• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2441-2451
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 자동차 윈드실드에 생기는 성에, 얼음, 눈 또는 잔해를 제거하는 워셔액 가열시스템의 성능 개선을 위한 새로운 제어 시스템을 제안한다. 먼저, 워셔액 가열시스템의 모델링 과정을 설명하고 실험결과를 이용하여 모델의 특성파라미터를 추출하고 워셔액 가열시스템 성능에 영향을 미치는 설계변수를 선정한다. 두 번째로 워셔액 가열시스템 가열 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 제어 시스템을 제안하였고 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 제안된 제어시스템의 특징은 가열 성능을 충족하기 위하여 정의된 목표 값까지 WFHS에 인가되는 부스터 컨버터의 입력 전류를 조절하는 것이다. 목표 전류는 초기온도 조건과 함께 유도된 수학적 모델식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 실제 실험결과는 제안된 제어시스템이 WFHS의 기 설정한 목표성능을 만족시키면서 가열 동작을 수행 할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate smart secondary controls using iPad for the drivers with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The physically disabled drivers face problems in the operation of secondary control devices that accept a control input from a driver for the purpose of operating the subsystems of a motor vehicle. Many of conventional secondary controls consist of small knobs or switches that physically disabled drivers have difficulties in grasping, pulling or twisting. Therefore, their use while driving might increase distraction and workload because of longer operation time. Method: We examined the operation time of conventional and smart secondary controls, such as hazard warning, turn signal, window, windshield wiper, headlights, automatic transmission and horn. The hardware of smart secondary control system was composed of iPad, wireless router, digital input/output module and relay switch. We used the STISim Drive3 software for driving test, customized Labview and Xcode programs for interface control of smart secondary system. Nine subjects were involved in the study for measuring operation time of secondary controls. Results: When the driver was in the stationary condition, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 32.5% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 47.4% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 38.8% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. When the driver was driving for the test in the simulator, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 36.1% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 41.7% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 34.1% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. Conclusion: The smart secondary devices using iPad for people with hemiplegic disabilities showed significant reduction of operation time compared with conventional secondary controls. Application: This study can be used to design secondary controls for adaptive vehicles and to improve the quality of life of the people with disabilities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.444-448
• /
• 2005

This paper presents a developing procedure of the CAN-based real-time simulator for car body control, aiming at replacing the actual W/H (Wiring Harness) and J/B(Junction Box) couple eventually. The CAN protocol, as one kind of field-bus communication, defines the lowest 2 layers of the ISO/OSI standard, namely, the physical layer(PL) and the data link layer(DLL), for which the CSMA/NBA protocol is generally adopted. For CPU, two PIC18Fxx8x's are used because of their built-in integration of CAN controller, large internal FLASH memory (48K or 64K), and their costs. To control J/B's and actuators, 2 controller boards are separately implemented, between which CAN lines communicate through CAN transceivers MCP255. A power motor for washing windshield, 1 door lock motor, and 6 blink lamps are chosen for actuators of the simulator for the first stage. For the software architecture, a polling method is used for the fast global response time despite its slow individual response time. To improve the individual response time and to escape from some eventual trapped-function loops, High/Low ports of the CPU are simply used, which increases the stability of the actuator modules. The experimental test shows generally satisfactory results in normal transmitting / receiving function and message trace function. This simulator based on CAN shows a promising usefulness of lighter, more reliable and intelligent distributed body control approach than the conventional W/H and J/B couple. Another advantage of this approach lies in the distributed control itself, which gives better performance in hard real-time computing than centralized one, and in the ability of integrating different modules through CAN.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify successful strategies and propose a community-based participatory global health project model for primary health care capacity development. Methods: The study used case study methodology. A The unit of analysis was an international cooperation health project entitled "Community-based Primary Health Care Improvement in San Lorenzo, Ecuador" using community-based participatory research conducted in 2007~2008. Data were collected through windshield surveys, focus group discussion, key informant interviews, and provider surveys. Results: Identified successful strategies for the international cooperation health project were reciprocal partnership between researchers and community, partners' capacity building, south-to-south cooperation, and continuous monitoring and feedback. Community participation was found to be an essential tenet to guarantee the improvement of primary health care in the underserved rural community. Evidence from the activities of community health practitioners in Korea was applicable to the development of training programs for primary health care providers in Ecuador. Conclusion: Strategies for strengthening primary health capacity may be tailored depending on socio-cultural, political, and economical situations of each country. The model, however, would be applicable to the entire process of community-based global health projects in underserved rural communities of other countries.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2009

The directions of the road are divided into two, the right-hand side and left-hand side of the road, by the convention and specific native method in the world. This paper deals with the characteristics and behaviors of drivers who are accustomed to driving on right-hand side of the road, drive with a handle on the left-hand side, and comparing with left-hand side drivers. The driver's eye movements were measured by eye camera and questionnaires were used for measuring subjective evaluation such as driving mental workload. The experimental results indicated even if the experts who had much experience on right-hand side driving, they had lower driving skill than novice driver, accustomed to driving on left-hand side. In terms of mental workload, MCH rating scale and MNASA-TLX, the right-hand side drivers were in lower stress condition than the left-hand side drivers because of having much driving experience. However, they conducted a few mistakes by confusing the position of turn signal and windshield wiper because of their driving habit or traits and it lead to operation mistakes. These results can be applied effectively to develop the driving support information with changed environments.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 반도체를 이용한 열화방지형 파워폴딩 제어기 설계에 관한 연구이다. 파워기술은 자동차용 사이드 미러 접이 콘트롤러, 와이퍼 콜트롤러, 안테나 콘트롤러, 파워윈도우 콘트롤러 등에 사용되고 있는 모터제어기술로 기존의 제어 방식은 DC 모터, 스위칭 소자 그리고 Relay 등을 조합한 방식을 채택하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 방식은 동작에 대한 신뢰성 및 내구성, 노이즈 등의 문제점을 극복하는데 한계를 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 모터의 동작을 감시하기 위한 방법으로 부하감지부에서 Motor의 Brush Noise를 감지하도록 하였고, R, C 충 방전 시정수에 의한 정밀시간 제어 방법으로 모터의 열화현상을 최소화하였다. 그리고 스위칭 소자로 반도체 소자인 MOSFET를 사용함으로써 동작의 안정성과 수명의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 제어장치를 설계하였다. 연구결과 모터의 반복 동작시간, Cut-off Time, 동작전압 범위, 전원 발생 노이즈 등에서 최대 11배 이상 향상된 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.114.2-114.2
• /
• 2017

Transparent film heaters (TFHs) based on Joule heating are currently an active research area. However, TFHs based on an indium tin oxide (ITO) monolayer have a number of problems. For example, heating is concentrated in part of the device. Also, heating efficiency is low because it has high sheet resistance ($R_S$). Resistance of indium zinc oxide (IZO) is similar to ITO and it can be used to flexible applications due to its amorphous structure. To solve these problems, our study introduced hybrid layers of IZO/Ag/IZO deposited by magnetron sputtering, and the electrical, optical, and thermal properties were estimated for various thickness of the metal interlayer. It was found that the sheet resistance of the multilayer was mainly dependent on the thickness of the Ag layers. The $R_S$ of IZO(40)/Ag/IZO(40nm) multilayer was 5.33, 3.29, $2.15{\Omega}/{\Box}$ for Ag thickness of 10, 15, and 20nm, respectively, while the $R_S$ of an IZO monolayer(95nm) was $59.58{\Omega}/{\Box}$. The optical transmittance at 550nm for the IZO(95nm) monolayer is 81.6%, and for the IZO(40)/Ag/IZO(40nm) multilayers with Ag thickness 10, 15 and 20nm, is for 72.8, 78.6, and 63.9%, respectively. The defrost test showed that the film with the lowest RS had the highest heat generation rate (HGR) for the same applied voltage. The results indicated that IZO(40)/Ag(15)/IZO(40nm) multilayer has the best suitable property, which is a promising thin film heater for the application in vehicle windshield.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2012

During recent few years, Bike is arising as one of the most important item of sports market. As well as in domestic markets, customers are demanding specific brands only for young aged riders. Therefore, this study researched current bike wears and suggest digital textile printing with sports wear trends which also have safety and visual impact effectiveness, so it can be satisfied as green products and we also try to suggest sports sensitivity of existing cycle wear to city fashion. The purpose of this study is to figure out 20's-30's female biker attitude for bike wear and their purchasing habits and also their preference, digital textile design of city biker wear based on present condition research of riding wear markets and to establish high quality products with occupying high percentage of global markets and making high profits. For this study, bike wear distributors Survey First, foreign companies generally meet evenly sampling the 20s and 30s targeted vendors 10 companies were selected. 'city sporty ware' or 'casual line' dual 'extreme line' from all manufacturers, including, however did not distinguish it from all the vendors. This higher proportion of the recent upsurge in public and non-professional riders, despite the fact that you can see that the lack of 'Extreme line' compared to the 'casual' line of the city sporty ware production. overall seasonal sales in the spring appeared windbreak jacket, leggings and sweat emissions and at the same time built into the fabric dry faster T-shirt and shorts in the summer sales were higher. autumn jacket and produced excellent warm in winter fleece fabric T-shirts, pants, windshield jacket higher sales. showed improvements in design, improved in the order of the highest and perfect for everyday wear for both. As mentioned, we figure out 20's-30's female rider's attitude for riding suit and their purchasing habits and also their preference, so we can develop riding suit design based on their needs and suggest new design patterns.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.2628-2634
• /
• 2014

동절기에 차량 전면유리의 결빙이나 이물질을 제거하기 위하여 워셔액 가열시스템 적용이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 이 워셔액 가열 시스템은 짧은 시간동안 목표온도까지 워셔액이 가열되도록 설계되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 급속하게 워셔액을 가열하기 위하여 차량 워셔액 가열 시스템의 내부 부품의 재질에 따라 열전달 특성을 해석하였다. 해석을 위해 열유동 전산해석에서 사용하고 있는 CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) 상용코드인 ANSYS-FLUENT 소프트웨어를 이용하였다. 본 모델은 3차원 비정상상태의 축대칭 모델로 Fluent에서 제공하는 압력기반(Pressure-Based) 기법 중의 하나인 Coupled 기법을 적용하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 충전재 및 유로의 최적화된 재질을 찾게 되었다. 충전재 재질은 낮은 밀도를 가진 공기가 실리콘카바이드보다 빠르게 가열되었다. 유로재질은 니켈보다 열전달계수가 약 4배 정도 큰 구리가 내부에 열을 균일하게 전달되어 메탄올의 가열 시간을 단축하여 효율이 더 높게 나왔다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.290-296
• /
• 2019

차량용 HUD는 자동차 전면 유리창에 안전 운전과 편의 운전 관련 다양한 정보를 표시해 주는 장치로 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 증강현실 기술에 적용이 가능한 대면적 비구면 자유형상 미러를 가공하기 위해 초정밀 가공기를 이용하여 가공을 실시하였고 그 결과를 측정하였다. 초정밀 다이아몬드 절삭은 정밀도가 높을 뿐만 아니라 표면 거칠기와 잔류 응력을 낮게 할 수 있어서 우수한 표면 무결성을 갖는 고급 부품의 생산에 유리하다. 또한 비구면 자유 형상의 몰드를 사용함으로써 광학 전달 함수의 개선, 왜곡 경로의 감소 및 특수 이미지 필드 곡률의 실현과 같은 장점을 얻을 수 있다. 이와 같은 비구면 자유형상 금형을 가공하기 위한 방법으로는 초정밀가공기를 이용한 다이아몬드 절삭 방법을 사용하였으며, 제작된 비구면 자유형상 미러 금형의 평가는 비구면 형상 측정기를 이용하여 실시하였다. 이러한 방법에 의해 $1{\mu}m$ 이하의 형상 정밀도(PV)와 $0.02{\mu}m$ 이하의 표면 거칠기(Ra)를 갖는 비구면 자유형상 금형을 제작할 수 있었다.