• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2019

Sustaining future wheat production is challenged by anthropogenically forced climate warming and drying led by increased concentration of greenhouse gases all around the globe. Warming stresses, originating from the elevated $CO_2$ concentration, are continuously reported to have negative impacts on wheat growth and yield. Yet, elevated $CO_2$ concentration, despite being disparagingly blamed for promoting warming, is also associated with a phenomenon called $CO_2$ enrichment; in which wheat yield can improve due to the enhanced photosynthesis rates and less water loss through transpiration. The conflicting nature of climate warming and $CO_2$ enrichment and their interplay can have specific implications under different environments. It is established form the field and simulation studies that the two contrasting phenomena would act severely in their own respect under arid and semi-arid environments. Wheat is a dietary staple for masses in Pakistan. The country's wheat production system is under constant stress to produce more from irrigated agricultural lands, primarily lying under arid to semi-arid environments, to meet the rapidly growing domestic needs. This work comprehensively examines the warming impacts over wheat yield and water productivity (WP), with and without the inclusion of $CO_2$ enrichment, under semi-arid environment of Punjab which is the largest agricultural province of Pakistan. Future wheat yields and WPs were simulated by FAO developed AquaCrop model v 5.0. The model was run using the bias-correction climate change projections up to 2080 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios: 4.5 and 8.5. Wheat yield and WPs decreased without considering the $CO_2$ enrichment effects owing to the elevated irrigation demands and accelerated evapotranspiration rates. The results suggested that $CO_2$ enrichment could help maintain the current yield and WPs levels during the 2030s (2021-2050); however, it might not withhold the negative climate warming impacts during the 2060s (2051-2080). Furthermore, 10 - 20 day backward shift in sowing dates could also help ease the constraints imposed by climate warming over wheat yields and WPs. Although, $CO_2$ enrichment showed promises to counteract the adverse climate warming impacts but the interactions between climate warming and $CO_2$ concentrations were quite uncertain and required further examination.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2017

Tan spot caused by the fungus Pyrenophora triticir-repentis is a serious disease of wheat, which is on increase in recent years in Mediterranean region. In the field this fungus produces a diamond-shaped necrotic lesions with a yellow halo on wheat foliage. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare several monospore isolates of P. tritici-repentis collected from different infected wheat fields in various locations of Algeria, and find the morphological differences between them, if any. The results revealed wide morphologically variation among the isolates based on colony colors and texture, mycelial radial growth and conidial size.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.548-558
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• 1990

Physiology and genetics of early maturity in cereals are the subject of practical as well as scientific interest for agronomist and plant breeders, Thorough understanding of the true nature of such a complex character requires physiological and genetical knowledge about the internal factors, which are closely bound up with and react to some particular external or environmental factors. From the practical point of view. experiments should be conducted under controlled conditions. especially the day length and temperature, so that the genotypic differences pertaining to these factors may be discerned. Takahashi and Yasuda (1958, 1970) maintained that at least three physiological factors were responsible for determining earliness in barley. namely. (1) spring and winter habit of growth or vernalization requirement, (2) ogitioeruiduc response or sensitivity to short-day, and (3) earliness factor in a narrow sense or minimal vegetative growth. The same situations were true in common wheat also (Yasuda and Shimoyama, 1965), In this report. physiology and genetics of internal factors and their relations to the time of heading in the field will be presented with some problems concerning differences in mechanism of early maturity between barley and wheat.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 1986

본 실험은 과맥에서 문제가 되고 있는 낮은 출현율의 원인을 구명하기 위하여 피주성 isogenic line을 육성 공시하여 발아 및 출현에 저해요인이 될 수 있는 수확기의 강우, 탈곡기회전수, 파종심도, 온도등을 달리하여 비교 검토한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수확 전일 강우시는 피성에 비하여 과성의 발아율이 4∼6 % 낮았으며, 5 일 인공강수처리에서는 과성의 발아율은 현저히 저하되었다. 2. 탈곡기회전수가 600rpm에서 1,000rpm 으로 상승할 때 피성의 발아율이 100 %에서 90%로 저하된 반면, 과성은 98%에서 76%로 발아율이 크게 저하되었다. 3. 과성에서 발아율보다 출현율이 피성에 비하여 큰 차이가 있었으며 파종심도가 깊을수록 그 차이가 컸다. 4. 파종심도, 고탈곡회전수, 수확시의 강우 순으로 피성보다 과성의 출현율을 크게 저하시켰다. 따라서 과맥을 육종할 때 출현율 및 유묘활력 향상을 위한 육종적 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 1996

To find out the optimum mixing level of wheat bran to improve the quality of 1st cut Alfalfa silage, this trial was canied out at two-year's Alfalfa monoculture field of the National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon, Korea, from May 1955 to Oct. 1995. The results are as follows. I. According to the increase of wheat bran mixing level, DM content was high from 23.19%(nil) to 35.70%(40% mixing), pH of silage were low from 5.51(nil) to 4.45(40% mixing). but there were not significant at 20% mixing or more(P>0.05). 2. Also it was appeared to the same trend at Lactic acid content and in the Flieg's score of silage it was highest as 59 in the 20% mixing level. 3. In chemical component of silages there were not significant at 20% mixing or more in crude protein, crude fiber and ashes content, 30% mixing or more in ether extract and 10% or less in NFE content(P>0.05). 4. TDN, NEL and StE contents were low as adding level was increased. respectively, but there were not significant(P>O.OS). As mentioned above the results, desirable mixing level of wheat bran to lstcut Alfalfa to improve the quality of silage was 20% of fresh weight.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 1984

맥류의 생육과 Ethylene 대사와의 관계를 측정한 몇가지 결과를 소개하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리 엽의 Ethylene 생성량은 하위엽이 상위엽보다 많고 답압을 한 것이 하지 않은 것보다 많았다. 2. 엽신절단후 시간이 경과함에 따라 Ethylene 생성량은 증가하였는데 pot에서 보다 포장에서 재배한 것이 많았고 절엽후 Incubation의 온도가 높을수록 많았으며 주간이 야간보다 많은 경향이었다. 3. 밀의 Ethylene 생성량은 초형이 직립형인 품종 보다 포복형인 품종일수록 많고 엽록색 함량이 적은 품종보다 많은 품종일수록 증가하였다. 4. 맥류엽의 Ethylene 생성량은 복합비료보다 퇴비를 시용한 것이 많았고 담수를 한 것은 하지 않은 것보다 저하하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1127-1142
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• 2011

The aim of this investigation was to select effective Pseudomonas sp. strains that can enhance the productivity of soybean-wheat cropping systems in Vertisols of Central India. Out of 13 strains of Pseudomonas species tested in vitro, only five strains displayed plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. All the strains significantly increased soil enzyme activities, except acid phosphatase, total system productivity, and nutrient uptake in field evaluation; soil nutrient status was not significantly influenced. Available data indicated that six strains were better than the others. Principal component analysis (PCA) coupled cluster analysis of yield and nutrient data separated these strains into five distinct clusters with only two effective strains, GRP3 and HHRE81 in cluster IV. In spite of single cluster formation by strains GRP3 and HHRE81, they were diverse owing to greater intracluster distance (4.42) between each other. These results suggest that the GRP3 and HHRE81 strains may be used to increase the productivity efficiency of soybean-wheat cropping systems in Vertisols of Central India. Moreover, the PCA coupled cluster analysis tool may help in the selection of other such strains.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1999

No-till direct-sown rice-wheat relaying cropping system has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating tillage and preparation of seed bed and transplanting. In this system, rice sowing was done simultaneously wheat harvesting. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of no-till years on soil microbial changes and soil physico-chemical characteristics with rice growth and development. Chemical fertilizers and agricultrual chemicals was not applied in no-till system. As the year in no-till direct-sown system the air permeability was increased and after water submerging soluble nitrogen was released Aerobic microbial-n was highest in May and then decreased after water irrigation. The population of aerobic soil microorganisms were steeply decreased after water submerging Soil microorganisms was decreased with the increased the soil depth. A month was needed for the seedling establishment in a no-tillage rice-wheat cropping system. Increased cropping years improved leaf greenness and leaf area index(LAI). But stomatal conductance(Gc) was higher in conventional cultivation system than no-till system. Stomatal conductance at panicle initiation stage was increased higher in conventional condition of leaves but the difference between conventional and no-till system was increased at heading stage. In no-till 4 years condition rice grain yield was spikelet numbers per panicle.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

비닐피복을 이용, 보리, 밀 품종의 봄철 저온장해의 대규모 유도와 품종간 차이로 선발 가능성을 구명하고자 포장의 비닐 피복을 이용한 저온처리시험을 실시하였다. 저온에 대해 보리, 밀 모두 가장 민감한 생육시기는 수잉기였고 영화 분화기 > 화기발육기 순이었다. 같은 생육정도라도 맥종간 장해정도에 차이를 보였는데 보리, 밀 각각 고사이삭비율 28%, 59%, 고사개체비율 10%, 44%, 퇴화이삭비율 18%, 44%였다. 저온장해 저항성 품종은 없었으나 품종간 장해 정도는 차이를 보여 보리에서는 찰보리가, 밀에서는 그루밀, 조광밀 등이 안정적인 수량을 보였다. 저온스트레스는 수량구성요소중 주로 수수와 일수립수에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 보리품종중 수원 259호와 강보리 수량이 수수와 밀접한 상관을 보였으나 일수립수와는 상관이 없었다. 밀은 대부분의 품종들이 세 시기 모두 수수와 밀접한 상관을 보였고 생육이 진전된 시기에는 일수립수와도 상관을 보였다. 저온장해에 대한 유전자형을 구분하기 위해 포장에서 비닐피복이라는 간단한 처리에 의해 저온저항성 품종이나 계통의 선발이 가능할 것으로 생각되나 시험기간의 $2{\sim}4$월의 저온내습일수와 온도하강 정도에 변이가 있어 최소 2년 정도의 검정기간이 필요하다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2013

본 시험은 벼 수확 전에 사료맥류를 파종 재배할 경우 뚝새풀을 방제하고자 수행되었다. Thifensulfuron-methyl(75%) 입상수화제를 벼 수확 직후, 수확 후 5일, 수확 후 10일에 처리한 결과, 보리와 밀 모두 약해는 거의 없었으며, 뚝새풀의 방제 효과는 각 처리 시기 모두 88% 이상이었다. Butachlor (5%) 입제를 맥류 파종 전 5일, 벼 수확 직후, 수확 후 5일, 수확 후 10일에 처리한 결과, 파종 전 처리는 보리, 밀 모두 약해가 심했으나, 수확 후 5일 및 10일 처리에서 약해가 없었다. 뚝새풀의 방제효과는 벼 수확 직후 및 5일 후 처리까지는 보리, 밀 모두 85-89%, 10일 후 처리는 74-80% 이었다. Thifensulfuron-methyl의 처리에서 건물수량은 무처리에 비하여 보리는 96-108%, 밀은 100-108% 높았다. Butachlor의 수확직후 및 5일처리에서 건물수량은 무처리에 비하여 보리는 53-73% 이었으나, 밀은 106% 이상이었다. 따라서 벼 입모중 사료용 보리 및 밀 재배 시 잡초방제는 벼 수확 및 복토 직후, 5-10일에 thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) 입상수화제 처리 또는 벼 수확 및 복토 후 5일 butachlor (5%) 입제의 처리로 효과적인 뚝새풀의 방제로 안전하게 조사료를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.