• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.126-148
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• 2015

Different from the existing works on coverage problems in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this paper considers the exposure-path prevention problem by using the percolation theory in three dimensional (3D) WSNs, which can be implemented in intruder detecting applications. In this paper, to avoid the loose bounds of critical density, a bond percolation-based scheme is proposed to put the exposure-path problem into a 3D uniform lattice. Within this scheme, the tighter bonds of critical density for omnidirectional and directional sensor networks under random sensor deployment-a 3D Poisson process are derived. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme generates tighter bounds of critical density with no exposure path in 3D WSNs.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제18권6B호
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• pp.233-248
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• 2008

Advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are numerous applications for wireless sensor networks, and security is vital for many of them. However, WSNs suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and the lack of infrastructure, all of which impose unique security challenges and make innovative approaches desirable. In this paper, we present a survey on security issues in wireless sensor networks. We address several network models for security protocols in WSNs, and explore the state of the art in research on the key distribution and management schemes, typical attacks and corresponding countermeasures, entity and message authentication protocols, security data aggregation, and privacy. In addition, we discuss some directions of future work.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.2563-2567
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• 2011

스마트 센서 및 임베디드 시스템, 저전력/저가격의 무선 통신, 애드 혹 (ad hoc) 네트워크, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) 기술의 발달은 센서 네트워크의 개발을 가능하게 하였다. 센서 네트워크에서 이동체 트래킹, 상태 정보 관리 및 이벤트 순서화와 같은 기본적인 응용 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 시각 정보 제공 및 시각 동기는 기본적으로 요구되는 요소 중 하나이다. 제한된 자원과 에너지를 갖는 센서 네트워크의 특성을 고려하여 다양한 시각 동기 기법이 제시되어 왔으나, 시각 표현 방법에 대한 고려를 한 사례는 거의 없는 실정이다. UTC TOD와 같은 전역 시각 표현 방식은 센서 네트워크의 응용을 위해 매우 유용한 방식으로 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 시각 동기 프로토콜 확장을 통해 센서 네트워크에서 전역 시각 정보를 관리할 수 있는 기법을 제시하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.209-211
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• 2005

This paper proposes a adaptive medium-access control(MAC) protocol designed for low-power wireless multi-hop sensor networks which is used for connecting physical world and cyber computing space. Wireless multi-hop sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing device. We expect sensor networks to be deployed in an ad hoc fashion, with nodes remaining inactive for long time, but becoming suddenly active when specific event is detected. These characteristics of multi-hop sensor networks and applications motivate a MAC that is different from traditional wireless MACs about power conservation scheme, such as IEEE 802.11. Proposed MAC uses a few techniques to reduce energy consumption. Result show that proposed MAC obtains more energy savings.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.967-979
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• 2013

Now a day, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being widely used in different areas one of which is healthcare services. A wireless medical sensor network senses patient's vital physiological signs through medical sensor-nodes deployed on patient's body area; and transmits these signals to devices of registered medical professionals. These sensor-nodes have low computational power and limited storage capacity. Moreover, the wireless nature of technology attracts malicious minds. Thus, proper user authentication is a prime concern before granting access to patient's sensitive and private data. Recently, P. Kumar et al. claimed to propose a strong authentication protocol for healthcare using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSN). However, we find that P. Kumar et al.'s scheme is flawed with a number of security pitfalls. Information stored inside smart card, if extracted, is enough to deceive a valid user. Adversary can not only access patient's physiological data on behalf of a valid user without knowing actual password, can also send fake/irrelevant information about patient by playing role of medical sensor-node. Besides, adversary can guess a user's password and is able to compute the session key shared between user and medical sensor-nodes. Thus, the scheme looses message confidentiality. Additionally, the scheme fails to resist insider attack and lacks user anonymity.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2005

The sensor network is a key component of the ubiquitous computing system which is expected to be widely utilized in logistics control, environment/disaster control, medical/health-care services, digital home and other applications. Nodes in the sensor network are small-sized and exposed to adverse environments. They are demanded to perform their missions with very limited power supply only. Also the sensor network is composed of much more nodes than the wireless ad hoc networks are. In case that some nodes consume up their power capacity, the network topology should change, and rerouting/retransmission is necessitated. Communication protocols studied for conventional wireless networks or ad hoc networks are not suited for the sensor network resultantly. Schemes should be devised to control the efficient usage of node power in the sensor network. This paper proposes a medium access protocol to enhance the efficiency of energy consumption in the sensor network node. Its performance is analyzed by simulation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2010

Network lifetime is a critical issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In which, a large number of sensor nodes communicate together to perform a predetermined sensing task. In such networks, the network life time depends mainly on the lifetime of the sensor nodes constituting the network. Therefore, it is essential to balance the energy consumption among all sensor nodes to ensure the network connectivity. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient data routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Contrary to the protocol proposed in [6], that always selects the path with minimum hop count to the base station, our proposed routing protocol may choose a longer path that will provide better distribution of the energy consumption among the sensor nodes. Simulation results indicate clearly that compared to the routing protocol proposed in [6], our proposed protocol evenly distributes the energy consumption among the network nodes thus maximizing the network life time.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.890-900
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• 2010

The Bayesian networks methods provide an efficient tool for performing information fusion and decision making under conditions of uncertainty. This paper proposes Bayes estimators for the system effectiveness in energy saving of the wireless sensor networks by use of the Bayesian method under the non-informative prior knowledge about means of active and sleep times based on time frames of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. And then, we conduct a case study on some Bayesian estimation models for the system energy saving effectiveness of a wireless sensor network, and evaluate and compare the performance of proposed Bayesian estimates of the system effectiveness in energy saving of the wireless sensor network. In the case study, we have recognized that the proposed Bayesian system energy saving effectiveness estimators are excellent to adapt in evaluation of energy efficiency using non-informative prior knowledge from previous experience with robustness according to given values of parameters.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2015

무선 센서네트워크는 다양한 응용 프로그램들을 위하여 주변 환경으로부터 데이터수집 또는 처리를 위하여 사용된다. 무선 센서네트워크는 저 수준 계산 능력, 제한적인 배터리 용량, 낮은 네트워크 대역폭을 기반으로 운영되므로, 무선센서 네트워크의 구조 모델은 응용 프로그램의 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 응용 프로그램이 높은 계산 복잡도를 요구하거나, 실시간 처리를 필요로 하는 경우, 무선센서 네트워크의 중앙 집중 형 구조는 데이터 처리에 있어서 지연을 발생하게 되므로, 응용 프로그램의 성능 요구사항을 만족시키지 못하는 결과를 가져온다. 반면에, 응용 프로그램이 단순한 데이터 수집을 장기간 수행하는 경우, 분산 형으로 무선센서 네트워크를 구성한다면, 무선 센서들에서 불필요한 에너지 소모를 피할 수 없게 된다. 이 논문에서는 중앙집중 형 구조와 분산 형 구조에서 에너지 소모와 데이터 처리 지연을 분석, 평가한다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 새로운 융합 형 구조를 제안하고 평가한다 제안된 방식은 응용 프로그램의 특성에 따라서 무선센서 네트워크에서 최적의 무선센서 노드 개수를 찾을 수 있게 한다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2008

The previous works in sensor networks security have focused on the aspect of confidentiality, authentication and integrity based on cryptographic primitives. There has been no prior work to assess the survivability in systematic way. Accordingly, this paper presents a survivability model of wireless sensor networks using software rejuvenation for dual adaptive cluster head. The survivability model has state transition to reflect status of real wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we only focus on a survivability model which is capable of describing cluster head compromise in the networks and able to switch over the redundant cluster head in order to increase the survivability of that cluster. Second, this paper presents how to enhance the survivability of sensor networks using software rejuvenation methodology for dual cluster head in wireless sensor network. We model and analyze each cluster as a stochastic process based on Semi Markov Process (SMP) and Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC). The proof of example scenarios and numerical analysis shows the feasibility of our approach.