• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2021

Securing a range of wheat resources is of particular importance with respect to wheat breeding, as it provides a broad genetic foundation. Although wheat breeders have used different wheat germplasms as material resources in current breeding systems, the traits of most germplasms collected from foreign countries differ from the unique traits that have evolved in the Korean environment. In this study, conducted over a 2-year period (2018 and 2019), we therefore evaluated the agricultural traits 1,967 wheat germplasms collected not only in Korea but also worldwide. During the period from sowing to February, the average temperature in 2019 was greater than 1℃, whereas from March to June, the average temperature was approximately 0.9℃ higher in 2018. Compared with the growth recorded in 2018, the stem length in 2019 increased by approximately 20 cm in 2019, and there were notable differences heading date and maturation between 2018 and 2019. In 2019, the heading dates of 973 and 713 wheat resources were earlier and later than those in 2018, respectively. Moreover, stem length was found to be highly correlated with the heading date and maturation. In Korea, where the rainy season and tine of rice transplantation overlap with the time of wheat harvest, early flowering time with high grain yield has been the most important selection target with respect to wheat breeding. We anticipate that the findings of this study will provide would use a foundation for the selection of elite materials and the development of resource core-sets for Korean wheat breeding programs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal harvesting time, feed value and fermentation quality of barley and wheat for the making of chopped whole crop silage substitute for formula feed. As a result, the moisture content of barley and wheat decreased with a late harvest, and barley progressed faster than wheat. The plant height was similar with harvesting time, and the number of spikes decreased with prolonged period after heading. The dry matter yield and TDN yield of barley harvested at 35 and 40 days after heading were significantly higher than those at 30 days after heading and wheat was significantly higher at 40 and 45 days than at 35 day after heading(p<0.05). Crude protein content of barley and wheat were increased with later harvesting time, and crude fiber, crude fat and crude ash were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. NDF and ADF content of barley decreased with later harvesting time, and those showed similar level in wheat. TDN content of barely was slightly increased but there was no difference in wheat. Comparing the effects of fermentation on feed value of chopped whole crop silage, the approximate compositions were slightly increased after fermentation, but the difference was not significant. Fermentations resulted in increasing the pH value of barley silage with late harvesting time, but decreasing the lactic acid content(p<0.05). A pH value of wheat silage showed similar level in different harvest time, and lactic acid content was decreased. Considering the quantity and quality of fermentation, barley and wheat can be used for making chopped silage of whole crop silage when they were harvested at 35 days and 40~45 days after heading, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2009

These experiments were conducted to find the optimum mixing rate of used media for saving the production cost of Flammulina velutipes. The materials for media formation was used needle-leaf tree sawdust, media that finished 1th cultivation of F. velutipes, corncob meal, and rice bran, wheat bran as nutrition source. We inoculated the F. velutipes in 14 kinds of different media types and checked the spawn growth speed, fruit body quality and quantity. Two nutrition agents, which is rice bran and wheat bran, did not affected the incubation period, but the effective stem number, quality and quantity of fruit body was better at rice bran than wheat bran. The quality of fruit body produced at mixed 20% of used media (needle-leaf tree sawdust 60% + used media 20% + rice bran 20%) was similar to control plot (needle-leaf tree sawdust 80% + rice bran 20%), but the yield was improved 10% than control plot 130g. According as the used-media mixing amount increases, quality and quantity of fruit body became low remarkably. Therefore, the optimum mixing amount of used-media was 20% and it increased 10% of fruitbody yield.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 1991

Wheat flour was extruded by a single-screw extruder, and used for the ethanol production of takju. The molecular structure and enzymic susceptability of extruded starch were compared to those of steam cooked one. The gel permeation chromatographic pattern of wheat flour extrudates was not significantly different from those of raw and steam cooked starches. However, the conversion rate of extruded starch into maltose by ${\alpha}-amylase$ hydrolysis was significantly faster than those of raw ad steamed starch. The molecular weight of starch estimated from GPC pattern and the intrinsic viscosity were remarkably reduced by extrusion cooking followed by the enzymic hydrolysis for 30 min, while steam cooking and enzymic hydrolysis for 30 min did not change them significantly. Extrusion-cooked flour produced alcohol 26% higher than that of steamed flour in the laboratory takju fermentation, and 10% more alcohol in the pilot plant scale takju production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial replacement of wheat hay with sun-dried (SOC) or acid-treated SOC (ASOC) olive cake on nutrient intake and performance of Awassi lambs. An additional objective was to study the effects of acid treatment of olive cake (OC) on its chemical composition and nutritive value. On DM basis, sun-drying of OC did not dramatically affect its chemical composition. On the other hand, treating SOC with phosphoric acid decreased (p<0.05) SOC contents of neutral detergent fiber. Twenty seven male lambs ($17.6{\pm}0.75$ kg body weight) individually housed in shaded pens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (9 lambs/treatment). Dietary treatments were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous by replacing 50% of wheat hay in the control diet (CTL) with SOC or ASOC and to meet all nutrient requirements. Dietary treatments had no effects on nutrient intake or digestibility except for ether extract. Lambs fed the SOC diet had (p = 0.05) faster growth rate, greater final body weight, and greater total body weight gain in comparison with the CTL diet, but not different from the ASOC diet. Additionally, lambs fed the SOC diet had greater (p = 0.03) hot and cold carcass weights than the ASOC diet, but not different from the CTL diet. However, feed conversion ratios and dressing percentages were similar among dietary treatments. In conclusion, replacing half of dietary wheat hay with SOC improved performance of Awassi lambs with no detrimental effects on nutrients intake or digestibility. No further improvements in the nutritive value of SOC and lambs performance were detected when SOC was treated with acid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2004

Eight primiparous Holstein cows, in late lactation (255$\pm$10 days in milk) and yielding 10.3$\pm$1.3 kg/d of 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) were allocated into two groups randomly. Two diets containing 30% wheat straw either untreated (UWS) or treated with Pleurotus ostreatus (FTWS) were offered as total mixed ration (TMR). In vivo digestibility of the diets was determined, using acid insoluble ash as a marker. Daily milk production was recorded and milk samples were collected and analysed. Diet FTWS resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) (12.2$\pm$0.86 vs. 10.6$\pm$1.3), DM digestibility (58.8 vs. 52.3) and milk yield (9 vs. 7.5 kg). Milk fat contents were 34.2 and 35.6 g/liter that did not differ between cows fed treated or untreated straw. However, the concentrations of lactose, solid non fat, total solids and milk protein for diets UWS and FTWS were 57.3 and 54.9, 98.9 and 93.2, 134.5 and 127.4, 35.7 and 32.3 g/l, respectively, which differed significantly (p<0.05). The average body weights gain (BWG) for UWS and FTWS were 272 and 743 g/d, respectively (p<0.05). The FCM yield per kg of DMI was similar (0.68 and 0.67 liter) for the two groups, but BWG/kgDMI was higher in the FTWS diet.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 1979

In order to determine the effect of mixtures of different barley genotypes, four barley varieties that were similar to the variety Kangbori for earliness, culm length, spike type and spike color were tested. The variety Kangbori was mixed with the 4 other barleys in ratios ranging from 20% to 80% of Kangbori. Tests were conducted at Suweon and Iri. It was difficult to distinguish differences in heading date, maturing date and culm length in the various mixtures. In the mixed populations the degree of lodging was decreased due to the superior straw strength of Kangbori. The mixtures of 20% Kangbori and 80% Bunong and 20% Kangbori and 80% Milyang #6 gave the highest yield increase among the combinations.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.644-648
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• 1998

In the production of a low cost bacterial insecticide, it is important to produce a high spore concentration using low price substrates. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of the addition of mineral salts and glucose, and of dissolved oxygen concentration on the cell growth and spore formation of Bacillus thuringiensis var aizawai using a cheap wheat and soybean meal in the batch culture. The maximum viable cell number was 1.2${\times}$109 CFU/mL at 12 hr culture and spore yield was 54.2% at 74 hr culture using an industrial medium containing 20 g/L wheat meal and 30 g/L soybean meal under 1.0 vvm aeration and 200 rpm agitation. The cell growth and the spore formation were not enhanced by the addition of mineral salts in industrial medium, whereas th addition of 10g/L glucose decreased the cell growth and spore formation. We could obtain a maximum viable cell number of 2.2${\times}$109 CFU/mL and spore number of 1.9${\times}$109 CFU/mL at the dissolved oxygen concentration of 60% of saturation. The spore concentration was enhanced approximately by 2 times as compared to the dissolved oxygen concentration of 50%. In the bench-scale culture, the maximum viable cell and spore number were 2.5${\times}$109 CFU/mL, and 2.2${\times}$109 CFU/mL, respectively under 1.0 vvm aeration and 400 rpm agitation. The spore yield was 88% based on the maximum viable cell number. As a result, it was confirmed that the production of high spore concentration could be obtained by a bench-scale culture using an industrial medium.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.545-553
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• 1991

To find out the basic data for the possibility of agricultural utilization for GSA (Glutamine Synthetase Activity), the effect of nitrogen on the GSA in wheat leaf discs, the variation of GSA after light treatment and the comparative activity of GS during preservation were studied. The result of this study suggested that GSA could play an important and direct regulatory role in the nitrogen assimilation by wheat. During the growth stage of wheat its integral activity was found to closely match the organic nitrogen content. GS may therefore be the rate limiting enzyme in inorganic N assimilation. Moreover, integral GSA was closely correlated with grain yield and grain nitrogen. GSA could be suitable to utilize as a parameter for super type selection and an indicator for optimum nitrogen fertilization. Throughout the experiment, the contents of NO; were increased by N fertilization so that the NO; content was not attributable to change in the level of GSA. At investigation during dark-light transition of culture, no change in the level of GSA was observed until after 8-14 hours in the light treatment. And the level of GSA in wheat leaf discs during preservation at refrigerated storage $(-20^{\circ}C)$ was stable until 12 weeks, when its leaf discs were sampled with liquid nitrogen.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2003

To obtain the oil sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were extracted for 1, 3, or 6 hr by a shanking water bath(35$^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm), and by soxhlet extractor(80$^{\circ}C$) for 1, 3 or 6 hr, respectively. The highest yield of extracted oil was obtained from the walnut(63.07％ weight) and the whole wheat showed the lowest extraction yield of oil(1.13％ weight). Major fatty acids from the extracted oils were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid. The maximum contents of total phytosterol in sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were 0.44, 1.57, 2.25, and 2.03(％ weight), respectively. Besides, total tocopherol contents in sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were maxima 3.42, 0.16, 2.92, and 0.07(％ weight), respectively. From the extracted oils, structured lipids(SL) were synthesized by the interesterification reaction with conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in a shanking water bath at 55$^{\circ}C$. When the reactions(1:3 substrate molar ratio, extracted oil:CLA) were conducted for 24 hr, maxima 23.75 mol％ of CLA incorporation was obtained from walnut oil and, in other cases, 16.28 - 19.15 mol％ of CLA was found in the produced SL triacylglycerol molecules.