• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2444-2452
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• 2022

The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is gaining popularity in industrial automation such as nuclear power plant instrumentation and control (I&C) systems due to the benefits of having non-existence of operating system, minimum software errors, and minimum common reason failures. Separate functions can be processed individually and in parallel on the same integrated circuit using FPGAs in comparison to the conventional microprocessor-based systems used in any plant operations. The use of FPGAs offers the potential to minimize complexity and the accompanying difficulty of securing regulatory approval, as well as provide superior protection against obsolescence. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new technology for acquiring and processing plant data wirelessly in which sensor nodes are configured for real-time signal processing, data acquisition, and monitoring. ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) is an open worldwide standard for minimum power, low-cost machine-to-machine (M2M), and internet of things (IoT) enabled wireless network communication. It is always a challenge to follow the specific topology when different Zigbee nodes are placed in a large network such as a plant. The research article focuses on the hardware chip design of different topological structures supported by ZigBee that can be used for monitoring and controlling the different operations of the plant and evaluates the performance in Vitex-5 FPGA hardware. The research work presents a strategy for configuring FPGA with ZigBee sensor nodes when communicating in a large area such as an industrial plant for real-time monitoring.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.747-754
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• 2023

Energy-efficient routing protocol is an important task in a wireless sensor network that is used for monitoring and control by wirelessly collecting information obtained from sensor nodes deployed in various environments. Various routing techniques have been studied for this, but it is also necessary to consider WSN environments with specific situations and conditions. In particular, due to topographical characteristics or specific obstacles, a hole where sensor nodes are not deployed may exist in most WSN environments, which may result in inefficient routing or routing failures. In this case, the geographical routing-based hall bypass routing method using GPS functions will form the most efficient path, but sensors with GPS functions have the disadvantage of being expensive and consuming energy. Therefore, we would like to find the boundary node of the hole in a WSN environment with holes through minimal sensor function and propose hole bypass routing through boundary line formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.690-694
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• 2007

This study provide Car driver with car sensor information which is car trouble code in engine and many sensors. This provide car manager with many information of tar sensors when we go to vehicle maintenance. This system consist of embedded linux system which uses RS232 and EML327 for CAN communication of car system. This System can control digital appliances in home network using wireless and ZigBee. Finally this is a lot of application for embedded linux system which get sensor informations of car control sensor system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.437-444
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• 2014

The unmanned ship control system controls the unmanned ship at a distance in ocean. Expecially, in order to control the unmanned ship, it needs the wireless communication networks and we use the IEEE 802.11 based WLAN. The IEEE 802.11 based WLAN technology for supporting a wide bandwidth is suitable for unmanned ship control system which has to transmit the multimedia data. First, we design the system structure for controlling the unmanned ship. Then, in order to overcome the limited communication area, we design the network structure for the unmanned ship communication network which can use a various communication network. we implemented and evaluated the unmanned ship system based on WLAN. We controlled the unmanned ship by use the WLAN and confirmed the signal feature of WLAN in the ocean.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.341-347
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• 2022

This research is designed to help and offer hold up to complete the requirements of aged and disable in a home. The control approach and the tone approach are used to manage the house appliances. The major organize system implementation in technology of wireless to offer distant contact from a phone Internet Protocol connectivity for access and calculating strategy and appliance remotely. The planned system no need a committed server PC with value of parallel systems and offers a new communication-protocol to observe and control a house environment with more than just the switch functionality. To express the possibility and efficiency of this system, devices like as lights switches, power plugs, and motion-sensors have been included with the planned home control system and supply more security manage on the control with low electrical energy activate method. The rank of switches is corresponding in all this control system whereby all user interfaces indicate the real time existing status. This system planned to manage electrical-appliances and devices in house with reasonably low cost of design, user friendly interface, easily install and provide high security. Research community generally specified that the network "Reconnaissance Attacks" in IPv6 are usually impossible due to they will take huge challenge to carry out address scanning of 264 hosts in an IPv6 subnet."It being deployed of IPv6 shows that it definitely enhances security and undermines the probability". This research of the IPv6 addressing-strategies at present utilizes and planned a new strategy and move toward to "mitigate reconnaissance attacks".

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify actual operations and issues of wireless paging system operation for the aged living alone as the end users of wireless paging system primarily in Gwangyang city, and thereby to explore possible advanced and integrated ways to promote social safety network for the aged. Methods : The survey tool used in this study was a structured questionnaire form consisting of question items. The researcher hereof conducted this survey by means of direct visit and interview during two seasons, i.e. from February to August, 2008 and from December 2008 to March 2009, respectively. Results : 1) For general demographic characteristics, it was found that 90.9% of all respondents were women and 61.2% of all respondents were at age 75 to 84. for health conditions, it was found that more than 90% of all respondents often took medicines due to their unhealthy body, and most of respondents suffered from musculoskeletal diseases 79.3% and circulatory diseases 61.6%. for walking capacity, it was found that 45.5% of all respondents used walking aids, and disable respondents (11.5% of all respondents) were represented primarily by those with physical disability (52.6% of disable respondents). for actual use of medical institutions, it was found 47.3% of all respondents relied on local clinics, since they preferred neighborhood hospitals or clinics they can trust for medical care. for social activities and supports, it was found that 43.6% respondents had 'needs for assistance at times' and 33.9% respondents have 'no need for assistance'. And it was found that the major difficulties in living alone at old age were represented primarily by health problems 37.8% and economic difficulties 33.5%. 2) For characteristics related to wireless paging system, it was found that 90.3% respondents used wireless paging system recommended by firemen, and 28.5% respondents used this system. and it was found that 59.6% respondents used this system once, and 85.2% respondents used it because of acute or chronic diseases. more than 90% respondents thought that they knew about wireless paging system and considered themselves safe, but 83.6% respondents didn't attach a remote control on their upper clothes, and even 49.1% respondents turned off the power of wireless paging system due to their concern about electricity bill and noise. 3) It was found that 83.6% respondents felt it necessary to use wireless paging system, and wireless paging users felt more satisfied with using the system than non-users, and 50.7% showed high satisfaction at certain psychological benefits like 'confidence in coping with critical situations' and 'a sense of relief'. In addition, it was found that some respondents who answered that 'they didn't turn off the paging system as they knew how it works' and those who answered that they knew 'how to use it' showed relatively high satisfaction. And some respondents who kept it well and felt it necessary also showed high satisfaction. 4) It was found that the level of satisfaction our respondents felt with using wireless paging system varied significantly availability($x^{2}$ = 12.759, p = .002), psychological advantages($x^{2}$ = 12.174, p = .002), knowledge about how to use system($x^{2}$ = 7.021, p = .016), power on/off($x^{2}$ = 13.221, p = .001), level of knowledge about system($x^{2}$ = 21.002, p = .000), maintenance($x^{2}$ = 9.871, p = .007) and level of necessity($x^{2}$ = 34.939, p = .000) on the statistical basis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2005

In the ubiquitous computing environment, an intelligent vehicle is defined as a sensor node with a capability of intelligence and communication in a wire and wireless network space. To make it real, a lot of problems should be addressed in the aspect of vehicle mobility, in-vehicle communication, common service platform and the connection of heterogeneous networks to provide a driver with several intelligent information services beyond the time and space. In this paper, we present an intelligent information system for managing in-vehicle sensor network and a vehicle gateway for connecting the external networks. The in-vehicle sensor network connected with several sensor nodes is used to collect sensor data and control the vehicle based on CAN protocol. Each sensor node is equipped with a reusable modular node architecture, which contains a common CAN stack, a message manager and an event handler. The vehicle gateway makes vehicle control and diagnosis from a remote host possible by connecting the in-vehicle sensor network with an external network. Specifically, it gives an access to the external mobile communication network such as CDMA. Some experiments was made to find out how long it takes to communicate between a vehicle's intelligent information system and an external server in the various environment. The results show that the average response time amounts to 776ms at fixed place, 707ms at rural area and 910ms at urban area.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.10A
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• pp.965-973
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• 2007

We analyzed that the loss of data in TCP protocol based wireless networks caused by overlapped responses in bi-directional nodes that were resulted in out of the data sequence. This loss can be prevented by using revised TCP rate control algorithm and the performance of throughput can also be improved. The rate control algorithm is applied when the congestion happens between nodes while traffic packets are retransmitting in TCP bandwidth. In addition to applying the rate control algorithm, we determine the number of system clients in bandwidth and the average of pausing time between transmitting serial files to produce a competitive level so that an efficient performance of rapid retransmitting for the loss of multi-packets. This paper discusses the improvement of congestion control in that the decrease of the loss, firstly, as ensuring an efficient connection rate and, secondly, as using sliding window flow control.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2019

Recently, the deep learning technology has gained lots of attention which leads to its application to various fields. Especially, there are recent attempts to overcome the limit of wireless communications systems through the use of the deep learning. In this paper, we have verified the performance of deep learning based transmit power control scheme. Unlike previous transmit power control schemes where the optimal transmit power is derived by solving the optimization problem explicitly, in the deep learning based transmit power control, the general solver for the optimization problem is derived through the deep neural network (DNN). Especially, by using the spectral efficiency as the loss function of DNN, the training can be performed without needing labels. Through simulation based on Tensorflow, we confirm that the transmit power control based on deep learning can achieve the optimal performance while reducing the computational complexity by 1/200.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

The development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is progressed slowly due to limited resources, but it is in progress to the development of the latest IP-based IP-WSN by the development of hardware and power management technology. IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6LoWPAN) is capable of IPv6-built low-power devices. In these IP-based WSNs, existing IP-based techniques which was impossible in WSNs becomes possible. 6LoWPAN is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 sensor networks and is a IPv6-supported technology. Host-based mobility management scheme in IP-WSNs are not suitable due to the additional signaling, network-based mobility management scheme is more suitable. In this paper, we propose an enhanced PMIPv6-based route optimization scheme which consider multi-6LoWPAN network environments. All SLMA (Sensor Local Mobility Anchor) of the 6LoWPAN domain are connected with the SPIG (Sensor Proxy Internetworking Gateway) and performs distributed mobility control for the 6LoWPAN-based inter-domain operations. All information of SLMA in 6LoWPAN domain is maintained by SMAG (Sensor Mobile Access Gateway), and then is performed the route optimization quickly. The status information of the route optimization from SPIG is stored to SLMA and it is supported without additional signaling.