• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.195-206
• /
• 2022

Gaining an understanding of bird communities in different habitat types is essential for the conservation of ecologically important habitats. Wetlands possess different types of habitats and provide an important environment for wintering waterbird communities. This study compares avian communities in five different habitat types in the Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary (MWWS), Myanmar. From December 2014 to the first week of February in 2015, bird and habitat data were collected from representative areas of five habitat types (i.e., short grassland, tall grassland, lotus fields, open water areas, and rice fields) at MWWS. We established nine sampling plots in each habitat type, and used the point quadrat method to survey habitats and the point count method to survey birds in the habitats. Simple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between bird communities. We made 95 detections during 19 daily visits to each of the five habitat types. During the survey period, we recorded a total of 10,389 individuals belonging to 52 different bird species, based on 7-min observations at each of the 45 point count stations. Furthermore, we detected significant differences by habitat structure (i.e., vegetation coverage, height, and density; water depth; and plant species diversity) as well as bird communities (i.e., species richness, abundance, and diversity indices). In addition, the detailed analysis of 52 avian species revealed significant differences among 45 species with respect to the mean numbers of observed individuals in the survey habitats. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the structure and composition of waterbird communities among the five assessed habitat types. Because natural marshes provide preferable habitats for a larger number and greater diversity of birds, relative to rice fields, natural marshes should be prioritized for conservation and restoration in Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.445-457
• /
• 2007

This report studied the individual number, their favorite habitat, and change pattern of family and group number in Cheolwon Basin, starting in the early Oct. 2004 until late March. 2005 to investigate the ecological features of the Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane. The Cranes arrived Cheolwon Basin in mid-October until next mid-March, and passed the winter in mid-November until next late-February The most visiting number amounted to 550 individuals and, that period was the most frosting mid-January to mid-February. The White-naped Crane visited Cheolwon Basin in autumn, the early winter and spring. Approximately, the wintering-number is 550 individuals, also, the mid-March was the peak-period of arrival and, the number amounted to 2,162 individuals. The cranes chose the farming area around mountains as their wintering habitat and were less likely to choose the farming area around lake as habitat. The Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane showed the different periodical pattern in familial and group numbers. In case of the crane, the familial pattern was stable, but varied in grouping number, and this pattern was similar to the variation of overall individual number. And, also, the most grouping number was shown in the most freezing period of wintering period. The White-naped Crane showed the similar pattern of the Red-crowned Crane that is, stable family number and varying group number, this pattern affected the total number of entire individuals. Grouping number increased in migration period. Parasite infection rate is G japonensis 35.0%, G vipio 38.7%.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.365-372
• /
• 2018

The Wintering Waterbird Census of Korea was started in 1999 and monitors 200 major migratory sites in South Korea. Waterfowl counts have been undertaken for more than 20 years since; however, a limited number of studies have analyzed the temporal patterns of waterfowl population. In this study, we analyzed population size changes of wintering whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) at 112 monitoring sites from 2001 to 2018. The average number of whooper swans was $4,296{\pm}42.66$ and there was a trend for an increase in population size across the survey period. We found that the population in the Nakdong River Estuary, one of the major wintering sites over 18 years (26.22% of the national population), had rapidly decreased (-0.77% per year). Conversely, the whooper swan population in the Junam Reservoir and Sihwa Lake increased (+1.64%, +0.54% per year, respectively). Estuaries showed the highest dominance of whooper swans among the five different habitat types, accounting for 32.13% of the population. Reservoir/lakes had 30.60% of the total population and reclaimed lakes(18.24%), river (13.11%), and coast (5.93%) followed. The annual distribution of the whooper swan population in South Korea has been affected by various habitat conditions resulting from human activities and urbanization. To better understand the complex factors that can cause rapid changes in wintering waterfowl populations, it is necessary to integrate the data from the bird census program with environmental conditions to conduct in-depth pattern analyses over longer time periods.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2007

원산지가 열대지방인 왕우렁이가 국내에서는 월동이 불가능할 것으로 여겨졌으나 1980년대 초에 도입된 후 20여년이 지난 현재 한국 기후에 적응되어 남부지방의 일부 지역에서 월동이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 2003년부터 2006년까지 영남지역에서 왕우렁이를 이용하여 벼 잡초방제를 실시한 지역을 중심으로 왕우렁이의 월동분포와 월동지역의 환경특성을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 영남지역의 왕우렁이 월동실태를 조사한 결과, 하동, 합천, 산청, 김해, 밀양, 창원, 울산, 부산, 경주, 포항, 칠곡, 구미, 상주 및 영주에서 월동을 확인하였는데, 월동지역은 해마다 북상하였다. 왕우렁이가 월동되는 지역의 환경을 조사한 결과 주로 깊은 웅덩이나 겨울에도 물이 계속 흐르는 하천이나 수로, 지하수가 계속 흘러내리는 수로 및 수막재배를 하는 비닐하우스 단지 주변의 도랑 등이다. 이들 장소들의 특징은 겨울에도 수온이 크게 내려가지 않아 물이 얼지 않거나 표면에만 물이 얼고 속에는 물이 얼지 않는 장소들이었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2006

As a Biodiversity Management Plan in S. Korea, barley fields are being prepared for the wintering migratory birds. However, the effectiveness of barley fields as a feeding habitat has not been evaluated. In 2003/04 wintering period, we installed exclosures in the barley fields to evaluate the waterfowl grazing effectiveness. Approximately 8,000 waterfowls used the Dongup Reservoir System and utilized the barley fields during the daytime. The white-fronted goose Anser albifrons occupied more than 90% of the all barley-feeding waterfowls. Waterfowls significantly impacted to the shoot density and biomass of barley. In the closed plot, barley shoot density gradually increased to $267{\pm}27/m^2$ in January, 2004. Shoot density in open plots (site 1) declined sharply from.15 December ($189{\pm}18/m^2$) to 5 January 2004 ($25{\pm}11/m^2$). However, barley shoot density in open plots (site 2) was stable in January 2004 because of human disturbances. The changes in barley biomass and shoot density showed similar trend in both open and closed plot. From the exclosure experiment, it was clear that barley fields were important feeding habitat for wintering waterfowls in this area. Further, human disturbances such as noise from traffic and other human activities (farming and hiking) had significant impact on waterfowls' grazing activity. Collectively, winter barley fields were effective for waterfowl feeding, but the location of barley fields should be carefully selected for the maximum utilization of the barley feeding.

• Ocean Science Journal
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2007

We investigated the temperature and salinity effects on the major fish species in the wintering grounds based on trawl surveys and oceanographic observations in the southwestern waters of Korea during March-early April in 2002-2003. The influence area of warm Kuroshio water was limited to the southwestern area of Korea in 2003 with a range of $7.7-16.3^{\circ}C$, 32.54-34.70 of salinity, wider than that of 2002. The number of fish species and density of major fish species in 2003 were higher than in 2002. Geographical estimation showed high proportions of species number and catches in the areas around Jeju Islands, southwestern waters and the southeastern coast of Korea. Five species; silver pomfret (Pam pus echinogaster), hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus), anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), Small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) and yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon) were most abundant, composing above 60% of the total catch in 2002 and 2003. More than 50% of catch in the major fish species were mostly distributed in the range of $9.5-11.0^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 33.1-33.9 of salinity. Non-parametric estimation for the major species showed the 1st mode around $10^{\circ}C$ and the 2nd mode at $8-9^{\circ}C$ in 2002 and $11-14^{\circ}C$ in 2003. Among major fish species, hairtail was principally composed of juveniles, and larger individuals were caught in southeastern waters. These results are considered to be helpful for the area-based fishery management strategy for the wintering grounds of the Yellow Sea and coastal waters of Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine distribution and abundance of wintering raptors in Korea during 2000-2007 which is a rare data set for covering large landscape areas. Total 6,643 raptors of 16 species were recorded at 94 different points in west, south and east coasts, and rivers of inland areas all over Korea. During the study period, the most abundant raptors were black vulture (Aegypius monachus, 62.3%), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, 11.0%) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo, 10.0%), and these 3 birds were dominant species in inland areas and also considered as resident species except for black vulture. Also, there was a difference among 5 different habitat types. Black vultures were most found in estuaries whereas common buzzard and common kestrel could be found in coastal areas. Presumably raptors prefer reservoirs and estuaries probably due to lower human disturbance in these areas, and management efforts should be concentrated in inland areas for black vulture and coastal areas for common kestrel and common buzzard.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2005

도심 하천은 야생조수에게 물의 공급원이며 서식지로서 도시 생태계를 유지시키는 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 조사는 서울의 주요 하천 중 하나인 중랑천에서 월동 수금류의 서식지 이용 실태를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 개체군 변동에 대한 분석은 1997년 12월부터 1998년 3월까지 수행된 센서스와 1999년부터 2004년까지의 환경부와 국립환경연구원이 실시한 겨울철 조류 동시 센서스 자료를 참고로 하였으며 개체군의 서식지 이용에 대한 조사는 쇠오리의 월동 행동 관찰을 통해 수행되었다 중랑천에서 월동하는 조류는 최소 3,004개체에서 최대 8,237개체로 주로 수면성 오리류였으며 잠수성 오리류도 상당수가 도래하였다. 연간 개체군 변동은 수면성 오리류보다는 잠수성 오리류에서 크게 나타났고 전체 수금류 개체군은 1월말과 2월말에 가장 많은 수가 도래하였다. 시간대별 개체군 변동을 보면 수금류의 개체수는 오후로 갈수록 증가하여 특히 일몰 후에는 한강 본류로부터 유입되는 개체가 크게 증가하는 것으로 보아 이 지역은 수금류의 주간 취식지뿐만 아니라 야간취식지로서 중요하게 이용되는 것으로 보인다. 잠수성 오리인 비오리와 댕기흰죽지는 낮은 기온과 높은 풍속일 때 개체수가 증가하는 것으로 보아 날씨에 따라 중랑천을 휴식지로 이용하는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

고방오리는 국내에 도래하는 주요 월동 조류이며, 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(HPAI)의 주요매개체로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 국내에서 월동하는 고방오리의 행동권과 서식지 이용을 파악하여 수조류 서식지 보호 관리에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 연구에 이용된 시료는 2015년 월동기에 Cannon-net을 이용하여 포획된 6개체이며, GPS-이동통신 시스템을 기반으로 하는 야생동물위치추적장치(WT-300)를 부착한 후 조사되었다. 행동권은 GIS용 SHP 파일과 ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 커널밀도측정법(Kernel Density Estimation : KDE)과 최소볼록다각형법(Minimum Convex Polygon Method : MCP)을 이용하였다. 고방오리의 행동권은 최소볼록다각형법에 의해서 평균 $677.3km^2$이었다. 커널밀도측정법(KDE)로는 평균 $194.7km^2$(KDE 90%), $77.4km^2$(KDE 70%), $35.3km^2$(KDE 50%)로 나타났다. 서식지 이용은 해양수, 내륙습지와 같은 수계지역을 가장 많이 이용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 주간보다 야간에 농경지를 더 많이 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구를 통해 얻은 월동기 행동권과 서식지 이용률 등과 같은 결과는 종 보호와 서식지 관리 및 고병원성 조류 인플루엔자 발병 시 대응을 위한 자료로 널리 활용될 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 1994

본 연구는 덕유산 국립공원을 대상으로 서식 조류군집을 파악하고, 이의 보호 및 관리 방안을 제시하기 위하여 실시되었다. 조사구역으로는 주 등산로 2개소를 선정하여, 1993년 2월 20일과 7월 22일 2회에 걸쳐 야생조류에 대해 선조사법에 의해 실시되었다. 조사지에서 관찰된 조류는 총 5목 17과 34종이었고 이 중 천연기념물 제 323호인 새매, 황조롱이와 희귀조류인 큰오색딱다구리, 홍여새가 관찰되었다. 해발 1,000m 이상의 초원지역은 갈색양진이의 겨울철 월동지로, 붉은뺨멧새의 여름철 번식지로 이용되고 있으며 이 지역에 대한 보호가 시급하다고 판단된다. 무주구천동 계곡은 계곡성 조류에게 20년 전에는 양호한 서식지였으나, 인간의 이용밀도의 증가로 인해 계곡성 조류가 다수 감소한 실정이므로 이 지역에 대한 관리가 요망된다.