• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.584-592
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of wheat sprouts grown in wild fields and cultivated fields and harvested at various times were analyzed to compare the quality characteristics of the wheat sprouts as a function of their cultivation and harvest time, as well as for the development of functional materials. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity of the wheat extracts, were subsequently analyzed. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the wheat extract increased from 16.97 mg TEAC/g sample on cultivation day three in cultivated field wheat sprouts to 25.99 mg TEAC/g sample after seven days of wild field cultivation. The total polyphenol content increased from 17.08 mg GA eq/100 g in cultivated field wheat sprouts grown for three days to 28.70 mg GA eq/100 g after seven days of wild field cultivation. In addition, the flavonoid content increased from 7.02 mg catechin eq/100 g (7 days) to 8.47 mg/g after 12 days of wild field cultivation. Notably, the activity subsequently decreased. These results suggest that the wheat sprouts with higher biological activity were those produced from the wild field after 20 days.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

The efficacy of formulated Trichoderma harzianum-based Tricho-compost, seed treatment with Tricho-inocula, and chemical fungicide Provax 200 WP against foot and root rot diseases of wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was tested in the pot house and in the research field of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Tricho-compost was prepared with a mixed substrate of cow dung, rice bran, and poultry refuse colonized by T. harzianum. Seedling mortality of wheat was significantly reduced by the Tricho-compost, Tricho-inocula, and Provax 200 WP both in the pot house as well as in the field experiments. The yield of wheat was sharply increased over the control due to the T. harzianum formulations and Provax 200 WP. Among the treatments, soil application of Tricho-compost was more efficient in reducing seedling mortality and accelerating plant growth with an increased yield of wheat with S. rolfsii-inoculated pot cultures and field experiments.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2012

In Irkutsk region the plants of spring wheat (Tr. aestivum) grow in three agro-ecological zones: steppe, forest-steppe and subtaiga. Due to this reason, the paper determines the coefficients of correlation between the indicators field germination of seeds, plant safety, productivity, temperature and moisture content of the plant habitat for each zone. The zonal moisture saving features of soil treatment for growing wheat plants (Tr. aestivum) are discussed on the basis of these data.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2019

Investigations related with factors influencing root and crown rot are rare and mainly related to farming practice and soil management. The main objective of this study was to examine broader range of factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat in the field conditions. The effect of spatial distribution of infected plants on disease index (DIs) assessments was also investigated. Analysis of factors influencing DIs of crown rot of wheat demonstrated significant influence of the growing seasons (P < 0.001) and extreme fluctuations in winter temperatures (P < 0.001). In addition to that, localities together with their interaction with the growing season also significantly influenced DIs (P < 0.001). Aggregation of infected plants influenced variability of DI estimations, and it was pointed out that more extensive investigation should be conducted on broad range of DI in order to establish sampling method giving uniform sampling precision. Fusarium graminearum was shown to be predominant Fusarium species in Serbia (72.6%) using sequence-characterized amplified region analysis. Interestingly F. oxysporum was isolated in higher frequencies (27.4%) than it was reported in the literature. Given that there were no reports on the diversity of Fusarium species causing crown rot of wheat in Serbia, this study presents first report on this important subject. It also indicated that more attention should be focused on combined effects of abiotic and biotic factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat. This knowledge will contribute to better understanding of factors influencing root and crown rot of wheat which would ensure sustainable disease management in the future.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.223-240
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• 2021

본 연구 시험포장의 토양은 식양질의 지산통으로 우리나라 논토양의 평균적인 화학적 특성과 비교하면 유효규산과 pH가 높았으며 유효인산과 유기물함량은 낮았다. 관행 및 유기재배구의 생육특성은 초장과 수장, 분얼수는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 입모수의 경우 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 유기재배구에서 관행재배구에 비해 잡초발생이 많았으며 이는 수확작업 시 수확량의 손실에 지대한 영향을 미쳤으며 주요 초종으로는 뚝새풀과 벼룩나물이었다. 밀의 생리장해로서 도복의 발생은 유기재배구보다 관행재배구에서 더 많이 발생하였는데 이는 질소질비료의 시용량과 관련이 있는 것으로 보여진다. 병해충발생은 겉깜부기병, 붉은곰팡이병, 흰가루병, 잎마름병, 누른모자이크병, 노린재류, 진딧물이 발생하였으며 유기재배구에서 겉깜부기병과 붉은곰팡이병 다소 발생하였다. 관행과 유기재배구에서 수확한 밀알의 성분분석 결과, 단백질함량은 전남지방에서 생산되는 밀의 평균값보다 낮았고 회분함량은 높게 나타났으며 2019년과 2020년의 연차 간 밀알성분의 차이는 단백질, 지방의 함량은 증가하고 수분, 탄수화물함량은 감소하였으며 회분은 비슷한 함량을 보였다. 2019년의 밀 수확량은 유기재배구(559 kg/0.1 ha)가 관행재배구(532 kg/0.1 ha)보다 더 높은 수량을 보였지만 2020년에는 배수불량으로 인한 누른모자이크병과 잡초 발생으로 관행재배구는 10%, 유기재배구는 30%의 수확량 감수를 초래했다. 2019년의 밀 재배농가의 순수익은 관행재배구(46만원/0.1 ha)로 유기재배구(44만원/0.1 ha)에 비해 다소 높게 나타났으며 경영비는 유기재배구(16.2만원/0.1 ha)가 관행재배구(9.4만원/0.1 ha)에 비해 다소 높았는데 이는 유기재배에서 비료비와 종자비가 관행재배보다 높았기 때문이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1300-1307
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• 2007

This study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. Rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. Five isolates belonging to Pseudomonas and one Burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions were selected and characterized for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, P solubilization, and root colonization. These isolates were then used as inocula for wheat cultivated under natural conditions in pot and/or field trials. Significant increases in root elongation, root weight, tillers per pot, 1,000-grain weight, and grain and straw yields were observed in response to inoculation with PGPR in the pot trials. Inoculation with these PGPR was also effective under field conditions and increased the wheat growth and yield significantly. However, the efficacy of the strains was inconsistent under the axenic, pot, and field conditions. Pseudomonas fluorescens ($ACC_{50}$), which exhibited a relatively high in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, and P solubilization and more intensive root colonization, was the most efficient isolate under the field conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ACC-deaminase activity is an efficient parameter for the selection of promising PGPR under axenic conditions. However, additional traits of PGPR, including auxin production, chitinase activity, P solubilization, and root colonization, are also important for selecting PGPR as biofertilizers.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2017

World wheat production is now under threat due to the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh in early March 2016. This is a new disease in this area, indicating the higher possibility of this pathogen spreading throughout the Asia, the world's largest wheat producing area. Occurrence of this disease caused ~3.5% reduction of the total wheat fields in Bangladesh. Its economic effect on the Bangladesh wheat market was little because wheat contributes to 3% of total cereal consumption, among which ~70% have been imported from other countries. However, as a long-term perspective, much greater losses will occur once this disease spreads to other major wheat producing areas of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan due to the existing favorable condition for the blast pathogen. The wheat blast pathogen belongs to the Magnaporthe oryzae species complex causing blast disease on multiple hosts in the Poaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladesh outbreak strains and the Brazil outbreak strains were the same phylogenetic lineage, suggesting that they might be migrated from Brazil to Bangladesh during the seed import. To protect wheat production of Bangladesh and its neighbors, several measures including rigorous testing of seed health, use of chemicals, crop rotation, reinforcement of quarantine procedures, and increased field monitoring should be implemented. Development of blast resistant wheat varieties should be a long-term solution and combination of different methods with partial resistant lines may suppress this disease for some time.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.297-297
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• 2022

Wheat is the staple food crop in the word, but wheat products have a low bioavailability of iron and zinc. So in the developing world, where wheat is a staple food, it suffers from micronutrients deficiency. This study was conducted to generate wheat varieties with enhanced grain Zn and Fe contents. Sixty wheat resource were cultivated over 2 years (2019-2021) in the field of NICS, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, to identify agronomic traits. Wheat grains were ground using grinder and analyzed whole wheat flour protein contents and Fe and Zn contents using ICP-OES. The average contents of Zn and Fe grain were 4.6 mg/100g (2.4~8.8 mg/100g) and 4.5 mg/100g (2.4~7.9 mg/100g), respectively. The contents of Fe and Zn in the wheat grain had a positive correlation with the protein content of whole wheat flour, but there was no correlation with heading date (4.22~5.27) and the thousand kernel weight (21.3~57.5 g). Although there was year variation, six resources with high contents of Fe (>5.2 mg/100 g) and Zn (>5.3 mg/100 g) grain in 2 years were selected. These results provide information for selecting breeding materials for biofortified wheat, and further studies on germplasms genetic variations and bioavailability are needed.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.1196-1201
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• 1993

Test of Caterpillar Challenger 65 tractor which has rubber tracks, and articulated four wheel drive tractor with dual wheels and a mechanical front wheel drive tractor were conducted on an unplowed and plouwed wheat stubble field. The following parameters were analyzed : tractive efficiency (ηv), net tractive coefficient ($\phi$n), slip ($\sigma$) , drawbar pull(Fv), drawbar power (Pv) and forward velocity(v). The maximum net tractive coefficient was established at the tractive efficiency of 0.60 on the unplowed wheat stubble field : for the Challenger 65 tractor 0.855 ; 4WD 0.624 and MFWD 0.534 and on the plowed wheat stubble field with the tractive efficiency of 0.40 for the Challenger 65 tractor 0.82 : 4WD 0.57 and for tractor MFWD 0.48.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2020

본 연구는 호남지역 유휴 논토양에서 곡실 사료용 밀 생산에 적합한 품종 선발을 위해 국내산 총 8개(금강, 조경, 백중, 수안, 청우, 고소, 호중, 조중)의 품종을 선택하여 전북 완주군에서 2015년부터 2016년까지 파종 및 수확하였으며, 사료가치 평가를 위해 일반성분 및 반추위 소화율 분석을 실시하였다. 시험품종 중 출수기는 "조중"이 4월 15일로 가장 빨랐으며, 성숙기 또한 5월 24일로 가장 빨랐다. "백중"의 출수기는 4월 18일로 "금강"과 같았고, 성숙기는 5월 29일로 하루 늦었지만 전 시험품종 간의 유의성은 없었다. 경수는 "고소"가 513개/㎡로 가장 적었으며, "청우"가 974개/㎡로 가장 많았다. "백중"의 경수는 901개/㎡로 시험품종 중 경수가 많은 품종에 속하며, 수확량은 542kg/10a으로 가장 많았다(p<0.05). 일반성분 분석, 반추위내 건물 및 조단백질 소화율 평가에서 시험품종 간 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 옥수수보다 높은 영양 가치와 소화율을 확인하였다. 따라서 상기 8개 밀 품종은 공히 수입곡물을 대체 할 수 있는 훌륭한 사료자원이며, 수확량이 높은 품종을 선택하여 곡실 사료로의 이용성을 확대하면, 논경지이용효율 증대와 더불어 축산농가 사료비 절감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.