• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2011

The importance of renewable energy technology is discussed and next generation power transmission networks, which is called the smart grid, are constructed in developed countries. However for construction and operation of the smart grid, it is required not only to develop the electrical power generation technologies and transmission equipments but also to study systematic analysis and optimization for design and operation of the smart grid. In this paper we study electrical power trade in the smart grid using operations research models and simulation methods. We also consider future electrical power exchange markets in Korea and build four scenarios and the related optimization and simulation models, which reflect electrical power transaction pricing strategies of stake-holders. We can also simulate electrical power exchange market and analyze the results of electrical power trading, which can give us some insights for future electrical power exchange market.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.17-31
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• 2010

This study investigates two-stage return policy and recycling issues in an e-marketplace supply chain consisting of consumers, a retailer and a manufacturer. The manufacturer, a focal company in the e-marketplace supply chain, considers the recycling of commercial returns so offers the retailer a buy-back contract of which transfer payment consists of a wholesale price and a buy-back price. Then, under the given contract offer, the retailer determines a selling price and a return policy to control consumers' demand and return requests. We consider the retailer's opportunistic behavior and supply chain coordination issues based on the principal-agent paradigm. We compare the first-best and second-best optima and conduct comparative static analyses to evaluate the performance results of the buy-back contract and provide important managerial implications.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.669-675
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• 2003

This paper examines structural breaks and asymmetries of prices of four domestic petroleum products, i.e., gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and bunker-C, following the changes in the pricing policies pertaining to petroleum products in Korea from the government-controlled pricing system to the market pricing system. We use the monthly wholesale market price data for the sample period between July 1988 and December 2001. Using the four methods: the Chow test, the CUSUM/CUSUMQ tests, the Bayesian approach and the Dufour test, the structural behaviors of the petroleum product prices are examined. We found that structural change occurred in all petroleum products, with the exception of Kerosene, at the point of pricing policy change from government-controlled to the spot-price related pricing system. We, also conducted asymmetric analysis using the Borenstein, Cameron, and Gilbert (1997)'s model and found evidences of price asymmetry for all four product types, but in different pattern for each product.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.3 s.24
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• pp.53-58
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• 2004

In this study the effect caused by limited storage lift of agricultural products for determining shipping amount can be analyzed by $l^{st}$ order autoregressive model based on cobweb theorem. Carrying capacity and auction price of upland-grown cabbage and garlic from 2000 to 2003 in wholesale markets were used for analysis. In result regression models of cabbage can not be used in verification periods although those of garlic approximately predicted shipping amounts in verification periods. It can be inferred that it is hard to control shipping amounts depending on price fluctuation for agricultural products which have limited storage life so cultivated areas and meteorological risk should be managed for stable price.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 1998

The purpose of this study of identify the changing trends of consumer behavior to emergencing Price-off store. Therefore this study analyzed contributing factors to consumer market selection behavior focused on electric appliances. for these research the data were collected through the questionnaire and 407 respondents were housewives in Seoul and Gyeongi-do. Their data were analyzed using Frequency Mean and $x^2$-test. The Major findings of this study were as follows. 1) The percentage of purchasing the national brands of electric appliances were majority. In general the frequency prefered shopping store were the general agents department store discount store and wholesale club were in order. 2) When consumer buy the electric appliance in wholsesale club the buying percentage of iron was the highest. And the percentage of selection of foreign goods brands were very high. 3) The most important factors to determine the using Price-off store was the presence of this market around the housing and easing and easiness of parking.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to estimate the number of employed persons related to agriculture in agribusiness, to determine any factors affecting changes in employed persons, based on the Input-Output Tables in 1995, 2000, and 2005. The number of employed persons related to Crops in the input industry of agriculture was 184,076 in 1995, 186,616 in 2000, and 193,394 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Agriculture, forestry and fishing related services, Wholesale and retail trade, Fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, and Forest products, etc. The number of employed persons related to Animals in the input industry of agriculture was 46,6166 in 1995, 28,886 in 2000, and 35,714 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Wholesale and retail trade, Prepared livestock feeds, Agriculture, forestry and fishing related services, and Forest products, etc. The number of employed persons related to Crops in post-farm gate industries was 184,076 in 1995, 186,616 in 2000, and 193,394 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Accommodation and food services, Other food products, Wholesale and retail trade, and Polished grains, flour and milled cereals, etc. The number of employed persons related to Animals in the post-farm gate industries was 184,076 in 1995, 186,616 in 2000, and 193,394 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Meat and dairy products, Wholesale and retail trade, Accommodation and food services, and Land transport, etc. In 2005, the number of employed persons related to agriculture in agribusiness per 1,000 employed persons in agriculture was 211, in the input industries in agriculture it was 53, and in the post-farm gate industries it was 158.gribusiness.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.59-78
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• 2010

This paper tries to apply the asymmetrical price transmission(APT) behavior observed in the agricultural industry to supply chains of the domestic fishery industry by a statistical manner. The fore mentioned asymmetrical price transmission refers to when price movements in the later stage of the supply chain do not move in a normal or symmetrical manner corresponding to price movements in the earlier stage of the supply chain. Therefore, when the earlier stage price increase and the later stage price increases to a larger degree, it is called positive(+) asymmetry and the opposite behavior is called negative(-) asymmetry. The study examines the data from domestic producers of three fresh fish types, hairtail, mackerel, and cuttlefish, and tries to examine the price asymmetry between the producer or farm, wholesaler, and retail prices via an APT test utilizing unit root, cointegration, and error correction model. The study found, hairtail wholesale and retail pricing bas a negative asymmetric relationship while mackerel has a negative asymmetric pricing relationship at the producer and retail levels of the supply chain. In the case of cuttlefish, all levels of the supply chain showed negative asymmetrical behavior in the supply chain price transmission, meaning the earlier stage price changes are more rapidly and greatly inputted in the later stage of the supply chain pricing. We believe that the reason why the analysis results show negative price asymmetry is due to the uniqueness of fishery products having an important variable such as freshness. If price increases are greater and quicker than price decreases, then consumer demand, which is sensitive to price increases will decrease and subsequently result in the increase of inventory levels, reducing profits for retailers. Also, frozen hairtail, mackerel, and cuttlefish will act as substitute goods to fresh fishery products. Therefore, fresh fishery products have a high demand of price elasticity. When prices increase, demand quickly decreases. Therefore the profit of wholesalers and retailers to decrease, I think this is the main reason of APT in the supply chain of Korea' s fisheries industry.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

This article aims to identify the current status of outsourced production of Dongdaemun brands and to discover the consumers' perception of those outsourced products, their degree of satisfaction, and preference in purchasing those products. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of the outsourced products, as perceived by the consmers, have been identified, and specific methods and directions for efficient overseas outsourcing of Dongdaemun brands are suggested. This study also contains experimental works, in which I have prepared questionnaires, and my advisor have collected data. This survey was conducted on corporation managers, who directly operated clothing stores in Dongdaemun Market in December 2007. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS 12.0 with various techniques such as t-test, paired t-test, frequency analysis and $X^2$-test. The results are summarized as the following: a) Comparison of the current outsourcing status of Dongdaemun brands showed that only eight out of the total 42 investigated companies have actually been outsourcing the production of their clothes. The biggest advantage of outsourcing was the reduced unit production cost, while low quality of products, delayed production, difficulty of control and management were shown as its disadvantages; b) the reason for purchasing clothes in Dongdaemun Market was to buy various clothing products. Comparing these reasons among different groups showed that there was a significant discrepancy in terms of trend design and copy design, in which wholesale consumers had shown a higher degree than retail consumers; c) and the preference for outsourced products of Dongdaemun brands was negative in both wholesale consumers (71.05%) and retail consumers (83.54%), as they both prefer clothes manufactured in Korea. Both groups selected the expensive price as the biggest disadvantage of Korean products, and picked design as the biggest strength of the outsourced clothes. Furthennore, both wholesale consumers (63.16%) and retail consumers (74.68%) selected Italy as the most preferred country for outsourcing clothing production. in which their reason had been their expectation for good product quality. The least preferred country for both wholesale (47.37%) and retail (50.63%) consumers was China, a country which they expected poor product quality.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.855-861
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• 1999

In this paper, we present new application for the auction method which has been based on one-chip microprocessors. We develop the portable wired terminal for market blocker. And, using that, the recommended price of products is able to push into and show the information of action status. Through our research, using EAS(Electronic Auction System), we can prevent supplier from blocker's rigging the market, because anyone who have a qualification for the action blocker is able to participate in action.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.128-136
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• 2018

The Anti-corruption Law has been enforced since Sep. 28, 2016 to prevent public servants from colluding with people for political favors and financial gain by giving bribes to public servants. Generally, most people in Korea think that the law has had a positive effect on society. Under this law, people believe that our society has become more transparent. However, domestic producers think the law has had negative effects on the Korean livestock industry. Statistics from the domestic livestock industry show that the Hanwoo price has dropped after the law was enforced. This study attempts to show how livestock prices in the Korean livestock industry have changed after the enactment of the law. We chose three important livestock industries, Hanwoo, pork, and chicken, to determine and compare the effects of the law on them. For the analysis, we used a time-series model, VAR, to incorporate the interactions of the three industries. We selected the average wholesale prices of these industries. Daily prices during the last 5 years were used to estimate and forecast the impacts of the law. The results show that the price of Hanwoo decreased after the enforcement of the law; however, the other livestock prices did not decrease. Additionally, we clearly saw this negative effect on the Hanwoo industry during the high demand season and New Year's Day (solar and lunar together).