile formed with an ascended labial commissure has been increased significantly.

A Statistical Analysis on Nursing-Related These in Korea (우리나라 간호학 및 간호학 관련 학위논문 분석)

  • Kim, Hui-Geol;Lee, Yeong-Suk
    • The Korean Nurse
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.68-81
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    • 1996
  • In order to see the development of nursing related research activities in Korea over the last three decades, abstracts of almost all of the Masters and Ph. D. theses that had appeared from 1961 up to August 1991 were collected. Number of theses amounted to 1779(76%) out of a total of 2354 theses. We analysed the papers research patterns, which are research problem, research design, population, place. Here is what we have found. 1). The types of research problems were as follows. 58.0% papers did factor-analysis, 29.1% studied factor~relations, 11.4% situation relations and 1.5% did situation~creations. With respect to the years, we found that the factor-analysis papers decreased with time but the factor~relating, the situation -relating, and the situation~creating papers were increased. Especially the situation-creating paper increased notably since the 80s'. Relating to the kind of degrees, we found that for M.S.theses 60.2% of the papers did factor-analysis, 29.0% the factor-relating studies, 10.4% the situation-relating studies, and 0.4% the situation -creating studies. For the Ph.D. theses 30.5% did the factor~relating, 30.5% the situation-relating. and 20.0% the situation-creating papers. Considering the graduate schools, we found that the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education produced about the same number of papers of each kind, but 81.2% and 64.6% papers produced by the graduate school of public health and the graduate school of public administration, respectively, did the factor-analysis thus taking majority of the papers. 2). Research designs were as follows : 10.8% experimental studies, 89.0% non experimental studies, and 0.2% quality studies were found. So the majority of the research designs were nonexperimental. We see a meaningful difference between the M.S.theses showing 9.8% experimental studies and 90. 1% nonexperimental studies. and Ph.D. theses showing 28.4% experimental studies and 68. 4% nonexperimental studies. Relating to the graduate schools, we find that the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education with 15.8% and 10.6% experimental studies respectively, did a little more experimental studies than other schools. but still the regular graduate schools, the graduate school of public health, and the graduate school of education each show 83.8%, 97.4%, and 89.4% nonexperimental studies, so most schools are concentrating on nonexperimental studies. 3). On the relation between research problem and research design, experimental studies show 88.0% of situation-relations and 6.8% of factor-relations. Nonexperimental studies had factor-analysis taking the majority by 64.4% and 31.9% were factor-relations. 4). On the research subjects, we have 90.8% of the papers dealing with a single subject and 9.2% of the papers dealing with two or more subjects. Most of the research subjects are patients or nurses for the regular graduate schools and the graduate school of education, but for the graduate school of administration as much as. 60% of the studies took nurses as subjects. Subjects taken were patients, nurses. and students in decreasing order for the M.S. theses and for patients, women, and nurses again in decreasing order for the Ph.D.theses. 5). On the places of study, we've had 47, 8% of the studies done in hospital rooms, 15, 1% in schools, and 9, 6% in the local community, With respect to the years, we found 36.7% in the hospital rooms, 22.4% in the schools, and 14, 8% in the local communities in the 1970's and 50.1%in the hospital rooms, 13.4% in the schools. and 9, 2% in the local communities in the 80's.

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Dietary Life Status of Korean Prisoners' and the Background during the Period of Japanese Ruling (일제하(日帝下)(1920년대) 조선인수형인(朝鮮人受刑人)의 식생활상황(食生活狀況)과 그 배경(背景))

  • Kim, Chon-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.56-68
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    • 2003
  • The objects of this study are to find out (1) real situation of the food supply in prison under Imperial Government of Japan more cleary (historical meaning) and (2) which might help in understanding wrong present food consumption patterns in Korea which causes environmental as well as health problems. It is generally known that the length of the Japanese occupation for Korea is 36 years. However, it is concluded in this study that it was longer (70 years ; from 1875 to 1945 from when Japanese Army attacked and occupied Yungjongdo and Kanghwado island to e time when they were defeated on World War II.) Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910 then the Imperial Government of Japan dismissed the Korea Army, controlled the Office of Justice and the management of prison by force. Since then about 50% of all land was fell into Japanese Government ownership and 80% of Korean farmers became as tenant. After this change, Korea farmers were forced to pay extremely high rent (up to 80% of its harvest). Forced immigration, low price procurement of grain by Japanese government up to more than 30%of their production, was practiced. Accordingly, the food situation of Korean farmers became miserable, which may caused more violations of Imperial Japanese Law. Malnutrition, epidemic diseases, mortality rate of infants soared and average life expectancy shortened to 20-30 years old. This was the period of World Economic Crises and Food Crises in Japan. It was said then that if one Japanese comes to Korea then 200 Koreans will starved to death. Meanwhile, Proconsul Bureau of Chosun requested to the Department of Medicine, the Imperial University of Kyungsung to survey food supply situation of Koreans in prison throughout Korea. Objectives of the survey then was not only to find out scientifically whether it is agreeable in maintaining prisoner's health and also find out the possibility to save food during food crisis. Survey was started from 1923 and ended in 1945, and it focussed on prisoners in the Seodaemoon Prison. This report is the outcome of the first survey. They concluded that the food supplied was nutritionally (had) no problem, in compare with those of workers in the factory, students in the dormitory in Japan and with those of prisoners in Taiwan, France and Germany. Amount of grain supplied were different according to their work lord and was divided into 9 different levels. Total grain was consisted of 50% millet, 30% soybean and 20% indica rice(variety). However, there were no difference in the amount of supply of side dishes between work groups. For the highest working group, 3280g of boiled grain per day was supplied to make stomach full but as a side dishes, salty fermented bean paste, fermented fish and salty soups, etc. was supplied. Deficiency of animal protein were observed, however, high intake of soybean may possibly caused animal protein deficiency problem. On the contrary, the intake of water soluble vitamins were insufficient but the level of calcium and iron intake seems to be sufficient, however, imbalance of intake of nutrition may caused low absorbtion rate which might caused malnutrition. High intake of dietary fiber and low intake of cholesterol may possibly prohibited them from so called modem disease but may caused the defect in disease resistancy againist epidemics and other traditional disease. Over intake of salt(20-30g per day) was observed. Surveyors who attended in this survey, mentioned that the amount of food intake may nutritionally be sufficient enough but the quality of food(and possibly, the taste of food) were like that of animal feed. For the officials who received this report might consider that considering the war situation and food crisis, the supply situation of food in the prison may considered to be good enough(because they are not starving). But as a Korean who studied this report, one feel extremely pity about those situation because (situation of) those period were very harsh under the Imperial Law and keeping the Law by Koreans were almost impossible, therefore, about one third adult violated the Law and were put into jail. And they were treated like animals.

Psychological Make-up of Korean Green Consumerism: A Path Model Analysis (한국록색소비심리구성(韩国绿色消费心理构成):일개로경분석모형(一个路径分析模型))

  • Kim, Joo-Ho;Kim, Yeon-Shin
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.249-261
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    • 2010
  • As consumers' concern for the environment has continued to increase, many firms have actively engaged in environmental marketing to achieve their objectives. However, consumers' high concerns about the environment are not always reflected in their purchasing behavior. This indicates the need for an in-depth understanding of the development of green consumption within the individual's belief system. In consideration of psychological approaches, a large body of research has examined the factors underlying ecologically conscious "green" consumer behavior and the interrelationships of these factors. However, most previous studies have concentrated on Western countries. Using a sample of Korean consumers, this study attempts to understand the basis of Korean green consumerism and find universal values that are cross-culturally important in guiding consumers' environmental attitudes and behaviors. To this end, this study relates Schwartz's 10 universal values (Schwartz 1992) to environmental behaviors in a hierarchical model of value-attitude-behavior. With reference to the value-attitude-behavior framework, the conceptual model developed for the study explains what motivations can be manifested in Korean consumers' environmental attitudes, and subsequently how the attitudes affect their green choices. Using the pattern of relationships among values that can be related to environmentalism, the first hypothesis holds that there would be particular relationships between motivational value types and environmental attitudes. Hypothesis 2 assumes that environmental attitudes predict environmental behaviors. On the basis of the claim that favorable attitudes toward the environment may be expressed in many different behaviors, the assumption is that consumers' favorable attitudes toward the environment would be linked to a variety of environmental behaviors because people with high environmental attitudes can be more interested in and knowledgeable about environmental actions. Consistent with H2, H3 hypothesizes that there would be a positive relationship between different types of environmental behavior. A total of 564 university students participated in the study. The sample included 308 men, 254 women, and two participants who did not indicate their gender. The average age of the participants was 22.5 years, with a range of 19 to 39. Regarding majors, special efforts were made to draw the participants from different departments of the university. Data were collected by a survey administered via self-completion questionnaires., which assessed the participants' value priorities, environmental attitudes, and behaviors. Path analysis conducted to test the proposed model found the overall fit to be ${\chi}^2$=72.01 (p=0.00), GFI=0.983, CFI=0.982, NFI=0.970, RMR=0.070, and REMSEA=0.050. Thus, most of the fit measures indicated a good fit of the model with the data, and a hierarchical relationship from values to environmental attitudes to environmental non-purchasing behavior to environmental purchasing behavior was confirmed. An assessment of all the predicted paths by path coefficients led to several major hypothesized effects being confirmed. Out of the ten value types, universalism and power were significantly but conversely related to environmental attitudes. In line with the other studies, these findings confirm that environmental attitudes are an important factor in leading to a variety of green behaviors. Finally, significant relationships were found between environmental purchasing and non-purchasing behaviors. The path analysis supported the idea that universalism values provide a motivation for Korean consumers' greenness and indirectly promote environmental acts through favorable attitudes toward the environment. Participants with high environmental attitudes were found to actively engage in diverse forms of green consumer behavior. This research provides an opportunity to examine cross-cultural differences with respect to values leading to environmentalism, and, further, to verify previous findings. The study also examined the attitude-behavior relationship with respect to three distinct types of environmental behaviors. The different strengths of paths between green attitudes and behaviors suggest that researchers should consider the specificity of behavior explained as an effort to improve the low attitude-behavior correlation. Finally, the findings here illustrate that with increased environmental concerns among people, they come to include more such behaviors in their green portfolios.

Requirements and Self-evaluation of Competencies Necessary to be Effective Nutrition Teachers Perceived by School Food Service Dieticians (학교급식 영양사가 인식하는 효과적인 영양교사의 역량 요구도와 자기 평가)

  • Lee, Kyung-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.626-635
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    • 2009
  • The purposes of the study were to identify a comprehensive competency list related to the jobs of nutrition teachers and to compare the competency needs for nutrition teachers and dieticians' competency levels. Job functional areas and a competency list for nutrition teachers were developed based on a review of literature and revised through expert panel reviews. A total of 53 competency statements associated with 11 job functional areas were specified. Questionnaires were distributed to 457 dieticians engaged in school food service and 148 responses were returned (response rate: 32.4%). Excluding incomplete responses, 142 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Approximately half of the respondents were enrolled in an 1-year nutrition teacher certificate program, 25% in a graduate school of nutrition education, and 19% had completed an 1-year nutrition teacher certificate program. The dieticians highly rated requirements of the competencies related to sanitation and employee safety, nutrition counseling, nutrition education, and teaching practices; in contrary, their competency levels for nutrition education, nutrition counseling, and teaching practices were low. Respondents' competency levels were significantly lower than the required competency levels of effective nutrition teachers in all functional areas. A quadratic analysis based on the requirement and self-evaluation of the competencies revealed that priorities of education programs targeting school nutrition teachers or students preparing to be nutrition teachers should be placed on improving competencies related to nutrition education, nutrition counseling, teaching practices, sanitation and employee safety, menu management, and human resource management. These results can be used to develop curriculum materials for basic and continuing professional education for nutrition teachers. It is necessary to review and update competencies regularly to reflect environmental changes in school food service programs.

Suitability of Domestic Grape, Cultivar Campbell's Early, for Production of Red Wine (국내재배 Campbell's Early 포도품종의 적포도주 제조 적합성)

  • Park, Won-Mok;Park, Hyuk-Gu;Rhee, Sook-Jong;Lee, Cherl-Ho;Yoon, Kyung-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.590-596
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    • 2002
  • The domestic grape, cultivar Campbell's Early, was investigated for suitability for production of red wine. The factors for red wine fermentation and quality such as concentrations of sugar, acidity and organic acids in the fresh fruit and the wine from the grape were analyzed. The average concentration of sugar in the fruit was 14%. Since the concentration was not sufficient for fermentation, sugar was added up to 23%. It resulted in production of wine with 12% of alcohol. The total acidity and pH of the fruit were 0.8% and pH 3.4 respectively. Those were optimum levels for fermentation. The fruit contained 3,649 ppm of tartaric acid, 5,339 ppm of malic acid and 948 ppm of citric acid. The wines from Icheon and Youngdong, which were fermented from the grape and M wine which was an imported red wine, were tested. Their pH were 3.5, 3.4 and 3.7, and total acidities were 0.75%, 0.71% and 0.57%, respectively. They contained 1,881 ppm, 2,098 ppm and 8,534 ppm of tartaric acid, 3,033 ppm, 1,952 ppm and undetectable amount of malic acid, 769 ppm, 389 ppm and undetectable amount of citric acid, and 3,337 ppm, 2,368 ppm and 11,991 ppm of lactic acid. This results indicated that M wine contained much more amounts of tartaric acid and lactic acid than the wines of Icheon and Youngdong. The sensory analysis showed that Korean students preferred Youngdong and Icheon wine to M wine. The analytic results indicated that the domestic grape, cultivar Campbell's Early, is suitable source for high quality red wine.

Development and Validation of the Korean Tier 3 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Implementation Fidelity Checklist (KT3-FC) (한국형 긍정적 행동지원 3차 실행충실도 척도(KT3-FC)의 개발과 타당화)

  • Won, Sung-Doo;Chang, Eun Jin;Cho Blair, Kwang-Sun;Song, Wonyoung;Nam, Dong Mi
    • Korean Journal of School Psychology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.165-180
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    • 2020
  • As a tiered system of supports, School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) is an evidence-based practice in the educational system of Korea. An important aspect of SWPBS is the ongoing progress monitoring and evaluation of implementation fidelity. This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean Tier 3 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Implementation Fidelity Checklist (KT3-FC). The preliminary KT3-FC consisted of a 37-item, 6-factor checklist. In the first phase of the study, 10 experts reported that the range of content validity of the KT3-FC was adequate. In the second phase of the study, 185 teachers (52 men and 133 women) who implemented SWPBS completed the KT3-FC, Individualized Supports Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and PBS Effectiveness Scale. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor structure, with 20 items, instead of 37 items, consisting of: (a) progress monitoring and evaluation of the individualized supports, (b) provision of supports by aligning and integrating mental health and SWPBS, (c) crisis management planning, (d) problem behavior assessment, and (e) establishment of individualized support team. The internal consistency of the KT3-FC was good (full scale α = .950, sub-factor α = .888 ~ .954). In addition, the KT3-FC showed good convergent validity, having statistically significant correlations with the Individualized Support Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and the PBS Effectiveness Scale. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-factor model of the KT3-FC had some good model fits, indicating that the newly developed fidelity measure could be a reliable and valid tool to assess the implementation of Tier 3 supports in Korean schools. Accordingly, the KT3-FC could contribute to implement SWPBS as an evidence-based behavioral intervention for Korean students.

A Study on the Policy Directions of Sports Welfare in Gangwon Province for Improving Quality of Life (삶의 질 향상을 위한 강원도 스포츠복지 정책방향 연구)

  • Kim, Heung-Tae;Kim, Tae-Dong
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.13 no.8
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    • pp.411-424
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the feasible policy directions for sports welfare that can not only improve the standard of living through health but also ensure a happy and enjoyable life for the people of Gangwon Province. For this purpose, I have conducted studies such as the analysis on the sports class voucher project being implemented by the South Korean government and the case analysis in sports welfare, and present policy directions as follows. First of all, it is about upgrading the sports class voucher project. And as its implementation plans, I suggest ① increased publicity, ② the earmarking of the province's own budget for the sports class voucher project, ③ the establishment of a system for cooperation for work implementation between the related organizations and their staff in charge with a view to activating the sports class voucher project, and ④ the upgraded services for the sports class voucher project and the upgraded access to the life cycle-based universal welfare. Second, it is about using public sports facilities and developing various programs. I suggest the active utilization of the public sports facilities that enable people to learn the skills for such sports disciplines as baseball, badminton, ice sports, and golf and the development and distribution of distinctive educational programs for dance for media entertainment shows for female youths, climbing, cheer leading, fencing, surfing and horseback riding. Third, it is about nurturing the human resources and networking. For this, I suggest the creation of 'Sports Welfare Specialist Training Program' and the training of the college students majoring in sports science with the aim of creating a number of jobs. Fourth, it is about refurbishing the system and establishing the support system. I suggest the dismantling of the partitions in the welfare policy related to sports activities and the formation of (tentatively named) 'Gangwon Province Sports Welfare Implementation Committee', and the creation of (tentatively named) 'Sports Welfare Project Support Team' in Health, Welfare & Women's Affairs Bureau or Culture, Tourism and Sports Bureau in the short term and then its long-term expansion into (tentatively named) 'Gangwon Province Sports Welfare Support Center' in responding to the needs that reflect the provincial demographics, with a view to establishing a single lineup for the administrative support system. Furthermore, as budget and manpower are needed to realize customized sports welfare that suits the characteristics of the province and in which all the provincial residents can collect benefits, I suggest that the province provide the legal basis through creating 'Ordinance Promoting Sports Welfare in Gangwon Province' and pushing forward with (tentatively named) 'Gangwon Province Sports Welfare Competition' as what revises the sports class voucher project for the purpose of broadening the basis for sports welfare promotion.