• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2005

Several biological activities of Rhododendron mucronulatum were investigated. The electron donating abilities of ethanol extracts of Rhododendron mucronulatum were more than 90% at 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase was inhibition about 46% by the ethanol extracts of R. mucronulatum at 500 ppm 48% of tyrosinase activity relating to skin-whitening was shown at 1,000 ppm. Uniquely, the anti-microbial effects of water extract and ethanol extract were shown only on Staphylococcus aureus. The water extract 1 mg/disc showed the higher activity than ethanol extract. The growth inhibition effect of each sample on lung cancer (A549) and melanoma (B16F10) cell lines were over 70% at 1,000 ppm, while the effects on the melanoma (G361) and liver cancer (HepG2) were about 50% at the same concentration.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.327-334
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• 2022

Marine resources have various biological activities and their constituents are more novel than those of land organisms. Several biologically active constituents have been found in marine organisms. Recently, many studies have reported that marine animals (MAs) can be used as functional ingredients in functional foods or nutraceutical due to their health benefits. However, no studies have extensively investigated the cosmeceutical activities of MAs extracts. Here, 70% ethanol extracts of 38 MAs were investigated for their activities of whitening and anti-aging properties for use as materials in novel cosmeceuticals. Anti-aging activities were determined by skin aging-related enzyme activities (anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase) and whitening activities (anti-tyrosinase, anti-3,4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine [DOPA] oxidation) evaluated by colorimetric method. Among the 38 MAs, we found that Urechis unicinctus and Petrosia corticata extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and DOPA oxidation, respectively. Our results additionally showed that Protankyra bidentata extract might provide a major source of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase; meanwhile, anti-collagenase effects were similar in most MAs. Overall, these results suggest that extracts of marine animals have potential as a tyrosinase, collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors. Taken together, MA resources could be considered as a novel cosmeceutical agent to be applied in cosmetic industry.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study was performed to DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity and intracellular melanin synthesis inhibition to verify the whitening effect of Fagopyrum tataricum (bitter buckwheat) extract as contrasted with Fagopyrum esculentum (sweet buckwheat) extract. F. tataricum extract in consequence showed higher antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition compared with F. esculentum extract. We investigated skin bright value during 8 weeks after induction of pigmentation in human skin from UV irradiation. In result, we obtained statistically a significant skin whitening effect from visual and mechanical evaluation. Accordingly, F. tataricum extract is expected to be high availability as functional cosmetic material for skin whitening.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Juglans mandshurica belongs to the family Juglandaceae is known to contain a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, astringent, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Melanogenesis refers to the biosynthesis of melanin pigment in melanocytes. In this study, to investigate the whitening activity of the extracts from Juglans mandshurica, we measured effects on a tyrosinase activity, a melanogenesis, and a tyrosinase synthesis in the B16/BL6 melanoma cells and an antioxidant activity. The extracts significantly scavenged a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a superoxide anion radicals in a dose-dependent manner with a $SC_{50}$ value of $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Also, the tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis were significantly inhibited by the extracts. Furthermore, the synthesis of tyrosinase protein was significantly decreased by the extracts in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 2% of the extracts showed that the extracts have a significant skin whitening effect. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the extracts from Juglans mandshurica may be useful as a potential agent for skin whitening.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.260-275
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• 2020

Background: We investigated the antioxidant, anti-wrinkles, whitening, and moisturizing properties and amounts of phenolic compounds of ethanol extracts from flowers of 10 resource plants from Namwon and Mt. Jiri., Korea. Methods and Results: We measured antioxidant efficacy based on the total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. We evaluated the inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity for the whitening effect. Furthermore, we analyzed the elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibition activity for anti-wrinkle capacity. To evaluate the moisturizing effect, we examined hyaluronan synthase (HAS) mRNA expression. In addition, the 19 phenolic compounds were detected using high performace liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the 10 flowers, the antioxidant effect was high in the order of Rosa multiflora, Nelumbo nucifera, and Elsholtzia splendens. Whitening effect was high in the order of N. nucifera, R. multiflora, and Dendranthema zawadskii. As for the anti-wrinkle property, N. nucifera was the most effective followed by R. multiflora. Taraxacum coreanum was the best for moisturizing effect, followed by D. zawadskii, and E. splendens. Seven phenolic compounds were detected in the extracts of the 10 flowers. Conclusions: Overall, the extracts of five flowers extracts showed strong potential as antioxidant, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and moisturizing functional cosmetic agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities, including the total polyphenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and tyrosinase inhibition activities, of various cultivars of unripe peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch). The results indicate that the total polyphenolic content (gallic acid equivalent mg/g) was the highest in Yumefuji among six-cultivars (Takinosawa Gold, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Madoka, Yumefuji, Nagasawa Hakuho, and Hong Bak) of unripe peaches, whereas it was the lowest in Madoka. Antioxidant effects of unripe peaches were determined in three different in vitro bioassays measuring DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power activity. In the results, antioxidant activity was also higher in Yumefuji than other cultivars. Tyrosinase inhibition activity ranged from 4.65% to 8.58%, and Hong Bak displayed the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity, although the difference was not significant. This study will provide information on antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities for the development of natural compounds as functional cosmetics.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

In this study, graviola leaf extracts (GLE) was investigated for the effect of antioxidant, antibacterial, whitening, anti-wrinkle. The antioxidant effect of GLE was measured by an electron donating ability assay. As a result, GLE increased the electron donating ability in a concentration-dependent manner. The antibacterial effect of GLE was found to show the higher antibacterial effect in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CCARM3115 compared with that of ampicillin by a paper disc method. The whitening effect of GLE was also measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and it was found that the tyrosinase activity of GLE decreased as the concentration increased. The inhibition activity of tyrosinase involved in hydroxylation reaction which is related to converting L-tyrosine to (DOPA) was higher than that of arbutin's at the concentration ranging from 125 to $250{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, GLE reduced melanin contents of B16-F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependant manner and decreased to about 76.7% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ Regarding wrinkling formation of GLE, an elastase inhibition assay was performed. As a result, GLE and ursolic acid were 10.5% and 56.5%, respectively under the identical concentration. These results suggest that GLE has significant antioxidant and whitening activities, and also may be potentially used as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation treatment as an ingredient of whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2015

In this study, cosmeceutical activities of the co-cultures of both lactic acid bacteria isolated from the hands of women, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) were first reported: For whitening and anti-wrinkle activities, the co-culture showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition of 20.68%, compared L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus. The co-culture also showed the highest inhibition of melanin synthesis as 63.7%. In observing the anti-wrinkle activities of the co-culture, it generated only 3726.3 pg/mL of matrixmetalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production when 13613.5 pg/mL and 13012.0 pg/mL of MMP-1 production were estimated from L. rhamnosus and L. paracasei. Besides these, the extract from the co-culture yielded higher collagen production as 380.7 ng/mL, compared to 323.4 ng/mL and 304.1 ng/mL from L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus. These results indicate that the co-culture of both lactic acid could improve its cosmetic activities. This hypothesis was also confirmed that the co-culture of both bacteria showed strong antioxidant activities of DPPH free radical scavenging while the extract of L. rhamnosus and L. paracasei.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.750-754
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and skin whitening effects of Rhamnus yoshinoi extracts. Rhamnus yoshinoi was extracted with 100% ethanol and water. The antioxidative and skin whitening effects of extracts were determined by in vitro assays using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. The radical scavenging activities of the Rhamnus yoshinoi extracts were tested by DPPH assay and showed high DPPH radical scavenging activities (SC50; 21.6 ppm in EtOH, 40.5 ppm in water). As for tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the Rhamnus yoshinoi ethanol extract had the highest inhibition activity ($IC_{50}$; 256.3 ppm). In B16F1 mouse melanoma cells, the Rhamnus yoshinoi ethanol extract significantly inhibited melanin synthesis by 53.36% at the concentration of 50 ppm. These results suggest that Rhamnus yoshinoi ethanol extract has significant antioxidant activity and whitening activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

Saccharomyces lysate has the well-known function of soothing the skin in various ways: it is an anti-irritant and can treat skin care conditions, such as skin whitening and antioxidative activity. However, data on the safety for use of Saccharomyces lysate in cosmetics and skin care products are still limited. To design a new cosmetic material with antioxidant and skin-whitening effects, 80 yeast strains were isolated from berries grown in Sunchang. Among the isolates, the FT4-4 strain, which exhibited superior biological activities, was selected for further experiments. The FT4-4 strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by 18S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. S. cerevisiae FT4-4 showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging (51.41%), superoxide dismutase (62.23%), and tyrosinase inhibition (64.75%) activities. The highest yield of biomass (3.16 g/l) and maximum growth rate of S. cerevisiae FT4-4 were observed within 16 h. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity potential of S. cerevisiae FT4-4 on B16F10 melanoma cells was measured by an MTT assay, and the results indicated that S. cerevisiae FT4-4 had a capacity to inhibit melanin up to 72.02% at an initial 10 mg/ml concentration. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae FT4-4 could be a promising candidate as a multi-functional material for application in the cosmetic industry, especially because of its antioxidant and skin-whitening effects.