• 제목/요약/키워드: wheat field

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남부지역 논의 밀 이모작에서 하계 곡실작물 도입의 적합성 (Compatibility of Double Cropping of Winter Wheat - Summer Grain Crops in Paddy Field of Southern Korea)

  • 서종호;황정동;오성환
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제66권1호
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    • pp.18-28
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    • 2021
  • 남부지역 논에서 식량작물을 최대로 생산하기 위해 밀양시 국립식량과학원 시험포장에서 2015~2018년의 4년 동안 겨울밀-벼, 겨울밀-콩 및 겨울밀-곡실용옥수수의 이모작 체계의 생육기간 및 생산성을 비교하였다. 밀의 수확적기는 6월 중순으로 하작물은 6월 하순에 파종(이앙)이 가능하였다. 벼의 6월 하순 이앙 시 안전출수와 벼의 수량성 확보에는 지장이 없었지만 가을에 성숙기가 늦어 뒷그루 밀 파종에는 지장이 많았으며, 특히 중만생종 벼의 경우 수확기가 11월 상순으로 늦추어져 밀의 적기파종이 어려웠다. 콩은 6월 하순이 파종적기이므로 작기상 큰 문제가 없었으며 성숙기도 10월 중순으로 11월 상순의밀 파종에 큰 무리가 없었다. 곡실용옥수수는 6월 하순 파종 시 성숙기가 가장 빨라 밀과의 이모작에서 작기상 가장 유리하였다. 겨울밀-하작물 이모작에서 밀은 콩과 곡실용옥수수 후작에서는 안정적인 수량성을 얻을 수 있었지만 벼의 후작에서는 강우가 많은 해에는 수량이 감소할 위험성이 있었다. 벼, 콩, 곡실용옥수수의 수량성은 각각 600, 350, 800 kg/10a로 높은 수량성 확보가 가능하였고 중생종과 중만생종간의 수량성에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 중생종이 만생종보다 이모작에 유리하였다. 토양 물리성에서도 콩과 옥수수 등 밭작물의 도입 시 물리성이 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 남부지역 논에서 밀-콩/곡실용옥수수 이모작은 작기 연결성 및 토양개선, 소득성(콩)에서 밀-벼 이모작보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

Crop Residues Management for Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Saline-Sodic Soil

  • Ahmed, Khalil;Qadir, Ghulam;Jami, Abdul-Rehman;Rafa, Hafeezullah;Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer;Han, Kyung-Hwa;Ibrahim, Muhammad
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.269-274
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    • 2014
  • Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long term effect of gypsum and crop residue on crop yield and soil health in rice-wheat crop rotation system in salt affected soil. A saline-sodic field having $EC_e$ (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) 4.77 ($dSm^{-1}$); pH ($H_2O$) 8.96; SAR 43.78 ($mmol\;L^{-1}$) and gypsum requirement (G.R.) 2.86 (Mg $acre^{-1}$) was selected on Soil Salinity Research Institute Farm. Five treatments consisting of ($T_1$) control, ($T_2$) gypsum at 100% G.R., ($T_3$) gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, ($T_4$) gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, ($T_5$) gypsum at 25% G.R.+ rice and wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were replicated four times under completely randomized block design. The data indicated that grain and straw yield of rice and wheat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by all the amendments used either single or in combination. $T_2$ (gypsum at 100% G.R.) significantly (P<0.05) increased grain and straw yield of rice and wheat crops followed by $T_3$ (gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$) when compared with control. Soil properties were also improved by used amendments, pronounced decreased in $EC_e$, $pH_s$ and SAR were recorded in $T_2$ followed by $T_3$. The efficiency of the treatments could be arranged in following order gypsum at 100% G.R.> gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice and wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > control.

First Report of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Korea and in vitro Selection of an Effective Fungicide

  • Min-Hye Jeong;Eu Ddeum Choi;Seol-Hwa Jang;Sang-Min Kim;Sook-Young Park
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.277-286
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    • 2023
  • Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a major foliar disease in wheat worldwide. In April 2021, tan spot symptoms were observed in a commercial wheat field in Suncheon, Jeonnam Province, Korea, with over 5% of the wheat leaves exhibiting symptoms. These symptoms included oval-shaped tan necrosis surrounded by a bright halo. The three representative isolates exhibited irregular mycelial growth on V8-potato dextrose agar and produced pseudothecia. Based on the concatenated sequence datasets of four multi-genes, including the internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal RNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit genes, phylogenetic analysis revealed that these three isolates clustered in the same clade as P. tritici-repentis. Results of pathogenicity test indicated that the initial symptoms appeared 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), with typical tan spot symptoms developing at 7 dpi. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from the symptomatic tissues, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Furthermore, we selected three fungicides that effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of P. tritici-repentis by more than 90% in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of tan spot disease in wheat in Korea.

전국(全國) 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)의 잡초발생분포(雜草發生分布) 조사(調査) (Distribution of Weed Population in the Winter Wheat and Barley Field in Korea)

  • 하용웅;남윤일;박무언;조장환
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.120-128
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    • 1983
  • 전국(全國) 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)의 전답(田畓) 및 각(各) 재배조건(載培條件)에 따른 잡초(雜草)의 발생(發生) 및 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)코자 1982 년(年) 월동전(越冬前) 12월(月)과 '83 월동후(越冬後) 3~4월(月)에 60 개군(個郡) 1,800 개(個) 지점(地點)을 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)에 발생(發生)하는 주요(主要) 잡초(雜草)는 화본과(禾本科) 2종(種), 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 35종(種)이었으며, 이 중(中) 전작(田作)에 발생(發生)하는 것이 36종(種), 답리작(畓裏作)에 발생(發生)하는 것이 29종(種)이었다. 2. 생활형(生活型)으로 보면 월년생(越年生) 잡초(雜草)가 42~45%로 가장 많이 발생(發生)하였고 다음이 다년생(多年生), 일년생(一年生)의 순위(順位)였다. 3. 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)의 최우점(最優點) 잡초(雜草)는 전작(田作)에서 벌꽃과 독새풀이었고, 답리작(畓裏作)에서는 독새풀과 벼륙나물이었다. 4. 지역별(地域別) 잡초분포(雜草分布)는 어느 지역(地域)이나 월년생(越年生) 잡초(雜草)가 가장 많았는데 전작(田作)이 답리작(畓裏作)보다 또 남(南)쭉으로 갈수록 초종수(草種數) 많았다. 5. 재배(栽培) 양식별(樣式別) 잡초(雜草) 발생량(發生量)을 보면 관행파(慣行播)>광파(廣播)>휴립광산파(畦立廣散播)>협폭파(狹幅播)의 순서(順序)였고, 휴폭(畦幅)이 넓은 것이 잡초발생(雜草發生)이 많았다. 6. 무경운재배(無耕耘栽培)는 경운재배(耕耘栽培)보다 잡초발생수(雜草發生數)가 많았는데 월동전(越冬前)에는 일년생(一年生) 잡초(雜草)가 월동후(越冬後)에는 월년생(越年生) 잡초(雜草)가 많이 발생(發生)하였다. 7. 토양(土壤) 유형별(類型別)로 보면 전작(田作)에서는 사양토(砂壤土)와 양토(壤土)가, 답리작(畓裏作)에서는 보통답(普通畓)이 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 가장 많았다.

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맥작(麥作)에 있어서 선택성(選擇性) 경엽처리형제초제의(莖葉處理型除草劑) 살초특성(殺草特性)과 보리수량(收量)에의 영향(影響) (Weed Control Effect of Ioxynil, Bromoxynil and MCPA by Post-emergence Application on Barley)

  • 장영희;남윤일;하용웅
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.124-129
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    • 1986
  • 보리밭의 잡초방제(雜草防除)를 위하여 몇 가지 겨엽처리형제초제(莖葉處理型除草劑)를 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 보면 1. 공시약제중(供試藥劑中) 살초력(殺草力)은 Bromoxynil + MCPA와 Bromoxynil이 Ioxynil 보다는 효과적(效果的)이었다. 2. 이들 약제(藥劑)들의 시용량(제품)(施用量(製品))은 100g/10a 보다는 200g/10a 시용량(試用量)에서 살초효과(殺草效果)가 높았다. 3. 약제(藥劑)의 살포시기(撒布時期)는 이들 3엽제(葉劑) 모두 3월(月)보다는 4월(月) 초순(初旬)에 살포(撒布)되는 하잡초(夏雜草)도 방제(防除)할 수 있었기 때문이었다. 4. 보리 파종직후(播種直後) 토양처리제(土壤處理劑)로서 Butachlor를 처리(處理)하고 4월(月) 초(草)에 경엽처리제(莖葉處理劑)로서 Bromoxynil 이나 Bromonynil + MCPA를 처리(處理)한 구(區)에는 거의 완전방제(完全防除)가 가능(可能)하였다. 5. Bromoxynil+MCPA 약제(藥劑)로 30여(餘) 초종(草種)들의 살초력(殺草力)을 본 결과(結果) 주(主)로 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)에 효과(效果)가 있어 답이작(畓裏作)보다는 전작맥류포(田作麥類圃)에 발생(發生)되는 잡초(雜草)를 대상(對象)으로 방제(防除)하는 것이 좋을 것으로 본다. 6. 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)(잡초건물중(雜草乾物重))과 보리 수량(收量)과의 회귀식(回歸式)은 y=593.112-0.41x(r=$-0.918^{**}$)로서 고도(高度)의 역상관(逆相關)을 보였다.

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In Vitro Wheat Immature Spike Culture Screening Identified Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat Spike Cultured Derived Variants and in the Progeny of Their Crosses with an Elite Cultivar

  • Huang, Chen;Gangola, Manu P.;Kutcher, H. Randy;Hucl, Pierre;Ganeshan, Seedhabadee;Chibbar, Ravindra N.
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.558-569
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    • 2020
  • Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The lack of genetic resources with stable FHB resistance combined with a reliable and rapid screening method to evaluate FHB resistance is a major limitation to the development of FHB resistant wheat germplasm. The present study utilized an immature wheat spike culture method to screen wheat spike culture derived variants (SCDV) for FHB resistance. Mycotoxin concentrations determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with FHB severity and disease progression during in vitro spike culture. Selected SCDV lines assessed for FHB resistance in a Fusarium field disease nursery in Carman, Manitoba, Canada in 2016 showed significant (P < 0.01) correlation of disease severity to the in vitro spike culture screening method. Selected resistant SCDV lines were also crossed with an elite cv. CDC Hughes and the progeny of F2 and BC1F2 were screened by high resolution melt curve (HRM) analyses for the wheat UDP-glucosyl transferase gene (TaUGT-3B) single nucleotide polymorphism to identify resistant (T-allele) and susceptible (G-allele) markers. The progeny from the crosses were also screened for FHB severity using the immature spike culture method and identified resistant progeny grouped according to the HRM genotyping data. The results demonstrate a reliable approach using the immature spike culture to screen for FHB resistance in progeny of crosses in early stage of breeding programs.

맥류재배에서 제초제에 따른 잡초방제 효과 (Weed control as affected by herbicide in winter cereal crops)

  • 원옥재;박기웅;박수혁;엄민용;강광식
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide in winter cereal crops, barley and wheat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR was greater than that of butachlor EC. Linuron EC controlled average 95% and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR controlled average 97% within 150 days after soil-applied treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR. The yield of barley increased in linuron EC and wheat increased in pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR treatments when compared with butachlor EC. The efficacy of foliage treatment, bentazone+propanil ME was greater than that of bentazone SL. Bentazone+propanil ME controlled average 96% in barley and 97% in wheat, within 30 days after foliage treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of bentazone+propanil ME. The yield of barley and wheat increased in bentazone+propanil ME treatments when compared with bentazone SL. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides could be applied to provide effective weed management in barley and wheat field.

Antagonistic Potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum Towards Seed-Borne Fungal Pathogens of Winter Wheat cv. Protiva In Vitro and In Vivo

  • Hasan, M.M.;Rahman, S.M.E.;Kim, Gwang-Hee;Abdallah, Elgorban;Oh, Deog-Hwan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.585-591
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    • 2012
  • The antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum on a range of seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat (viz. Fusarium graminearum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp.) was assessed. The potential of T. harzianum as a biocontrol agent was tested in vitro and under field conditions. Coculture of the pathogens and Trichoderma under laboratory conditions clearly showed dominance of T. harzianum. Under natural conditions, biocontrol effects were also obtained against the test fungi. One month after sowing, field emergence (plant stand) was increased by 15.93% over that obtained with the control treatment, and seedling infection was reduced significantly. Leaf blight severity was decreased from 22 to 11 at the heading stage, 35 to 31 at the flowering stage, and 86 to 74 at the grain filling stage. At harvest, the number of tillers per plant was increased by 50%, the yield was increased by 31.58%, and the 1,000-seed weight was increased by 21%.

밀 Frucdtan Exohydrolase의 분리 및 특성 (Purification and Properties of Wheat Fructan Exohydrolase)

  • Byeong Ryong, Jeong;Thomas L, Housley
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.456-464
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    • 1996
  • 밀의 영양체 저장탄수화물인 fructan의 대사에 관련된 fructan exohydrolase(FEH) 효소의 특성을 구명하기 위해 FEH를 밀의 줄기와 엽초에서 정제, 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. FEH의 분자량은 63.7kD이었으며, pH 5.5와 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 최고의 활성을 보였다. 2. FEH의 $K_{m}$$V_{max}$는 fructan의 크기에 따라 각각 10~37mM, 5g~179mM로 변이를 보였으며, tetrasaccharide가 본 실험에서 사용된 기질 중에서 가장 낮은 $K_{m}$$V_{max}$를 보였다. 3. 밀의 FEH는 $eta$(2 $\longrightarrow$1)로 연결된 fructan에 대하여 기질 특이성을 보였으며 $\beta$(2 $\longrightarrow$6) fructan과 sucrose는 분해할 수 없었다.

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Determination of Sample Sizes for Plant Characteristics of Food Crops

  • Chang, Suk-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 1998
  • The minimum number of samples for the measurement of plant characteristics of major crops were calculated from the data obtained from the field experiments on rice, barley, wheat, soybean and sweet potato conducted by Kyungpuk Rural Development Administration.

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