• Title/Summary/Keyword: wheat weed control

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Weed Occurrence and Control in Simultaneous Wheat Sowing Culture with Rice Harvest under No-tilled Paddy Field (무경운(無耕耘) 벼 수확동시(收穫同時) 밀 파종에서 잡초(雜草)발생과 방제)

  • Kim, Dae-Ho;Kim, Su-Kyeong;Kim, Eun-Seok;Son, Beom-Young;Kang, Dong-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.186-190
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    • 1998
  • To establish weed control method in no-tilled and rice straw-covered wheat sown coincidentally with rice harvest using combine-attached drill seeder, several herbicides and their combination were tested for 2 years. Similar number of panicle to hand-weeding plot was secured at sprayed plot with Buta EC + Glyphosate SL mixture just after seeding. Water-foxtail(Alopeculus aequalis) and broadleaf weeds were controlled effectively by Buta EC + Glyphosate SL mixture, showing the control efficacy of 92 percent. In the 1st cropping year, weed species occurred was simple and water-foxtail predominated nearly half. However, weed species was diversified and water-foxtail predominated 83.5 percent in the 2nd cropping year. Wheat yield of Buta EC + Glyphosate SL plot showed no difference with hand-weeding plot. Dry weight of water-foxtail showed closer linear relationship with wheat yield reduction than that of broadleaf weed.

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Weed control as affected by herbicide in winter cereal crops (맥류재배에서 제초제에 따른 잡초방제 효과)

  • Won, Ok Jae;Park, Kee Woong;Park, Su Hyuk;Eom, Min Yong;Kang, Kwang Sik
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide in winter cereal crops, barley and wheat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR was greater than that of butachlor EC. Linuron EC controlled average 95% and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR controlled average 97% within 150 days after soil-applied treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR. The yield of barley increased in linuron EC and wheat increased in pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR treatments when compared with butachlor EC. The efficacy of foliage treatment, bentazone+propanil ME was greater than that of bentazone SL. Bentazone+propanil ME controlled average 96% in barley and 97% in wheat, within 30 days after foliage treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of bentazone+propanil ME. The yield of barley and wheat increased in bentazone+propanil ME treatments when compared with bentazone SL. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides could be applied to provide effective weed management in barley and wheat field.

Weed Control Effect of Ioxynil, Bromoxynil and MCPA by Post-emergence Application on Barley (맥작(麥作)에 있어서 선택성(選擇性) 경엽처리형제초제의(莖葉處理型除草劑) 살초특성(殺草特性)과 보리수량(收量)에의 영향(影響))

  • Chang, Y.H.;Nam, Y.I.;Ha, Y.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.124-129
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    • 1986
  • Weeds emerging on winter wheat and barley field at early spring are troublesome, even with pre-emergence application of herbicides such as butachlor, tribunil, etc. Searching the proper post-applicating herbicides to control those weeds, three herbicides; ioxynil, bromoxynil and MCPA were evaluated with weeding efficacies in barley field. Tank mixture of bromoxynil and MCPA was the most excellent in weeding efficacy, especially in higher mixing rate at early April application to the broad-leaf weeds, among others.

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Weed Ecology and Effective Weed Control Technology in Direct-Seeded Rice (벼 직파재배(直播栽培)의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 생태(生態)와 효과적(效果的)인 방제법(防除法))

  • Kim, Soon-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.230-260
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    • 1992
  • The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

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Control of Water Foxtail in the Cultivating Barley and Wheat before Harvesting Rice (벼 수확 전 파종 사료맥류 재배 시 뚝새풀 방제효과)

  • Im, Il-Bin;Im, Bo-Hyeok;Park, Jea-Hyeon;Jang, Jun Hyeong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.362-367
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to develop an efficient control method for water foxtail in the field sowing barley and wheat seeds before rice harvesting. When thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was applied 0, 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting, little phytotoxicity was observed on both barley and wheat. Percent of water foxtail control with thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was more than 88% at three different application timing. When butachlor (5%) was applied 5 days before barley and wheat sowing, phytotoxicity on barley and wheat was severe. However, no phytotoxicity was observed on barley and wheat 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting. Percent of water foxtail control with butachlor 0 and 5 days after rice harvesting was 85-89%. However, it dropped to 74-80% when applied 10 days after rice harvesting. In the thifensulfuron-methyl treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 96-108% and 100-108%, respectively when compared with untreated control. While, in the butachlor treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 53-73% and 106%, respectively when compared with untreated control. Therefore, we recommend thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) 0-10 days after rice harvesting or butachlor (5%) 5 days after rice harvesting to provide efficient water foxtail control and safe barley and wheat production.

Current Status and Perspective of Weed Science in Asian Pacific Region (아시아·태평양 지역 잡초연구 동향 및 전망)

  • Lee, In-Yong;Lee, Jeongran;Kim, Do Soon;Park, Kee Woong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2014
  • This paper reviews current status of weed science in Asian-Pacific regional agricultural systems based on the 24th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. About 190 researchers from 16 countries including Korea participated in the Conference and presented 160 papers in 11 research areas. Major research topics were invasive weeds and their ecology, allelopathy, weed management in paddy field, weed management in field crops, and herbicide resistance. Because rice is a major food crop in Asian countries, weed control and herbicide resistance management in paddy field were a main object of research. Weed control in maize, soybean and wheat has also been studied continuously. To prevent the increase of problematic weeds and to overcome food crisis, the importance of weed-related researches has been raised. Therefore it is expected that various weed management systems and control of herbicide resistant weeds should be studied continuously in the future.

Effect of Seeding Methods to the Growing Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis in Wheat Field of Rice-wheat Cropping System (이모작 논 밀 재배시 파종방법이 뚝새풀의 생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sun;Ahn, Seung-Hyeon;Im, Il-Bin;Cheong, Young-Keun;Kim, Si-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.252-257
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    • 2010
  • The experiments were carried out to develop ecological weed control system in wheat field of rice-wheat cropping system. The results were, depression effect on water foxtail by wheat seeding method decreased the seeding after doing soil rotary by 85% compared with the no practices. The occurrence of Water foxtail was 40 piece $m^{-2}$ on October 16, 29 piece $m^{-2}$ on October 26, and 4 piece $m^{-2}$ when surveying based on the standard of seeding the wheat at 15kg $ha^{-1}$ which decreased as the seeding time got later. According to the wheat seeding quantity 29 piece $m^{-2}$ occurred at 150kg $ha^{-1}$, and 8-11 piece $m^{-2}$ decreasingly at more than 200 kg $ha^{-1}$ of wheat seedlings based on seeding on October 26. As a result of summarizing the above results, crushing the soil by use of rotary before seeding wheat against the end of October, and seeding by increasing the seedling quantity (200 kg $ha^{-1}$) it is judged that the competition damage by weeds including water foxtail can be reduced without any use of herbicide.

Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop (제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術))

  • Kim, Kil-Ung;Park, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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Screening and Utilization of Allelopathic Plants for the Cultural Practice Improvement in Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (인삼재배법(人蔘栽培法) 개선(改善)을 위한 알레로파시 식물(植物) 탐색(探索) 및 이용)

  • Yang, K.J.;Kim, K.H.;Chung, I.M.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.214-224
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to develop labor and chemical cultural practice improvement for weed control in ginseng field. Five crop species were screened in vitro and three crop extracts were sprayed in the test allelopathic effect for weed species. Methyl alcohol extracts of rice, oat, rye and wheat straw showed inhibitory effect on the germination of six weed species, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Arthraxon hispidus, Digitaria adscendens, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Setaria viridis. Especially, extract of oat straw was most effective to inhibit the germination of six weed species tested. Also, spraying the extract solution of rice, rye and wheat straw was effective to inhibit the growth of weeds in ginseng field. Ginseng root length, diameter, fresh and dry weight in extract spraying plot were higher than those of non-treatment plot.

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Economic Analysis, Growth and Pests of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Gelatin·Chitin Microorganisms-treated Organic Culture (젤라틴·키틴분해미생물을 이용한 밀 유기재배와 관행재배의 생육, 병해충 발생조사 및 경제성 분석)

  • Ahn, Philip;Lee, Jiho;Cha, Kwang-Hong;Seo, Dong-Jun;An, Kyu-Nam;Yoon, Chang-Yong;Kim, Kil-Yong;Jung, Woo-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.223-240
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    • 2021
  • This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic wheat production using gelatin·chitin microorganisms in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju city. The soil condition of experiment field was clay loam Jisan series. The organically cultivated fields were sprayed gelatin and chitin degrading bacteria. The test was performed at conventionally cultivated field and organically cultivated field. Emergence of weed on organically cultivated field was significantly higher than conventionally cultivated field which sprayed herbicide before seeding. Weed emergence have a critical impact on grain yield. Occurrence of diseases and insect pests were higher than conventionally cultivated fields. In 2019, the amount of lodging in conventionally cultivated field were higher than conventionally cultivated field. In 2020, lodging and wet injury were occur in both field. Comparing yield element between organically and conventionally cultivated experimental area, grain yield in organically cultivated field was shown slightly higher amount than conventionally cultivated field. However in the actual yield of 2019, organically cultivated field shows 20% deceased yield because of overgrown weed. In 2020, weed emergence and yellow mosaic virus by wet injury cause 30% decease in the grain yield in organically cultivated field. Content of protein, carbohydrates, ash, water and fat in the grain were not different significance. In 2019, net incomes of conventionally cultivated wheat was 461,031 won/0.1 ha while organically cultivated wheat was 443,437 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 83.0% as against organically cultivated field (73.3%). In 2020, net incomes of organically cultivated wheat was 437,812 won/0.1 ha while conventionally cultivated wheat was 418,281 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 81.6% as against organically cultivated field (73.0%).