• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate tooth whitening maintenance efficacy of several dentifrices containing effective ingredients for tooth whitening. Methods: Hydroxyapatite specimens(HAPs) staining was done by using modified Stookey's methods. HAPs were treated with 2.9% hydrogen peroxide containing strip for whitening, and were shaken with several dentifrice slurry(dentifrice 1 : artificial saliva 2) for 30 minutes. The HAPs were finally dipped in staining solution for an hour. Shaking and dipping were repeated 4 times and lightness values were measured by colorimeter at each step. In clinical test, test 4 dentifrice and control dentifrice were evaluated by 21 subjects for 2 months after receiving institutional review board(IRB) approval. Organoleptic(vita shade guide) and instrumental(SHADEEYE-NCC) evaluation were performed for whiteness change of teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and ${\chi}^2$-test(p<0.05). Results: All dentifrices showed statistical significance in comparison with control dentifrice containing sodium fluoride and test 4 dentifrice containing sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, candelilla wax, and sodium fluoride showed statistical significance in comparison with other dentifrices by inhibiting staining in vitro(p<0.05). In clinical test, test 4 dentifrice showed better effects than control dentifrice in organoleptic and instrumental evaluation in tooth whitening maintenance efficacy(p<0.05). The awareness toward tooth whitening maintenance efficacy for 2 months use showed that test 4 dentifrice was much better than control dentifrice, but did not show statistically significant(p>0.05). Conclusions: Dentifrice containing sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, candelilla wax and sodium fluoride was more effective in keeping teeth white.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2013

Recently, many cosmetic researchers have been focused on the development of high functional cosmetics including anti-wrinkle and whitening. In these studies, they couldn't afford to pay a deep attention to stable encapsulations for unstable materials and efficient drug deliveries for them. Particularly, in order to show a degree of instant effects as cosmetics, they can't also ignore moisturizing effect enough to satisfy customers just after applying and its maintenance by improving the function of skin barrier as well as above two effects. Therefore, skin analogue systems have attracted considerable attention in the view of structural and compositional similarity to intercellular membrane in stratum corneum. And, some models for skin analogue composition were developed to improve the function of skin barrier, stably encapsulate unstable materials such as retinol, vitamin B, C, E, etc., and control their skin penetration in order to show good effects as cosmetics. In this study, we suggest the new skin analogue model having the compositional similarity as well as conventional structural ones. Our skin analogue membrane(SAM) is mainly composed of ceramide/ cholesterol/phosphatidylcholin/fatty acids and its structural defects are compensated by including cholesterol amphiphile and controlling the ratio of ceramide/cholesterol. It was possible to confirm the formation of skin analogue membrane having highly-densed multilamella structure and compare them according to the change of each ratio with a polarized microscope, X-ray diffraction. More detaily, we observed their structures with a electron microscope(TEM). Finally, we dispersed them in excess of continuous water phase, observed the formation of maltese-cross liquid crystalline and measured the efficiency of drug deliveries and moisturizing effects.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

본 논문은 미백 후 수복재의 종류에 따른 표면변화를 관찰하고, 미백제에 의한 표면변화가 수복재의 착색감수성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 자가미백제로 널리 사용되는 15% carbamide peroxide가 대표적인 심미수복재인 콤포지트 레진(composite resin, CR), 레진강화형글라스아이오노머(resin modified glass ionomer, RMGI), 글라스아이오노머(glass ionomer, GI)의 표면에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한, 미백 후의 착색감수성을 평가하기 위하여 커피용액에 일정 시간 보관한 후 수복재의 색 변화를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 미백 전과 미백 후의 색변화에서는 실험에 사용된 모든 재료에서 ${\Delta}L^*$, ${\Delta}a^*$, ${\Delta}b^*$, ${\Delta}E^*$값이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). ${\Delta}E^*$와 ${\Delta}L^*$값은 RMGI, GI, CR 순으로 색변화가 많이 나타났고(p<0.05), ${\Delta}a^*$값은 GI, RMGI, CR 순으로 미백 후 감소하였으며, ${\Delta}b^*$값은 RMGI에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2. 미백 전과 미백 후 표면조도는 CR, RMGI, GI 모두 미백 전과 후에 유의한 차이를 나타내었는데 RMGI가 미백 후 가장 큰 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 실험군과 대조군을 커피 용액에 착색시킨 후의 ${\Delta}E^*$값은 GI, RMGI, CR 순으로 크게 나타났으나 GI와 RMGI에서만 유의한 차이를 보여 미백을 한 실험군의 색 변화가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). ${\Delta}L^*$값은 GI와 RMGI의 경우 유의한 차이를 보여 미백을 하고 착색한 경우 명도가 더욱 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, ${\Delta}a^*$값보다 ${\Delta}b^*$값의 증가가 훨씬 더 크고 뚜렷하였다. 4. 커피 용액 착색에 따른 시편의 표면 변화는 CR, RMGI, GI 모두 착색 전과 착색 후에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 심미수복재의 색안정성은 심미성을 유지하는 중요한 요인이고, 치아미백 또한 심미를 목적으로 하는 술식이다. 따라서 치과에서는 수복재의 종류에 따라 미백제나 착색물에 대한 반응이 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 것을 고려해야 하며, 술식을 제공받는 내원자들이 착색을 야기할 수 있는 음식이나 음료에 대해 인지하고 예방할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.