• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.377-388
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the content attributes and sensory characteristics of ice cream flavored with lotus leaf and seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). Analysis of freeze dried lotus leaf powder produced the following technical results: Freeze dried lotus leaf powder contained moisture 12.2, crude protein 5.9, crude fat 1.2, crude ash 7.0, crude fiber 13.4g/100mg; raw lotus seed powder contained moisture 65.0, crude protein 8.2, crude fat 0.3, crude ash 1.0, crude fiber 10.8g/100mg; freeze dried lotus seed powder contained moisture 14.0, crude protein 17.1, crude fat 1.9, crude ash 4.0, crude fiber 2.8g/100mg. Lotus seed was processed by 4 methods: freeze dried, roasted, freeze dried peeled inner layer, cooked cut peeled inner layer. Analysis of the color value produced the following technical results: freeze dried lotus leaf powder were L(lightness) 14.5, a(redness) 4.4, b(yellowness) 24.0; freeze dried lotus seed powder L 57.3, a 14.4, b 12.0; roasted lotus seed powder L 52.7, a 22.5, b 11.9; freeze dried lotus seed peeled inner layer L 60.0, a 1.4, b 12.3. Proportional lotus ingredients used for ice cream were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% for lotus leaves and 1%, 3%, 5% for lotus seeds. The maximum over run ratio for lotus leaf ice cream was 45.3~56.9% at 20~25 minutes operating time. Over run was significantly decreased by increasing the contents of lotus leaf powder. A maximum over run ratio for lotus seed ice cream was 46.1~54.3% at 20~25 operating time. Over run was not significantly different based on content of lotus leaf versus lotus seed. Sensory evaluation of lotus leaf ice cream produced the following results: the highest score was for color of 4.42 and the lowest score was for sweetness of 3.30. The total mean score significantly decreased by increasing the content of lotus leaf powder. Sensory evaluation of lotus seed ice cream produced the following results: the highest score was for cooked cut peeled inner layer type and the lowest was for freeze dried type 3.86. The sensory scores were not significantly different based on the content of lotus seed. Texture was evaluated highest with a rating of 4.21 and the taste was evaluated lowest with a rating of 3.68 For whole evaluation. This study concluded that lotus leaf ice cream demonstrates relative strength in terms of color and taste, and a relative weakness in terms of over run and sweetness. Suitable content of lotus leaf ranged from 1~5%. The lotus seed processed by the cooked cut peeled inner layer method received a higher rating than dried powder for lotus seed ice cream.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the minimal processing characteristics of four vegetables (brown mustard, kale, red beet and red lettuce) for wrapping (Ssam). Prior to evaluation, the vegetable leaves were cut, washed, and packaged. The texture, weight loss, browning index, pH, gas concentrations ($O_2$ and $CO_2$), microbial growth, and organoleptic qualities of the leaves were assessed at $10^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The cutting strength of red beet was significantly different among leaves. The initial springiness of brown mustard was the lowest (0.98%). The weight loss varied between 0.24 to 4.77%, pH ranged from 6.00 to 6.95, and browning index increased to 0.95 during storage. Changes of gas composition were lower in cut leaf than whole leaf. Aerobic bacteria (4.9-8.0 log CFU/g), yeast (not detected), mold (-3.5 log CFU/g), and total coliforms (5.0-8.0 log CFU/g) were assessed in the samples. Thus, overall quality of kale and red beet leaves with minimal processing showed satisfactory results when stored for 7 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A variety of revegetation methods are being utilized and developed. However, most of revegetation methods used on highway slopes in Korea are based on foreign-introduced plant varieties to stabilize road surfaces and to administer afforestation for surface covering at an earlier phase. Therefore. it results in various problems. such as failure to achieve harmony with the surrounding vegetation and 10 cause re-denudation of slopes as the foreign-in introduced plant varieties wane out from 2~3 years after hydro-seeding, etc. In addition, some of the revegetation plants seeded in the earlier phase grow excessively high, thus causes successional problems, such as to inhibit the invasion of the secondary vegetation from the surrounding areas, etc. Therefore, in this study, 160 slopes located in the nationwide express highways have been investigated and analyzed in order to produce basic data for restoration of ecological environment in slopes created on a long-term basis by investigating and analyzing locational characteristics of cut and filled slopes in express highways, status of revegetation methods, characteristics of soil and plant-ecological environment. 1. Investigation on cut and embanked slopes in express highways was carried out in the total of 160 locations, which include 108 cut slopes and 52 embanked slopes. As a whole, the most frequently used revegetation method was seed spray, which was found to be used in the total of 55 target slops investigated. 2. Planting method of Wistaria floribunda applied to some of the blasted rock zones was found to cause damages as Wistaria floribunda trailed up the surrounding vegetation and the secondary invaded trees. In order to prevent this, this method must be used only in the lowest parts of large-sized slopes. Also, it will be required to administer continuous management and maintenance in the areas already planted with this plants. 3. The areas of blasted rock and ripping rock slopes were applied with coir net (net + seeding) method. However, many of these areas failed in achieving ground covering. Most areas where revegetation was in progress, they were covered with Eragrostis curvula(Weeping lovegrass) only. In areas with soil, such as decomposition of granite, where afforestation is difficult. In this slopes, soil base must be improved by hrdroseeding with thin-layer vegetation base application methods in order to achieve success in afforestation with native plants. 4. Woody species, rather than herb species, are more helpful in stabilization of slope surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to grow and protect woody species on highway slopes. Growth of woody vegetation is most largely influenced by soil depth. Thus, when hydro-seeding woody plants, it is recommended to apply at the upper layer of the slopes, which is capable to sufficiently provide the fundamentals required in plant growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of magnesium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth and cut flower quality of chrysanthemum 'Biarritz'. The nutrient concentrations in plant tissue and soil solution of root media were also determined. Magnesium deficiency appeared on older leaves with interveinal yellow-green chlorosis. Marginal chlorosis and necrosis also developed on some of older leaves. Elevation of Mg concentration in fertilizer solution increased cut flower weight at harvesting stage resulting in the 8.84g in 1.5mM treatment. Dry weight of whole above ground plant tissue increased as Mg concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated within the range from 0 to 15mM, but that of 20mM decreased compared to 15mM treatment. The dry weight of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM treatments were 8.42, 8.75 and 8.848 and tissue Mg contents of those based on the youngest fully expanded leaves at harvesting stage were 0.34, 0.53 and $0.71\%$, respectively. Based on dry weight and tissue Mg contents, Mg fertilization to maintain tissue contents higher than $0.64\%$ is necessary to ensure flower quality and yield. By considering the concentration in 15mM treatment, Mg concentration in soil solution of root media should be higher than $3.68mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at harvesting stage.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.649-661
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• 2020

Cut-slope management system (CSMS) has been investigated all slopes on the road of the whole country to evaluate risk rating of each slope. Based on this evaluation, the decision-making for maintenance can be conducted, and this procedure will be helpful to establish a consistent and efficient policy of safe road. CSMS has updated the database of all slopes annually, and this database is constructed based on a basic and detailed investigation. In the database, there are two type of data: first one is an objective data such as slopes' location, height, width, length, and information about underground and bedrock, etc; second one is subjective data, which is decided by experts based on those objective data, e.g., degree of emergency and risk, maintenance solution, etc. The purpose of this study is identifying an data application plan to utilize those CSMS data. For this purpose, logistic regression, which is a basic machine-learning method to construct a prediction model, is performed to predict a judging-type variable (i.e., subjective data) based on objective data. The constructed logistic model shows the accurate prediction, and this model can be used to judge a priority of slopes for detailed investigation. Also, it is anticipated that the prediction model can filter unusual data by comparing with a prediction value.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2006

This study was performed to test food preferences of the Korean elderly for Korean elderly menu development. The elderly subjects preferred steamed rice cooked with 1.2 times water than that with 1.5 times water (p < 0.001) , whole rice grain gruel than the gruel with ground grain (p < 0.05) . Green tea powder gruels developed as a snack, there were no significant differences in the preference of the elderly between gruel with different contents of green tea powder (2, 3, $4\%$). The preferences of the salt concentration of the soup were tested by using soybean sprout soup and soybean paste soup. The elderly preferred 0.7 - $0.8\%$ salted bean sprout soup and $7\%$ soybean paste soup. The elderly preferred Kimchi cut in widths of 1 - 2 cm than that in 0.5 cm. The elderly preferred sweeter grape jam ($67\%$ vs. $50\%$ or $37\%$ sugar content) and were not concerned about chewing seeds. This result could be useful to develop menus for the elderly. (Korean J Community Nutrition 11 (1): 98$\sim$107, 2006)

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2001

The most prevailing consumption pattern of chicken was "Buy fresh and cook at home (79.8%)". The frequency of eating chicken dish was about "Twice a month". Total average of degree of Preference is "2.30". It is very much close to "Like (2.0)" rather than "Average (3.0)". The degree of preference of chicken decrease as the age increase. About 30% of the housewives have the experience of buying chicken "Cut-up". But "Whole chicken (79.7%)" was still used mostly for chicken dish at home. As the education background improves or living expense increases, housewives purchase chicken "Cup-up" more frequently. The major criteria in purchasing chicken was "Hygiene (67.4%)""Quality (55.2%), "Expiration date (36.7%)" follows next. The groups of ′Above 50 years′, ′Graduate school′ and ′More than 3 million won′show greater interest about "Health" than any other groups. Major chicken dish at home in Korea was "Chopped hot chicken (70.7%)". "Boiled chicken soup (43.2%) \" and "Ginseng chicken soup (39.3%)" follows next. "Order for delivery (57.4%)" increased rapidly for chicken consumption. Croup of ′20~30 years′ order chickens for delivery more frequently than other groups. But as the age of housewives increases, they cook at home more frequently. The most preferred chicken dish for dining-out were "Fried chicken (69.4%)" and "Spicy chicken (57.4%)". The preference of Korean traditional dish for dining out was decreasing except "Chuncheon chicken rib (14.2%)".2%)".

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.233-241
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• 2007

Circulation planning for exhibition space depends on visitors, exhibition documents and exhibition space. To make visitors feel sympathy for the exhibition and meet visitors' movement and its spatial factors in the exhibition, guidelines for the planning layout of exhibition and exhibition space are needed. This research was aimed at gathering guidelines about the circulation planning for exhibition space for visitors who can acquire exhibition information in a natural way and enjoy the whole aspect of exhibition or enjoy preferential exhibition by investigating and analyzing viewing types of visitors, layout of exhibition and space unit exhibition. The result of this research was summarized as the following. 1) It needs optional viewing space large enough to be seen clearly so that all exhibition space can be seen at a glance at the main entrance of exhibition. 2) Layout of exhibition is needed for island-exhibition position and optional space preparation, when visitors pass by an article on exhibition short-cut. 3) Layout of exhibition is needed for double sided exhibition.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.1 s.141
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• pp.65-68
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• 2007

The application of Giemsa technique to stain compressed diaphragm samples obtained from rodents experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis is described. Diaphragm samples from rats heavily infected with 20 muscle larvae per gram of body weight(20 ML/gbw) were cut into several pieces and stained with Giemsa; on the other hand, whole diaphragms from slightly infected mice(1 ML/gbw) were also stained with Giemsa. Besides, muscle samples were also stained with Giemsa. Observation at 10 $\times$ magnification revealed that both ML and nurse cells(NC) look as bluish structures clearly contrasting with the pinkish color of the non-infected muscle fibers. NC in the diaphragms of mice could be easily observed at naked eye as blue points contrasting with the pink surrounding areas formed by the non-infected muscle fibers. Among NC observed in the diaphragms of rats infected with 20 ML/gbw, 4.4% was multiple infection. These findings were confirmed in sectioned and hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens. This data could be usefulness for a rapid diagnosis of trichinellosis in post-mortem mammals without magnification procedures.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.177-191
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• 2004

Monitoring has been done for the shingle beach in Hagdong Beach in Geojesi, City during the seven month period. The shingle beach has been found to go through the cyclic change according to the tidal schedule. The typhoon Rusa in year 2002 affected whole beach face. Sea wall, constructed to protect the village along the beach, aggravates the situation, since it cut off the supply of shingle from the marine terrace, upon which village was built. Concrete walls along the streams also diminish the supply of shingles from the mountains. To protect the shingle beach and encourage the sustainable eco-tourism long-term monitoring on sediment budget is necessary.