• Language and Information
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-75
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• 2008

English absolutes and free adjuncts, despite their abridged syntactic forms, function as full subordinating adverbial clauses, with their semantic roles varied according to the interpretation of the matrix clauses. This paper investigates how to represent the syntactic structures and semantic variability of absolutes and free adjuncts in a unified way, accounting for overlapping properties among various subtypes of the constructions on the one hand, and differences on the other. In the proposed analysis, the clausal properties of absolutes and free adjuncts are captured by the subject selecting property and the clausal meaning associated with a predicative phrase, thus not calling for a null verb or complementizer. In classifying and defining diverse subtypes of the constructions via type constraints, the present work also provides an account of different uses of with involved in absolutes and free adjuncts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 1998

Volatile flavor components of extracts produced from the domestic angelica root, which are oleoresin and absolutes type, for tobacco flavoring materials were isolated by solvent extraction method and were analyzed by GC and GC/MSD. And then volatile flavor components of oleoresin were compared with volatiles isolated from absolutes. A total of 65 components were identified in the angelica root extracts, from which 41 components were identified in the oleoresin volatiles, contained 15 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 6 acids, 10 esters and 2 miscellaneous components. The major components were hexadecanoic acid (7.79%), methyl palmitate (6.49%), ethyl palmitate (2.02 %) and sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene alcohols, such as elemol (2.92 %), ${\gamma}$-selinene (2.19%), $\beta$-selinene (2.02%), $\alpha$-eudesmol (3.49%) and $\beta$-eudesmol (6.12%). On the other hand, volatiles of absolutes, from which 60 components were identified, contained 28 hydrocarbons, 14 alcohols, 5 acids, 10 esters and 3 miscellaneous components. The major components were hyrocarbons, such as undecane (5.11 %), dodecane (3.10%) and pentadecane (1.14 %), and $\alpha$-muurolene (1.64 %), ${\gamma}$-selinene (1.49%), $\beta$-selinene (2.12 %), $\alpha$-eudesmol (2.25%), $\beta$-eudesmol (4.87%), hexadecanoic acid (12.67%) and hexanoic acid (1.87 %).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins isolated from Elsholtzia ciliata and the biological activities of them. Yields of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins were 0.34%, 11.33% and 15.24%, respectively. The major component was naginate ketone in essential oils, methyl linolenate in absolutes and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresins. Eseential oils and oleoresins showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidatve lipid peroxidation systems. $EC_{50}$ values in neutral red uptake assays 24 h of exposure times were $23.3\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $341.0\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $17.2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins, respectively, and essential oils and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Absolutes and oleoresins did not show antibiotic and mutagenic activities. On the contrary, essential oils with over $500\;{\mu}g/plate$ showed antibiotic and mutagenic activities in Ames test. Essential oils and oleoresins have a prolongating effect the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.264-273
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• 2002

Adaptive filters cannot exactly estimate the echo path of the receiving room because of the cross-correlation of stereo signals. In this paper, a new pre-processing method reducing the cross-correlation without degradation of stereophony is proposed to enhance the performance of stereophonic acoustic echo canceller. To reduce the cross-correlation, absolutes of two orthogonal signals derived from each channel signals are added to original channel signals. Assuming that the power of each channel signal is larger than that of the cross-correlation, the computation of pre-processing can be reduced. As results of simulations, it is shown that the performance of stereo acoustic echo canceller with the proposed pre-processing method is better than that of conventional ones.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.527-544
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• 2013

William Shakespeare's dirge, "The Phoenix and the Turtle," is still a crux in the Shakespearean canon and interpretation. The poem is still believed a dark allegory dealing with some arcane and obscure courtly matters and politics. However, we cannot recover its allegorical significance. This interpretive situation enforces us to read the poem as a self-conscious artwork in terms of its paradoxical language and meta-poetic metaphors. Paradox, as a subspecies of metaphor, challenges categorical and judgmental absolutes, and produces a sense of wonder in reconciling the logically contradictory opposites. In this poem the urn containing the ashes of the phoenix and the turtle is the icon of the mysterious unity of art, born of the wonderful marriage of male and female. Shakespeare's poem demonstrates in itself the magical power of poetic language in transforming an elegy into an epithalamion. The union of the phoenix and the turtle defies the singularity of their respective entity, and at the same time it retains their distinctive particularity of the two-ness. This neo-Platonic mystery of the "married chastity" is a paradox which confounds reason and verifies the poetic truth of imaginative intellect. The marriage of Christian perichoresis is crystallized in the artwork of the urn, which is admired at by posterity, though the marriage was issueless, due to its passing virtue. "The Phoenix and the Turtle" depicts the metaphor-making process and its effect, the poem.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2000

This paper is related to color image segmentation scheme which makes it possible to achieve the excellent segmented results by block-based segmentation using Y/C bit-plane summation image. First, normalized chrominance summation image is obtained by normalizing the image which is summed up the absolutes of color-differential values between R, G, B images. Secondly, upper 2 bits of the luminance image and upper 6bits of and the normalized chrominance summation image are bitwise operated by the pixel to generate the Y/C bit-plane summation image. Next, the Y/C bit-plane summation image divided into predetermined block size, is classified into monotone blocks, texture blocks and edge blocks, and then each classified block is merged to the regions including one more blocks in the individual block type, and each region is selectively allocated to unique marker according to predetermined marker allocation rules. Finally, fine segmented results are obtained by applying the watershed algorithm to each pixel in the unmarked blocks. As shown in computer simulation, the main advantage of the proposed method is that it suppresses the over-segmentation in the texture regions and reduces computational load. Furthermore, it is able to apply global parameters to various images with different pixel distribution properties because they are nonsensitive for pixel distribution. Especially, the proposed method offers reasonable segmentation results in edge areas with lower contrast owing to the regional characteristics of the color components reflected in the Y/C bit-plane summation image.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.388-407
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• 1995

This study is (a) to describe the history of Total Quality Management (TQM) generated in the industry, health care service, and nursing society ; (b) to define the concept, total quality management including the definition of quality ; (C) to explain the each principle of TQM theory developed by main theorists, E. Deming, J. Juran, and B. Crosby ; (d) to give the examples related to TQM implementation at the health care organization ; and (e) to mention the extent to which the health care organizations are able to evaluate their cultural organization toward TQM and have had the way to measure the effect of TQM implementation. TQM referred to Continuous Quality Improvement(CQI), Quality Improvement(QI), and Total Quality Improvement(TQI), was not recognized by experts in the United States industry, but by economists in Japan until the end of the 1970's. However, the United States' government led to introduce the principles of TQM to general industry as well as health care service area so that TQM became a main philosophy to manage the organizations in health care service. TQM is a structured, systematic process for creating organization-wide participation in planning and implementing continuous improvement in quality. E. Deming established the "Chain reaction in Quality" and the fourteen point of TQM. The Chain reaction in quality is to describe the relationship among the reduction of waste, rework, and delay, quality improvement, customer satisfaction, and productivity. There are fourteen points to explain the principles of TQM by E. Deming. Juran defined the "Quality Trilogy" to improve the level of quality in any organization. Quality Trilogy has three steps such as quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement for implementing the TQM projects. Crosby describes his TQM theory by establishing "Four Absolutes" and "Fourteen steps in TQM" implementation. Until now, most healthcare organizations have made efforts to organize the TQM task team and to implement TQM principles with various issues. There are three priorities to select the TQM issues : High-volume, High-risk, and Problem-prone. However, there is no absolute, credible measurement yet to evaluate the effects of TQM implementation in health care organization regardless of the classification of health care organizations, geographical background, and social influence. Thus, developing the evaluation way in terms of TQM is the foremost task in health service area. The most important thing for TQM implementation in the organization is to settle up the concept, cultural transformation from traditional management toward quality.