• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 1995

Cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L. normally have pink flowers, but the flue-cured tobacco mutant line, BU 8832-85, had white flower. The mutant line was crossed with five normal varieties of KF 109, NC 82, TC 499, NC 567 and Coker 176. All Fl plants showed pink flower. The progenies of F2 generations were segregated with the phenotypic ratio 9 : 3 : 4 with pink, varigated(a recombinant type) and white flower, respectively. Test-cross populations showed 1 : 1 : 2 ratios. These results showed that the white flower character was controlled by two recessive genes. The genes were designated as FFCC for pink and ffcc for white flower. The recessive gene ff was epistatic to C and c. Therefore, white flower had a recessive epistasis gene.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 1995

Tests were performed on 232 bacterial strains (71 strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii and 161 white line reacting organisms, WLRO) isolated from cultivated mushrooms. As results, P. tolaasii was divided into 5 groups on the basis of the phenotypical characteristics for the strains, and group 3 was the major one including 48 (62%) out of the total 71 strains. WLRO were classified into 23 groups, and group 10 was the major group (65 strains, 30% of the total WLRO tested). A white line was well formed at 22$^{\circ}C$ and at 4 mm distance between P. tolaasii and WLRO colonies in their dual culture on Pseudomonas agar F medium within 36-hr incubation, but not formed at $25^{\circ}C$ even for 72-hr incubation. The morphological, cultural and biological properties of P. tolaasii group 3, and the main group of WLRO, group 10, were different only in the light of pathogenicity. Also group 2 of P. tolaasii had the characteristics similar to group 24 of WLRO which was pathogenic to cultivated mushrooms, suggesting the P. tollaasiii and WLRO strains may be the same species although their white line forming ability and pathogenicity were more or less different from one another. Subculture of the strains in P. tolaasii group 1 induced the variation of their pathogenicity, white line forming ability and utilization of sodium benzoate and sodium tartrate, and thus it can be inferred that they were converted to strains having the characteristics of group 3 or WLRO groups.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

PURPOSES : Visibility of lanes on the road improves as retro-reflectivity rises. This helps reduce traffic accidents at nighttime or in bad weather. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of improved visibility on reduction of traffic accidents when the color of the lane in the median of the highway was changed from yellow to white. METHODS : In order to evaluate the accident reduction effect of the white left shoulder line, Hauer (1997)'s Comparison-Group method was chosen as an analysis methodology. The JungBu-2 highway, which is equipped with the white left shoulder line and is in trial operation, was chosen as a target for analysis. Data of accidents for 10 months before and after installation was collected and analyzed. In addition to the number of accidents, the types of accidents were classified into nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions. The accident reduction effect of improved visibility of lanes was analyzed. RESULTS : The analysis' finding showed that installation of the white left shoulder line decreased the number of accidents by 28%. Moreover, improvement in visibility was effective in reducing nighttime accidents by 67.63%, accidents in bad weather by 55.19%, and median collisions by 48.55%. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the analysis' results in this study, it was concluded that white left shoulder line on the freeway contributed to reduce traffic accidents, especially nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

PURPOSES: This study analyzes feasibility for application white pavement markings in the roadways with median barrier. METHODS : By reviewing numerous relevant laws, standards, and operational cases, the white pavement markings' excellence was demonstrated. Driver's behavior was analyzed through a virtual driving experiment using driving simulator and field tests. RESULTS:First, white pavement markings are superior to yellow pavement markings in terms of visibility, economics, and safety. Second, as a result of virtual driving experiment, the color of line in the roadway with median barrier didn't affect the driver's behavior such as the average vehicle speed, the distance bias in the lane and the separation distance from the centerline. Third, field test demonstrated that the driver tended to recognize the median barrier as an obstacle. In addition, the central driving ratio in the lane was increased due to improving the visibility of line at night in case of the white pavement markings. CONCLUSIONS : The application of white pavement markings in the roadways with median barrier can enhance traffic safety by improving the visibility of line at night.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.650-660
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• 2011

Purpose of this study is to explore: 1) the difference in color sensibility evaluation, color attractiveness, and attitude toward the product, 2) the difference in the effect of color sensibility evaluation on color attractiveness, and 3) the difference in the effect of color sensibility evaluation on attitude toward the product between the identical clothing product presented in on-line and off-line settings. Experimental method was applied with 230 male and female university students using stimuli of an on-line site as well as an off-line window display presenting the same white t-shirts. Color sensibility factors of white t-shirt were hedonic, stimulating, active, and spatial senses. These color sensibility factors of the clothing product affected product color attractiveness as well as attitude toward the product. Although there were not differences in color sensibility evaluation, product attractiveness, and attitude toward the product between items presented in on-line and off-line settings, difference was found in the effect of color sensibility on the color attractiveness and attitude toward the product. The effect of color sensibility on color attractiveness and attitude toward the product was stronger in on-line than in off-line setting. Hedonic sense was the most important factor influencing attractiveness of product color and attitude toward the product. In addition, spatial sense affected attractiveness of product color in on-line setting; and stimulating sense impacted attitude toward the product in off-line setting. Based on the results implications were generated.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.92-95
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• 2018

After the revision of the Korean species of Asthena $H{\ddot{u}}bner$, we additionally added one new species, Asthena koreana sp. nov. and two new records, Asthena hamadryas Inoue and Asthena sachalinensis (Matsumura) from Korea. Asthena koreana sp. nov. can be characterized by the white forewing with a costally bifurcated, loop-shaped antemedial line, black minute discoidal dot and single postmedial line and white hindwing with straight antemedial line and black discoidal dot. Asthena hamadryas Inoue can be distinguished by a white forewing with a costally loop-shaped antemedial line and undulating, double lines of the postmedial line, as well as a white hindwing with four light ochreous waved lines without discoidal dots. Asthena sachalinensis can be distinguished by their whitish forewing with thick light brownish postmedial lines and minute black discoidal dot on the costal loop of the antemedial line and whitish hindwing with light brownish medial lines with minute black discoidal dot. Currently, eight species of the genus are known in Korea. We provided a revised key to the Korean species of the genus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.784-792
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• 1998

This study was conducted to select resistant chicken-line between Brown and White layer lines against Salmonella gallinarum infection. The Brown and White layer chickens allocated into different age groups were inoculated with S gallinarum (WJO-126) either orally($1{\times}10^7cfu$) or intramusculaly($5{\times}10^6cfu$) and clinical observations were made for 2 weeks. All dead birds were necropsied and culture was made to recover the inoculated organinsm from liver, spleen, brain, bone marrow and cecal contents. Serum was isolated from all live birds after 2 weeks experiment and these birds were also necropsied and cultured to reisolate S gallinarum. The brown layers showed very high mortality to S gallinarum infection regardless of their ages and routes of inoculation, while white layers did not shown any mortality by the direct effects of S gallinarum. The mortality rate of 2 week old brown layers, in particular, were 82.6% (19/23) in peroral group and 86.9% in intramuscularly inoculated group, while those of white layer groups were only 0.0% in both groups. S gallinarum could be reisolated from all dead birds, especially, from liver and spleen. This result was inferred that the organism is highly invasive on the chicken. The intramuscularly challenged birds showed more seropositive-reactors(86.9%) than orally inoculated groups(61.9%). The overall results of present study suggested that white layers are much more resistant than brown layers against the experimental infection of S gallinarum and shown experimentally that resistance to S gallinarum is a characteristic of the White-line layers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1995

A new flue-cured tobacco mutant line BU 8832-85 was developed at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute in 1994. KF 8832-85 was resulted from a cross of flue-cured cultivars NC 95$\times$NC 2326, and developed by a pedigree system of breeding ; initial selection was made by plant type and resistance to bacterial wilt(BW) disease(heudomonas solanaceamm) in the F2 generation under the natural field conditions infested with the pathogen. One white flowered plant was occurred by spontaneous mutation in a certain line among the F3 generatioin while the others were pink. Six plants from the seeds by selfing were selected at the field infested with the pathogen among 240 populations with white flowering in the F4, KF 8832-85 was selected based on yield and leaf quality trials among 6 lines in Fs generation. BCF 8832-85 was compared with its Parent for certain agronomic and chemical characteristics at Taegu Experiment Station in 1993 and 1994. The results showed that KF 8832-85 have white flower, the stalk height was approximately that of NC 2326 but averaged about loom taller than NC 95. It produced ground suckers as much as NC 95, and did not breakdown leaf at the same as WC 2326. KF 8832-85 have high resistance to bacterial wilt disease. Yield of KF 8832-85 was 10 and 18% higher then that of NC 2326 and WC 95, respectively. Price per Kg was equal to that of NC 2326. The contents of nicotine and reducing sugar did not differ significantly from NC 95, while total nitrogen was significantly lower than NC 95. Therefore, the new mutant line is genetically stable for agronomic and chemical characteristics and provides a source of bacterial wilt disease resistance for use in breeding resistant flue-cured cultivars. Key words : Mutant line, White flower, Spontaneous mutation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.709-711
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• 2000

In this paper, a home network message specification and systems based on the Power Line Communication(PLC) are proposed. As a case study, the home network message specification and systems for the white goods are proposed. It is designed for the various home appliances from the lightning to the white goods using power line communication based on Internet protocol. The proposed home network system is composed of the home network message specification with browsing S/W and embedded H/W design based on the power line communication.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.119-123
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• 1999

Genetic diversity of Korean isolates of Pseudomonas tolaasii and WLRO (White line reacting organism) was assessed using BOX-, REP-, and ERIC-PCR analysis. P. tolaasii showed nearly identical band patterns among isolates, whereas considerable DNA polymorphism was found among isolates of WLRO. On the basis of dendogram, WLRO is characterized as a complex group with high degree of genetic differentiation. Genetic relatedness based on repetitive DNA regions was low between P. tolaasii and WLRO isolates.