• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4393-4402
• /
• 2012

Colon cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world and it remains an important cause of death, especially in western countries. The toxic environmental pollutant, 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), is also a colon-specific carcinogen. Tannic acid (TA) is reported to be effective against various types of chemically induced toxicity and also carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of TA against DMH induced colon toxicity in a rat model. Efficacy of TA against the colon toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, histopathological changes and expression of early molecular markers of inflammation and tumor promotion. DMH treatment induced oxidative stress enzymes (p<0.001) and an early inflammatory and tumor promotion response in the colons of Wistar rats. TA treatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by DMH through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of oxidative stress as well as COX-2, i-NOS, PCNA protein expression levels and TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.001) release. It could be concluded from our results that TA markedly protects against chemically induced colon toxicity and acts plausibly by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.72
• /
• pp.703-706
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effect of L-arginine supplementation and regular physical exercise on HR, BP, eNOS and Macrophage activation using SHR. To examine the differences among HR, BP, eNOS, and Macrophage activity levels, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as a control. Thirty two male rats (six weeks old) were divided into four groups; eight WKY control (WKYC), eight SHR control (SHRC), eight SHR supplemented with L-arginine (SHRA), and eight SHR trained and supplemented with L-arginine (SHRTA). Obtained results were as follows : In the heart and blood pressure, there was significant differences anong the four group (p<.05) compare to SHRC. In the eNOS levels, there was significant differences among the four groups (p<.05) compare to SHRC. In the macrophage activity, there was significant differences among the four groups (p<.05) compare to SHRC. In conclusion, For the SHRC group, the level of eNOS is higher than that of WKYC, and we can expect tissue damage caused by toxic free radical. However, this can be stabilized by the L-arginine supplementation and regular physical training. we can also conclude regular aerobic training decrease cardiovascular stress caused by stabled macrophage activity. Therefore, we can trace it is the effect of training in SHR.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 1988

High affinity complexes for the tumor were obtained by changing pH and composition in the preparation of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tumor affinity, and in vitro and in vivo characteristics of these complexes. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Tumor imaging agent was formed successfully at pH $6.0\sim9.0$ and renal imaging agent at pH $2.0\sim5.0$. 2) The serum protein binding of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ was $89.1\sim92.8%$ at pH $2.0\sim5.0$ and $11.8\sim30.5%$ at pH $6.0\sim9.0$ respectively, and it was not changed with time. 3) The T 1/2 of tumor affinity complex in blood between 3 and 6 hours after injection was $187{\pm}29$ minutes $(mean{\pm}SD)$. 4) In the blood, the radioactivity was mainly in the plasma, and less than 1% was in the cellular components. 5) In the Walker carcinosarcoma 256 bearing Wistar rats, the radioactivity in the kidney increased, and decreased in the skeleton with time. The radioactivity in the tumor showed the peak in 6 hours after injection and decreased thereafter. 6) In the tumor cell, the radioactivity localized mainly in the cytosol, the soluble fraction of the cytoplasm. This study provides the basic knowledge about tumor affinity and usefulness of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ in the diagnosis of malignant disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.947-952
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of grape juice on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and expression of NF-kB, iNOS and TNF-${\alpha}$. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: G1, control; G2, 15 mg/kg AOM; G3, 1% grape juice 2 weeks before AOM; G4, 2% grape juice 2 weeks before AOM; G5, 1% grape juice 4 weeks after AOM; G6, 2% grape juice 4 weeks after AOM; G7, 2% grape juice without AOM. Histological changes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were studied, while RNA expression of NF-kB, TNF- and iNOS was evaluated by qPCR. Results: The number of ACF was higher in G2, and G4 presented a smaller number of crypts per focus than G5 (p=0.009) and G6. Small ACF (1-3) were more frequent in G4 compared to G2, G5 and G6 (p=0.009, p=0.009 and p=0.041, respectively). RNA expression of NF-kB was lower in G3 and G4 compared to G2 (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TNF-${\alpha}$ and NF-kB gene expression (p=0.002). In conclusion, the administration of 2% grape juice before AOM reduced the crypt multiplicity, attenuating carcinogenesis. Lower expression of NF-kB was observed in animals exposed to grape juice for a longer period of time, regardless of concentration.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2003

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the toxicity of the thimerosal in embryos and neonates. Thimerosal (also known as mercurothiolate) is a mercury-containing compound used in trace amounts to prevent bacteria and other organisms from contaminating vaccines, especially in opened multi-dose vials. The toxicity of mercury is well known and those most at risk occurrs in unborn babies and newborn babies. Test methods included in vitro whole embryo culture (WEC) system and in vivo test of neonatal toxicity in Wistar rats. Ethylmercury and methylmercury were used as positive controls for the evaluating of toxic effects of mercury. In WEC assay, treated concentrations of thimerosal, ethylmercury and methylmercury were up to 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$, respectively. All compounds didn't show any morphological abnormalities, but showed retardation of growth and development in dose dependent manner (> 0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$). These data indicated that thimerosal showed developmental toxicity in vitro. In vivo neonatal toxicity, Wistar rats were administered subcutaneously with thimerosal, ethyl mercury, or methylmercury (5, 25, 50, 250, and 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) during from postnatal day (PND) 4 to 25. Significant effects of these compounds on relative organ weights and organ morphology were not observed in this experiment. However, accumulation of mercury was detected in the kidney and testis when treated with thimerosal, ethylmercury, or methylmercury. These results suggest that thimerosal may be a harmful compound to embryo and neonate, but used concentration of thimerosal in these experiments is much higher than that of clinical application. Further investigation is needed on the safety of vaccine components, i.e. a thimerosal using in vitro and in vivo tests in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2022

Background: Cupressus arizonica Greene is a coniferous tree with great importance in fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Essential oils from C. arizonica (EC) have shown potential antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities. This study aimed at investigating the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects/mechanisms of EC. Methods: The EC was evaluated for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities on male Wistar rats using a formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. Also, we pre-treated some of the animals with naloxone and flumazenil in the formalin test to find out the possible contributions of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors to EC anti-nociceptive effects. Finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to identify the EC's constituents. Results: EC in intraperitoneal doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg significantly decrease the nociceptive responses in both early and late phases of the formalin test. From a mechanistic point of view, flumazenil administration 20 minutes before the most effective dose of EC (1 g/kg) showed a meaningful reduction in the associated anti-nociceptive responses during the early and late phases of the formalin test. Naloxone also reduced the anti-nociceptive role of EC in the late phase. Furthermore, EC at the doses of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 g/kg significantly reduced paw edema from 0.5 hours after carrageenan injection to 4 hours. GC/MS analysis showed that isolated EC is a monoterpene-rich oil with the major presence of α-pinene (71.92%), myrcene (6.37%), δ-3-carene (4.68%), β-pinene (3.71%), and limonene (3.34%). Conclusions: EC showed potent anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities with the relative involvement of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.691-700
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term endurance exercise or resistance exercise training on muscle anabolic/catabolic pathway. 50wks-old male Wistar rats(n=30) were randomly assigned for 3 groups (sedentary, endurance exercise, resistance exercise group). After 12-week of training, plantaris muscles were dissect to measure protein level. Akt/mTOR signal-related proteins were significantly increased only after resistance exercise training, but catabolic signal-related proteins, FoxO1 and MuRF1, were significantly decreased after resistance and endurance exercise training. After endurance exercise training, AMPK and PGC-1α protein levels were significantly increased. Therefore, the endurance exercise training has been shown to affect the protein balance of aging muscle through inhibition of muscle protein catabolism. The present results suggest the possibility that not only resistance exercise but also endurance exercise will be affectable to keep or increase muscle volume and capacity of middle-aged people.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.320-329
• /
• 2022

Aluminium exposure has been linked with developmental neurotoxicity in humans and experimental animals. The study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Tamarindus indica on the developing cerebellar cortex, neurobehavior, and immunohistochemistry of the cerebellar cortex following prenatal aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) exposure. Pregnant timed Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=4). Group I (negative control) was given distilled water, group II was treated with 200 mg/kg of AlCl₃, group III were given 200 mg/kg of AlCl₃ and 400 mg/kg of ethyl acetate leaf fraction of Tamarindus indica (EATI), group IV were given 200 mg/kg of AlCl₃ and 800 mg/kg of EATI, and group V were treated with 200 mg/kg of AlCl₃ s/c and 300 mg/kg of vitamin E for 14 days (prenatal day 7-21) via the oral route. Male pups (n=6) were randomly selected and taken for neurobehavioral studies, and humanely sacrificed via intraperitoneal injection of thiopental sodium. The cerebellum was removed, fixed and tissue processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. The results revealed that prenatal AlCl₃ exposure impacted neurodevelopment and neurobehaviour among exposed pups. Prenatal AlCl₃ exposure was marked with delayed cytoarchitectural development of the cerebellar cortex and increased GFAP expression in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, treatment with EATI and vitamin E were marked with significant improvements. The present study therefore concluded treatment with EATI shows an ameliorative effect to prenatal AlCl₃ exposure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1989

The change in bodyweight, organ weight and the amount of water intake were investigated to assess the effect on a range of toxicological parameters of varying dosages of polyacetylene compounds. Concerning inhibition of solid tumor growth induced by Sarcoma-180 cells in the ICR mouse strain, relytionships between the dosage of polyacetylene compoilnds used and several toxicological parameters were observed. When 40μmoles/kg b.w. of panaxydol tvas administered for 3 consecutive days, the suppression of body weight growth in Wistar rats was about 17% that of the control group, however, the body weight gain was normalized 4 days after stopping arlnlinistration of the polyacetylene compounds. When the dosage of polyacetylenes was reduced to 20μmoles/kg b.w., the change in body weight gain was alleviated to within l0% of the control and the suppremission of the body weight gain increased in order for Panaxydol, Panaxynol, and Panaxytriol. The organ weight did not show any significant change between the control and the polyacetylene administered groups. Electron micrographs of the liver tissues of ICR mice injected with 40Umoles/kg b.w. of panaxydol gave no further significant information about toxicological changes. Keywords Polyacrtylenes, toxicological parameters, body weight, panaxydol, organ weight, electron micrographs .

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1988

There studies were conducted using inbred ICR mice to examine the sex of preimplantation mouse embryo. The morphological normality of mice embryos treated with the culture medium containing rat H-Y antiserum(10%, v/v) plus complement(20%,v/v) was observed and also the sexing of embryos was investigated by chromosomal analysis. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The viability of preimplantation mouse embryos, which were incubated in vitro with different media condition, was scored 68.9-85.5% in control group. However, 151 embryos normally developed up to blastocyst and 160 embryos were retarded growth or destroyed out of total 311 embryos treated in the medium containing H-Y antiserum(10%, v/v) plus complement(20%,v/v). 2. H-Y antiserum was prepared from inb red rats (Wistar and Donryu strain) with different immunization times (4, 5 and 6th) to examine the specific titer of embryos by the number of immunization. Precentage of normally developed embryos incubated either in the medium containing the antiserum of Wistar plus complement or Donryu plus complement was revealed 50.9, 47.4 and 50.0% (4, 5 and 6th immunization and 47.8, 41.2 and 48.7%, respectively. 3. Twenty two females and five males were identified out of fourty-eight normally developed embryos incubated in the medium containing H-Y antiserum plus complement by chromosomal analysis.