• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

전곡립(whole grains)의 압출성형 및 효소처리에 따른 가공학적 특성과 생리적 특성을 연구하였다. 압출공정 처리한 전곡립 시료의 이화학적 특성은 호화도, 소화도, 저향전분 등을 측정하였으며, 이를 압출공정 처리하지 않은 생원료 및 볶음시료와 비교하였다. 압출공정은 모든 곡류의 호화도를 크게 증가시켰으며, 특히 보리의 경우에는 압출공정에 의해 원료시료 보다 약 7배정도 증가하였다. 소화도 역시 압출공정에 의해 원료시료나 볶음시료에 두드러지게 증가하여 보리의 경우 2.6배까지 증가하였다. 또한 압출공정에 의해 저항전분의 감소 등이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 전곡립을 압출공정과 식물세포벽 분해효소를 복합적으로 처리한 경우 처리하지 않은 원료와 비교하여 ${\beta}-sitosterol$이 최대 13배까지 증가하였다. 압출공정 후 효소처리는 생리활성 물질의 유리효과 뿐만 아니라 수용성 식이섬유 함량의 증가 소화율의 증가 등 각종 이화학적 특성도 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 압출공정과 효소처리를 복합적으로 적용하였을 때 전곡립의 가공학적 특성과 생리적 특성이 뚜렷하게 향상되는 것을 의미하는 것으로 산업적인 유용성이 매우 높다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.849-855
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• 2003

전곡립(Whole grains)의 압출공정에 따른 수용화 현상과 이화학적 특성의 변화를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 전곡립으로는 현재 산업적으로 분말곡류 제품에 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 현미, 현미찹쌀, 보리 및 율무의 4종을 사용하였다. 전곡립은 스크류 속도 $200{\sim}300\;rpm$, 온도 $110{\sim}130^{\circ}C$, 수분함량 $15{\sim}25%$의 범위에서 13개의 각각 다른 조건으로 압출공정을 시행하였다. 압출공정한 전곡립 시료의 특성은 수분용해지수(water solubility index), 점도, 식이섬유, 분산성, 팽화(expansion) 등을 측정하였으며, 이를 압출공정 처리하지 않은 생원료 및 볶은 시료(roasted grains)와 비교하였다. 수분용해지수는 압출공정에 의해 모든 곡류에서 뚜렷하게 증가하였으며, 특히 아밀로펙틴을 많이 함유하고 있는 현미찹쌀은 현미보다 2배 이상 증가하였다. 압출공정에 따른 곡류의 식이섬유함량을 측정한 길과 수용성 식이섬유는 증가하였으며, 반면에 불용성 식이섬유는 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 총 식이심유 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 압출공정에 의해 분산성의 향상, 팽화 현상 등이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and yield of whole green rice grains during the ripening period. These were investigated using Hopumbyeo and Unkwangbyeo at two transplanting times and with two kinds of nitrogen fertilization. The transplanting times were May 30 and June 20, respectively, using 30-day seedling culture and transplanting conducted with 3 - 4 plants per hill in planting space of $15cm{\times}30cm$. During nitrogen fertilization, 9 kg and 18 kg was used, respectively. The harvest of the green whole rice grains was carried out on the 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, and 40th day after the heading date. The clum length was greater with later planting and with application of more nitrogen. The rice yield was higher with nitrogen fertilization of 18 kg/10 a when transplanted on May 30 for Hupumbyeo, and for Unkwangbyeo, was higher at 9 kg/10 a nitrogen fertilization when transplanted on May 30. The protein content of Hopumbyeo was higher when the nitrogen fertilizer was 18 kg/10 a, and that of Unkwangbyeo was lower than that when transplanting on June 20. The greenness was not related to the nitrogen fertilization level when transplanted on May 20 but for later transplanting, the greenness was higher when the nitrogen application was increased, and the greenness was the greatest about 30 days after the heading date.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.102-115
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• 2001

Through out the last few decades, processing methods for ingredients of feed grains, such as grinding, flaking, extrusion, soaking, cracking etc., have been adopted in order to improve the nutrient digestibility in ruminants. Among feed grains, processing methods for whole corns have been the most frequently studied since corns are utilized as the thumb ingredients in formulating feeds. In these days, flaking of whole corns is the most incessantly used in formulation feeds, resulting in enhancing the performance of ruminants. Recently formulating non-forage feed for beef cattle, especially Holsteins, without processing whole corns is carrying out through various feed companies with expectations of whole corns acting like forages. However, it can not be ruled out that whole corns might possibly result in decreasing the productivity due to the depression of nutrient utilizations. Therefore, one must reevaluate the non-forage feeds as well as makes an effort to develop the rational and effective methodology in processing whole corns with the consideration of rumen eco-system.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.308-308
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• 2022

β-glucan, a nonstarch polysaccharide, is one of the main functional component in the cell wall of barley. This study was quality characteristics to use a korean variety with a high β-glucan as an original material for developing functional food. The high β-glucan 'Jeonju528, and 'Betaone' were compared with 'Hyeyang', 'Dahyang', 'Hwanggeumchal' and 'Glacier AC38' total 6 varieties. Seed section dyed to classify of Waxy/non-waxy type, starch granule was tested and moisture, protein, amylose, and β-glucan of whole grains and pearl barleys were experiment. Whole grains were the average protein of 13.2% and were the average starch 50.1%. β-glucan of whole grains were 5.3-10.0%, and amylose were 3.0-23.4%. Pearl barleys were the average protein of 11.7% and were the average starch of 65.0%. β-glucan of pearl barleys were 6.5-12.3%, and amylose were 3.6-31.1%. As a results of the correlation analysis were recognized significance among varieties for protein, starch and β-glucan but there was no difference in other traits. It was concluded that amylose showed a positive correlation with starch and β-glucan showed a negative correlation with amylose.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.176-186
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• 2014

Objectives: Epidemiological studies have suggested that a higher consumption of whole grain foods can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The objective of the current study was to examine associations among the consumption of whole grains and nutrient intakes and biochemical indicators associated with chronic diseases among generally healthy middle-aged Korean women. Methods: Using 24-hour recall data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of generally healthy 1,953 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups by the level of whole grain consumption (0 g/day, > 0 and < 20 g/day or ${\geq}20g/day$). Mean values or proportions of various nutrient intakes and metabolic risk factors were compared according to the level of whole grain consumption. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.2. Results: We observed that the overall consumption of whole grains was quite low. Specifically, 58.2% of subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the day of the survey, and the mean whole grain intake was only 15.3 g/day. The whole grain consumption was positively associated with intakes of various macro and micronutrients, namely, plant proteins and fats, dietary fiber, calcium, plant iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$ and folic acid. In addition, we found significantly decreasing trends in abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia as whole grain intake levels increase. Conclusions: The study findings suggested the importance of promoting whole grain consumption as an efficient tool for improving various dietary aspects and preventing chronic diseases.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

• 자원환경지질
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1986

A characteristic mineralogical zonal distribuion is observed in a large scale(whole ore- body) small scales(handy specimens). They show similar chemical variations: most of elements except CaO were supplied by hydrothermal fluids to form skarns. Garnets occuring in the pyroxene-garnet skarn have a wide range of chemical composition ranging from andradite to grossularite, while individual grains of the garnets also show a similar zonation of chemical composition varied between grossularite and andradite. Highly contained Mo-bearing scheelites are generally concentrated in the central part of the Sang- dong skarn orebody. Similarly, some large grains of scheelite show a nice zonation due to different contents of Mo, highly enriched in the core of the scheelite crystal. This geochemical similarity in the large scale and small scales suggests the Sangdong skarn formation was achieved under a certain chemical environment, and detailed studies on a small scale texture could be a clue to understand a whole ore deposit.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.384-400
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary factors are important contributors to cardiometabolic and cancer mortality. We examined the secular trends of nine dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, milk, red meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and calcium) and the associated burdens of cardiometabolic and cancer mortality in Korea using representative cross-sectional survey data from 1998 to 2016. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using dietary data from Korean adults aged ≥ 25 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we characterized secular trends in intake levels. We performed comparative risk assessment to estimate the population attributable fraction and the number of cardiometabolic and cancer deaths attributable to each dietary factor. RESULTS: A total of 231,148 cardiometabolic and cancer deaths were attributable to nine dietary risk factors in Korea from 1998 to 2016. Suboptimal intakes of fruits and whole grains were the leading contributors. Although the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains moderately improved over time, the intake levels in 2016 (192.1 g/d, 225.6 g/d, and 10.9 g/d, respectively) remained far below the optimal levels. Deaths attributable to the low intakes of nuts and seeds (4.5 g/d), calcium (440.5 mg/d), and milk (37.1 g/d) and the high intakes of red meat (54.7 g/d), processed meat (4.7 g/d), and sugar-sweetened beverages (33.0 g/d) increased since 1998. Compared with older age groups (≥ 45 years), more unfavorable changes in dietary patterns were observed in the younger population aged 25-44 years, including more sharply increased intakes of processed meat. CONCLUSIONS: We observed improvement in the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and unfavorable changes in the intakes of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages over the past few decades. Our data suggest that to reduce the chronic disease burden in Korea, more effective nutritional policies and interventions are needed to target these dietary risk factors.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.686-692
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• 2001

전곡립을 이용한 기능성 식품개발을 위하여 현미, 현미찹쌀, 보리, 현미율무를 온도 $110{\sim}130^{\circ}C$, 수분함량 $15{\sim}25%$, 스크류속도 $200{\sim}300rpm$의 조건에서 압출성형하고, 반응표면분석법(RSM)을 이용하여 최적조건을 분석하였다. 압출공정에 의한 전곡립의 수용화 효과는 수분용해지수(WSI), 농도(수율), 고유점도를 측정하였으며, 수율과 고유점도를 동시에 고려하여 새로운 무차원군의 최적인자인 $([\eta])$를 적용하여 최적조건을 찾고자 하였다. 각 조건별 실험결과를 반응표면분석을 실시하여 본 결과, 종속변수들에 대한 결정계수$(R^2)$는 $0.936{\sim}0.984$ 범위로 나타났다. 현미의 경우에는 수용화 수율, 현미찹쌀은 고유점도, 보리와 현미율무는 수용화 수율과 고유점도에 대해서 모델식이 유의성을 나타내었다. 특히 독립변수 중에서는 수분함량이 가장 큰 영향을 보였다. 최적인자인 $([\eta])$에는 고유점도가 더 큰 영향을 미치므로, 현미의 경우에서는 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 현미의 경우를 제외하고 최적화 인자로 설정한 $([\eta])$의 최적값을 찾기 위하여 회귀분석을 한 결과 임계점은 스크류 속도는 약 300rpm, 수분함량은 20%, 온도는 $120^{\circ}C$인 지점에서 나타났다.