• Title/Summary/Keyword: women

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Factors Affecting Women Micro and Small-Sized Enterprises' Success: A Case Study in Jordan

  • THAHER, Lubna Mohammad;RADIEAH, Nor Mohd;WAN NORHANIZA, Wan Hasan
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.727-739
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    • 2021
  • Over the past decades, the Jordanian government has made great efforts to help poor women start small businesses by providing microcredit and facilitating financial services. Although in Jordan almost hundreds of thousands of women have the ability to contribute more fully to their economy, they are reluctant to do so. Women's participation in economic activities in 2016 was only 13.2%, while the unemployment rate for Jordanian women was 24.1%. The decline in women's participation in small business management has gradually become an important issue following the trial of more than 13,000 Jordanian women for non-payment of their micro-loans. This study aims to identify the factors that hinder Jordanian women from achieving job stability. In this qualitative study, a semi-structured interview method with sixteen open-ended questions was used to collect relevant data. A purposeful sampling method is also used to select participants. To analyze the data, this study used NVivo 11 software as a method. Using System Theory, this study showed that women's failure depends on three factors: women entrepreneurs, the environment around women entrepreneurs, and micro-financial institutions. Findings of this study suggest that strengthen women's entrepreneurship sustainability and minimize the risk of failure should be done through integrated strategies include these three domains.

Comparison of Needs for Pregnancy and Postpartum Adaptation of Chinese Immigrant Women and Vietnamese Immigrant Women in South Korea (중국과 베트남 결혼이주여성의 임신과 산후적응 요구 비교)

  • Jeong, Geum Hee;Kim, Kyung Won;Baik, Sunghee
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: To identify needs for pregnancy and postpartum adaptation of Chinese immigrant women and Vietnamese immigrant women in South Korea. Methods: A descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected from 244 Chinese immigrant women and Vietnamese immigrant women from 3 provinces, 20 health care centers, and multi-cultural family support centers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: An average score for needs perceived by Chinese immigrant women was significantly higher than that perceived by Vietnamese immigrant women. There were significantly differences in physical and emotional adaptation after childbirth, nutrition during pregnancy, cross cultural understanding and personal respect, and adaptation daily activity during pregnancy between the 2 groups. The highest score of needs in Chinese immigrant women was for nutrition during pregnancy and that in Vietnamese immigrant women was for baby rearing and family support. Conclusion: Based on needs of pregnancy and postpartum adaption, nursing intervention program in consideration of cultural characteristics of Chinese immigrant women and Vietnam immigrant women need to be developed for their pregnancy and postpartum health care.

Reproductive Health Promotion Behavior of Infertility Women and Normal Women (난임 및 정상 여성의 생식건강증진행위)

  • Lee, Chaenam;Lee, Naeyoung
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.207-218
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: To compare reproductive health promoting behaviors (RHPBs) of infertile women with those of normal women and identify effects of RHPB on infertility. Methods: A total of 148 females (73 infertile women and 75 normal women) were enrolled in this study. Measurements included their general characteristics and RHPB using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, ANCOVA, and hierarchical logistic regression using SPSS. Results: There were significant difference in incomes, number of family, number of term deliveries, and number of abortions according to infertility diagnosis. Mean duration of infertility was 32.16 months. Only 12.32% women had known cause of infertility. The most common cause of infertility was unknown. Mean RHPB score was 3.98 for infertile women and 4.41 for normal women. In logistic regression, total RHPB (odds ratio [OR], 0.21) and safe sex of RHPB (OR, 0.66) were significant factors influencing infertility. Infertile women's total RHPB and subcategories of RHPB (safe sex behavior and sexual transmitted disease [STD] prevention) were lower than those of normal women. Conclusion: For infertility women, RHPB-related intervention programs are needed, especially information about safe sex behavior and STD prevention.

The Study of Correlations between Body Compositions and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women and Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density (젊은 여성과 대퇴경부 저골밀도 폐경기 여성의 신체조성과 골밀도의 상관관계 연구)

  • Shin, Seung-Sub
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2011
  • Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

Comparative Study on Social Support and Perceived Health between Obese Women and Normal Weight Women (비만여성과 정상체중 여성의 사회적지지 및 건강지각의 비교)

  • Kim, Jeong-Ah;Wang, Myoung-Ja
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.587-599
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare abdomen-fat rate, life style and social-support between normal weight women and obese women. Method: 304 women objectives from their 30 to 59 years of age were selected living in Je-chon city, Chung-Buck province and their height and weight were measured from April 1st to June 30th, 2003. Data were classified into low-weight group ($18.5kg/m^2$), normal-weight group ($18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$), over weight group ($23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$), and obese group ($25kg/m^2$) following the Korean Conference of Obesity, 2001. in which 119 people in the normal weight group and 91 people in the obese group, i.e. total 210 people were analyzed in sequence. Using SPSS Win 10.1 Program, frequency and percentile, and by ANOVA, $X^2-test$ and t-test were treated. Results: The average age of obese women was 46.68 distributing 40.7% of forties and 39.6% of fifties while normal-weight women were average 41.73-year old distributing 53.8% of forties and 34.5% of thirties, which revealed aged in obese women. The body fat rate of obese women averaged $37.52{\pm}4.17%$, in which 98.9% of obese women and 21.0% of normal weight women with a more than 30% of body-fat rate resulted in a higher body-fat rate in obese women. The waists of obese women averaged $88.37{\pm}8.22cm$, in which more than 85cm showed in obese women of 68.2% and normal weight women of 7.6% indicating a higher waist-fat rate in obese women. The abdomen-fat rate of more than 0.85 of waist vs hip-fat showed 74.7% in obese women and 58.4% in normal weight women, indicating a higher abdomen-fat rate in obese women. Obese women and normal weight women showed significant differences in education level, number of children, religion, menstrual status, and mother's weight. Especially, obese women ate hotter or saltier food than normal weight women preferring meat. However, no significant differences appeared in marital status, social economic status. occupation. eating habits. smoking. drinking and physical exercise. Social support levels showed a lower rate in obese women than in normal weight women, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Observing areas of social support, obese women showed lower rates in attachment/intimacy, social integrity, opportunity of foster and confidence in value except help and instruction, which indicated a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Social support for obese women showed significant differences in age, education level, social hierarchy, religion and menstrual status. Obese women were more negative than normal weight women in health recognition, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<.01). Normal weight women showed higher health recognition when provided high social support and significantly low (p<.01) health recognition when provided low social support. However, there was no significant difference in health recognition in obese women whether high or low social support was given. The health recognition of obese women showed significant differences in age, education level, social hierarchy, number of children, menstrual status, physical exercise, eating habits, eating taste and preference of food. Conclusion: Obese women showed elder than normal-weight women, higher body-fat rate and abdomen-fat rate, lower social support, and a tendency to more negative health recognition. Therefore, providing weight-control programs for the treatment of obesity and prevention of recurrence for obese women to prevent progressing to adult disease and promote a healthy life, we suggest that better eating habits and the encouragement of regular physical exercise should be included, as well as total approachment on change of health recognition and social support would be needed.

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An Attitudinal Study on Women (여성에 대한 태도분석)

  • 여정희
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.347-355
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: This study was formed to propose a theoretical background for improving the quality of women's lives by measuring the subjectivity on women. Method: Q-methodology is used for purpose. Q-statements are collected through in-depth interviews and a literature review. 34 Q-statements were selected. There are 33 subjects in the research. The Q-Factor Analysis using PC Quanl program was performed to analyze the data. Result: There were three types of opinions on woman. The first type(equal-recognitive) thinks that men and women are equal, women can handle men, and women are independent, valuable beings. The second type(equal-fixed idea) express that women are not behind men in terms of abilities but are supposed to live for the sake of their husbands and children. The third type(equal-practical) answer that men and women are equal, but women have their own personalities and can participate in social activities and can financially help the families. Conclusion: The study express the overall opinions and attitudes on woman as reviewed by the research subjects. Therefore, this study helps the seizure of an opportunity to build a theoretical base for improving the quality of women's lives.

A Study on Health Status of Elderly Women in Urban Area (도시 여성노인의 주관적 건강상태)

  • Cho, Dong-Sook
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: The study was done to identify the perceived health status of elderly women and men, and define the difference between the two groups. Method: The subjects of this study were 209 elderly people over 60 years living in urban areas. The data was collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from September to October 2002. Data was categorized by content analysis and then data was analyzed with the SPSS program by frequency and Chi-square tests. Result: Elderly women complained of types of pain(leg pain, arthritis, lumbago, headache) more than elderly men. Elderly men complained about decreased levels of activities such as walking and general weakness. Elderly men and women have discomforts in daily living such as walking and doing household chores. First, elderly men and women want good health and improvement of health status. Second, women want happiness for their offspring, but men want to improve the government and the laws. Conclusion: Elderly women want relief from pain, but elderly men want an increased level of activity. The findings of this study give useful information to conduct health education and care for elderly women.

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Identity of Women's Health Nursing (여성건강간호학의 정체성)

  • Lee, Kyung-Hye
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.36-46
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    • 1998
  • This paper describes why maternity nursing need to be extended and expanded to women's health nursing. Women's health nursing was developed and influenced by philosophical reasoning such as existentialism, feminism, and postmodernism. Also social changes accelerated to progress the maternity nursing to women's health nursing. Reproductive health is the core concept of women's health nursing as well as maternity nursing. The major content of women's health nursing includes maternity nursing area. Thus those researchers who study women's health nursing should take initiative role in multidisciplinary researches to solve health problem and improve the quality of women's life.

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