• Title/Summary/Keyword: wheat resources

Search Result 241, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

Development of Nutritionally Defined and Compressed Foods (압착(壓搾).농축식품(濃縮食品)의 시제(試製))

  • Jo, Jae-Sun;Song, Suk-Hun;Lee, Sang-Kyu;Chung, Youn-Soo;Kwon, Tae-Wan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.141-147
    • /
    • 1975
  • Survial and emergency food packets were developed for use by people isolated in adverse circumstances. These products are made from cereals suchasrice, barley and wheat, and from nutritionally defined products, such as glucose, sodium caseinate, powdered milk, hydrogenated vegetable fat and so on. The caloric distribution of the survial packet was adjusted to 55% carbohydrate, 33% fat, and 12% protein for maximum body water retention. The raw materials were mixed thoroughly and then compressed into bars at 4,000 psi (survial) and at 7,000 psi (emergency). Compressed bars of the emergency packets were coated with edible coatings for protection from insects and microorganisms and prevention of cracking. These products are 4.0-4.4 Cal. per gram and 4.2-4.9 Cal. per cubic centimeter. The texture of the bars makes them convenient to carry and eat.

  • PDF

Studies on the Artificial Cultivation of Morchella esculenta in Ascomycetes (자낭균 곰보(Morchella esculenta)버섯의 인공재배에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Han-Kyoung;Lee, Kang-Hyo;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Jhune, Chang-Sung;Seok, Sun-Ja;Jang, Kab-Yeul
    • Journal of Mushroom
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.9-21
    • /
    • 2009
  • This study was executed in an attempt to investigate a artificial requisites of fruitbody occurrence. Environmental requirements on habitat for fruitbody occurrence of collected cultures resulted in leading to $13-16^{\circ}C$ and 75% relative humidity, and requiring silt loam of soil texture which had more nutritional substances than a dry field. Optimal temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, medium PDB, and pH 5.0 in cultural conditions. Mannose required of 5% in ASI 59002, 59003, 59004, but 3% in ASI 59001 was selected as optimum carbon source. The substrates stimulating sclerotium formation were cotton waste, or cotton waste + oak sawdust (mixture ratio of 8:2), which had 20% additive of wheat barn respectively. Sclerotium was formed well in the substrate adjusted chemical properties by applying 2% of calcium sulfate. Sclerotium formation was the most effective in the treatment of peat moss + oak sawdust (mixture ratio of 5:5) + 30% of wheat barn.

  • PDF

Polyamine Alleviates Inhibition of O2 Evolution by Cd for Spinich (시금치에서 Polyamine에 의한 카드늄의 산소방출억제 경감효과)

  • Kim, Tae Wan;Lee, Ju-Young;Lee, Yong-Se;Hwang, Seon-Woong;Yoon, Young-Sang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.247-252
    • /
    • 2000
  • Polyamine concentrations were clearly enhanced in leaves and chloroplasts by Cd treatment, but not in thylakoid and PSII. It appeared that newly synthesized polyamines by Cd are distributed in stromal space. The accumulated polyamines in stromal space could not be adjacent to thylakoid membranes, suggesting that they are already saturated. The levels of putrescine and spermine were about 36 and 20 fold lower in chloroplast than in whole leaf cells respectively, whereas agmatine level was only 3.7 fold lower. The inhibitory effect of Cd nn $O_2$ evolving process was obviously alleviated by 0.2mM spermine supplement. Polyamines stimulated $O_2$ evolution within the range of 0.5mM in spinach thylakoids. It was also found that stimulating effect of polyamines is about 2 fold higher in dicothyledonous spinach than in monocotyledonous wheat at same concentrations. Furthermore, the enhanced activity of $O_2$ evolution was lowered rather by agmatine treatment than by putrescine treatment in wheat, suggesting a difference between monocot and dicot.

  • PDF

Effect of Wheat Flour Brew with Bifidobacterium bifidum on Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Dough (Bifidobacterium bifidum을 이용한 밀가루 brew가 반죽의 이화학적 성질에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Nam-Ji;Lee, Si-Kyung;Kim, Sung-Kon;Joo, Hyun-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.30 no.4
    • /
    • pp.832-841
    • /
    • 1998
  • In order to economically utilize flour brew with Bifidobacterium bifidum as a bread improver, the effect of flour brew on the rheological properties of dough, growth curve and acid production, and symbiosis with yeast were investigated. Growth of bifidobacteria was not increased more than initial seed volume but was consistent during 24 hours of incubation. pH was decreased and T.T.A was increased up to 12 hours of incubation. Symbiosis between bifidobacteria and yeast was little. Bifidobacteria produced more lactic acid than acetic acid in flour brew and the opposite in skim milk broth. This result was inferred from Lactobacillus sp. inherent in flour. On rheological properties of dough, farinograms of flour showed progressively decreasing baking absorption, mixing time and stability as the amount of flour brew increased. The validation of extensograms showed that R/E ratio linearly increased with increment of flour brew, and nearly doubled in all treatments comparing to that of control, which suggest the reduction of actual fermentation time. On visco/amylograms, malt index increased with addition of flour brew, accordingly showing the decrease in viscosity. Break down and set back value decreased with increment of flour brew, suggesting that staling rate of bread can be delayed.

  • PDF

Growth, Feed Efficiency, Behaviour, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Goats Fed Fermented Bagasse Feed

  • Ramli, M.N.;Higashi, M.;Imura, Y.;Takayama, K.;Nakanishi, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.18 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1594-1599
    • /
    • 2005
  • The effects of long-term feeding of diets based on bermudagrass hay supplemented with lucerne hay cube (LH) or fermented bagasse feed (FBF) on the growth rate, feed efficiency, behaviour, gut development, carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats were investigated. Six spring-born 8-month-old male crossbred (Japanese Saanen${\times}$Tokara native goats) bucks weighing mean 21.6 kg were allotted to 2 treatment groups (3 animals each) and each animal had ad libitum access to feeds, i.e. bermudagrass hay (basal diet)+LH or FBF throughout the experiment. The FBF was produced by the solid-state fermentation of substrates containing dried sugarcane bagasse mixed with wheat bran in a ratio of 1:3 (w/w DM) with Aspergillus sojae. The live body weight, final weight and average daily gain were not different between treatments. Average basal diet intake of goats fed FBF diet was significantly higher than that fed LH diet (p<0.05), but average dry matter intake (DMI; g/day and g/$W^{0.75}$), feed conversion ratio, digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake of experimental diets were not significantly different between treatments. Goats fed on LH and FBF diets had similar eating, rumination, resting and drinking behaviours, and blood constituents except for phosphorus content. Slaughter and carcass weights, net meat percentage [(total meat/carcass weight)${\times}$100], loin ratio [(loin/total meat)${\times}$100] and rib-eye area were not different between treatments. However, goats fed FBF diet had lower dressing percentage and higher bone/muscle ratio compared with goats fed LH diet (p<0.01). Empty gut and guts fill of goats fed FBF diet were significantly greater (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) than those fed LH diet. The weights of rumen and abomasum were also significantly heavier in goats fed FBF diet (p<0.05), but the length and density of papillae of rumen in goats were not different between treatments. Although meat composition of loin was not different in both groups, the meat of goats fed FBF diet was superior to that of LH diet in flavor, aroma and overall quality of loin (p<0.01). In conclusion, the nature of the diet consumed voluntarily did not affect subsequent growth, nutrient intake and behaviour of goats but had an influence on carcass traits and sensory evaluation of meat partly, when either of LH or FBF was fed with bermudagrass hay.

Studies on the mutant introduction and new practical artificial cultivation of Lyophyllum decastes (잿빛만가닥버섯의 변이체 유도와 실용적 인공재배에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Dae-Jin;Lee, Won-Jung;Kuen, Mi-Sung;Jang, Ju-Won;Lee, Won-Jae;Her, Jeong-Ran;Choi, Chang-Hyun;Hwang, Cheol-Ho;Lee, Byung-Eui
    • Journal of Mushroom
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.63-68
    • /
    • 2011
  • Artificial cultivation of Lyopyllun decastes is costly because the high expense is required for soil covering and bark. Therefore, most farmers of Lyopyllun decastes have recognized it is difficult to cultivate it. The purpose of this study is to reduce the cost of cultivation of Lyopyllun decastes by applying new cultivation method and introducing mutation of fungi. In this study, a new method of practical artificial cultivation was developed through many experiments using fermented pine sawdust and wheat bran. In conclusion, the method of practical artificial cultivation of Lyopyllun decaste is simple and cost efficient because neither soil covering nor bark is required.

Effects of Sowing Mixed Legume Forage and Applying Cattle Manure on the Productivity and Organic Hanwoo Feeding Capacity of Whole Crop Wheat (콩과 사료작물의 혼파와 우분의 시용이 총체 밀의 생산성과 유기한우 사육능력에 미치는 영향)

  • Jo, Ik-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.359-372
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study was to assess the effects of sowing mixed legume forage and applying fermented cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat (WCW) as a representative of winter crops and also to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application levels of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCW compared to WCW alone sowing, but there were no differences between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 100~150 kg N/ha. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCW alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicated that mixed-sowing of WCW and legume forage not only reduced nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

Estimation of the Virtual Water Consumption for Food Consumption and Calorie Supply (식품 소비 및 칼로리 공급 변화에 따른 가상수 소비량의 변화 분석)

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun;Choi, Jin-Yong;Yoo, Seung-Hwan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.57 no.3
    • /
    • pp.77-86
    • /
    • 2015
  • The agricultural water management generally has focused on water resources for crop production but it could be affected by the food consumption pattern. The aim of this study is to estimate virtual water consumption for food consumption and calorie supply using the water footprint and virtual water concept. In addition, we estimated the virtual water requirements for increasing the food and calorie self-sufficiency adjusted by the government for food security. About $330.0m^3/cap/yr$ of virtual water was consumed for the main foods consumption in 1985, and it was increased to $450.0m^3/cap/yr$ in 2010. The rate of virtual water consumption by meats consumption was 28 % in 1985 but it was increased to 54 % in 2010. In other words, the total virtual water consumption by foods consumption was increased from 1985 to 2010 with the high rate of meats consumption. The average $1.29m^3$ of virtual water was consumed for supplying 1 calorie per capita in 2010 but about $10.1m^3/cal$ of virtual water was consumed by only bovine meats consumption. The food self-sufficiency is the main factor for food security in Korea. About $46.5Mm^3$ and $393.9Mm^3$ of virtual water were required in order to increase the food and calorie self-sufficiency of wheat by 1 % individually. This study showed the water consumption was related to food consumption and calorie supply pattern, and these results could be used as the indices for the agricultural water management considering the change of eating habit and food security.

In vivo Antifungal Activity Against Various Plant Pathogenic Fungi of Curcuminoids Isolated from the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa

  • Cho, Jun-Young;Choi, Gyung-Ja;Lee, Seon-Woo;Lim, He-Kyoung;Jang, Kyung-Soo;Lim, Chi-Hwan;Cho, Kwang-Yun;Kim, Jin-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.94-96
    • /
    • 2006
  • In a search for plant extracts with potent in vivo antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, the methanol extract of the Curcuma longa rhizomes effectively controlled the development of rice blast catised by Magnaporthe grisea and tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. Three curcuminoids such as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were purified from the methanol extract of C. longa rhizomes as antifungal principles. Among the three curcuminoids, demethoxycurcumin was the most active to both rice blast and tomato late blight, followed in order by curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. However, they all exhibited no or little in vivo antifungal activity against other fungal pathogens causing rice sheath blight (Corticium sasaki), tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita), or barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordel).

Analysis of Irrigation Water Amount Variability based on Crops and Soil Physical Properties Using the IWMM Model (IWMM 모형을 이용한 작물과 토양의 물리적 특성에 따른 관개용수량 변동 특성 분석)

  • Shin, Yongchu
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.59 no.2
    • /
    • pp.37-47
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, we analyzed the variability of irrigation water amounts based on the combination of various crops and soil textures using the Irrigation Water Management Model (IWMM). IWMM evaluates the degree of agricultural drought using the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI). When crops are damaged by the water scarcity under the drought condition indicating that the SMDI values are in negative (SMDI<0), IWMM irrigates appropriate water amounts that can shift the negative SMDI values to "0" to crop fields. To test the IWMM model, we selected the Bandong-ri (BDR) and Jucheon (JC) sites in Gangwon-do and Jeollabuk-do provinces. We derived the soil hydraulic properties using the near-surface data assimilation scheme form the Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR)-based soil moisture measurements. The daily root zone soil moisture dynamics (R: 0.792/0.588 and RMSE: 0.013/0.018 for BDR/JC) estimated by the derived soil parameters were matched well with the TDR-based measurements for validation. During the long-term (2001~2015) period, IWMM irrigated the minimum water amounts to crop fields, while there were no irrigation events during the rainy days. Also, Sandy Loam (SL) and Silt (Si) soils require more irrigation water amounts than others, while the irrigation water were higher in the order of radish, wheat, soybean, and potato, respectively. Thus, the IWMM model can provide efficient irrigation water amounts to crop fields and be useful for regions at where limited water resources are available.