• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.584-592
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of wheat sprouts grown in wild fields and cultivated fields and harvested at various times were analyzed to compare the quality characteristics of the wheat sprouts as a function of their cultivation and harvest time, as well as for the development of functional materials. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity of the wheat extracts, were subsequently analyzed. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the wheat extract increased from 16.97 mg TEAC/g sample on cultivation day three in cultivated field wheat sprouts to 25.99 mg TEAC/g sample after seven days of wild field cultivation. The total polyphenol content increased from 17.08 mg GA eq/100 g in cultivated field wheat sprouts grown for three days to 28.70 mg GA eq/100 g after seven days of wild field cultivation. In addition, the flavonoid content increased from 7.02 mg catechin eq/100 g (7 days) to 8.47 mg/g after 12 days of wild field cultivation. Notably, the activity subsequently decreased. These results suggest that the wheat sprouts with higher biological activity were those produced from the wild field after 20 days.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

The efficacy of formulated Trichoderma harzianum-based Tricho-compost, seed treatment with Tricho-inocula, and chemical fungicide Provax 200 WP against foot and root rot diseases of wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was tested in the pot house and in the research field of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Tricho-compost was prepared with a mixed substrate of cow dung, rice bran, and poultry refuse colonized by T. harzianum. Seedling mortality of wheat was significantly reduced by the Tricho-compost, Tricho-inocula, and Provax 200 WP both in the pot house as well as in the field experiments. The yield of wheat was sharply increased over the control due to the T. harzianum formulations and Provax 200 WP. Among the treatments, soil application of Tricho-compost was more efficient in reducing seedling mortality and accelerating plant growth with an increased yield of wheat with S. rolfsii-inoculated pot cultures and field experiments.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.257-261
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• 2012

In Irkutsk region the plants of spring wheat (Tr. aestivum) grow in three agro-ecological zones: steppe, forest-steppe and subtaiga. Due to this reason, the paper determines the coefficients of correlation between the indicators field germination of seeds, plant safety, productivity, temperature and moisture content of the plant habitat for each zone. The zonal moisture saving features of soil treatment for growing wheat plants (Tr. aestivum) are discussed on the basis of these data.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.553-563
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• 2019

Investigations related with factors influencing root and crown rot are rare and mainly related to farming practice and soil management. The main objective of this study was to examine broader range of factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat in the field conditions. The effect of spatial distribution of infected plants on disease index (DIs) assessments was also investigated. Analysis of factors influencing DIs of crown rot of wheat demonstrated significant influence of the growing seasons (P < 0.001) and extreme fluctuations in winter temperatures (P < 0.001). In addition to that, localities together with their interaction with the growing season also significantly influenced DIs (P < 0.001). Aggregation of infected plants influenced variability of DI estimations, and it was pointed out that more extensive investigation should be conducted on broad range of DI in order to establish sampling method giving uniform sampling precision. Fusarium graminearum was shown to be predominant Fusarium species in Serbia (72.6%) using sequence-characterized amplified region analysis. Interestingly F. oxysporum was isolated in higher frequencies (27.4%) than it was reported in the literature. Given that there were no reports on the diversity of Fusarium species causing crown rot of wheat in Serbia, this study presents first report on this important subject. It also indicated that more attention should be focused on combined effects of abiotic and biotic factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat. This knowledge will contribute to better understanding of factors influencing root and crown rot of wheat which would ensure sustainable disease management in the future.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-240
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic wheat production using gelatin·chitin microorganisms in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju city. The soil condition of experiment field was clay loam Jisan series. The organically cultivated fields were sprayed gelatin and chitin degrading bacteria. The test was performed at conventionally cultivated field and organically cultivated field. Emergence of weed on organically cultivated field was significantly higher than conventionally cultivated field which sprayed herbicide before seeding. Weed emergence have a critical impact on grain yield. Occurrence of diseases and insect pests were higher than conventionally cultivated fields. In 2019, the amount of lodging in conventionally cultivated field were higher than conventionally cultivated field. In 2020, lodging and wet injury were occur in both field. Comparing yield element between organically and conventionally cultivated experimental area, grain yield in organically cultivated field was shown slightly higher amount than conventionally cultivated field. However in the actual yield of 2019, organically cultivated field shows 20% deceased yield because of overgrown weed. In 2020, weed emergence and yellow mosaic virus by wet injury cause 30% decease in the grain yield in organically cultivated field. Content of protein, carbohydrates, ash, water and fat in the grain were not different significance. In 2019, net incomes of conventionally cultivated wheat was 461,031 won/0.1 ha while organically cultivated wheat was 443,437 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 83.0% as against organically cultivated field (73.3%). In 2020, net incomes of organically cultivated wheat was 437,812 won/0.1 ha while conventionally cultivated wheat was 418,281 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 81.6% as against organically cultivated field (73.0%).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1300-1307
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• 2007

This study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. Rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. Five isolates belonging to Pseudomonas and one Burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions were selected and characterized for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, P solubilization, and root colonization. These isolates were then used as inocula for wheat cultivated under natural conditions in pot and/or field trials. Significant increases in root elongation, root weight, tillers per pot, 1,000-grain weight, and grain and straw yields were observed in response to inoculation with PGPR in the pot trials. Inoculation with these PGPR was also effective under field conditions and increased the wheat growth and yield significantly. However, the efficacy of the strains was inconsistent under the axenic, pot, and field conditions. Pseudomonas fluorescens ($ACC_{50}$), which exhibited a relatively high in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, and P solubilization and more intensive root colonization, was the most efficient isolate under the field conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ACC-deaminase activity is an efficient parameter for the selection of promising PGPR under axenic conditions. However, additional traits of PGPR, including auxin production, chitinase activity, P solubilization, and root colonization, are also important for selecting PGPR as biofertilizers.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2017

World wheat production is now under threat due to the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh in early March 2016. This is a new disease in this area, indicating the higher possibility of this pathogen spreading throughout the Asia, the world's largest wheat producing area. Occurrence of this disease caused ~3.5% reduction of the total wheat fields in Bangladesh. Its economic effect on the Bangladesh wheat market was little because wheat contributes to 3% of total cereal consumption, among which ~70% have been imported from other countries. However, as a long-term perspective, much greater losses will occur once this disease spreads to other major wheat producing areas of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan due to the existing favorable condition for the blast pathogen. The wheat blast pathogen belongs to the Magnaporthe oryzae species complex causing blast disease on multiple hosts in the Poaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladesh outbreak strains and the Brazil outbreak strains were the same phylogenetic lineage, suggesting that they might be migrated from Brazil to Bangladesh during the seed import. To protect wheat production of Bangladesh and its neighbors, several measures including rigorous testing of seed health, use of chemicals, crop rotation, reinforcement of quarantine procedures, and increased field monitoring should be implemented. Development of blast resistant wheat varieties should be a long-term solution and combination of different methods with partial resistant lines may suppress this disease for some time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2022

Wheat is the staple food crop in the word, but wheat products have a low bioavailability of iron and zinc. So in the developing world, where wheat is a staple food, it suffers from micronutrients deficiency. This study was conducted to generate wheat varieties with enhanced grain Zn and Fe contents. Sixty wheat resource were cultivated over 2 years (2019-2021) in the field of NICS, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, to identify agronomic traits. Wheat grains were ground using grinder and analyzed whole wheat flour protein contents and Fe and Zn contents using ICP-OES. The average contents of Zn and Fe grain were 4.6 mg/100g (2.4~8.8 mg/100g) and 4.5 mg/100g (2.4~7.9 mg/100g), respectively. The contents of Fe and Zn in the wheat grain had a positive correlation with the protein content of whole wheat flour, but there was no correlation with heading date (4.22~5.27) and the thousand kernel weight (21.3~57.5 g). Although there was year variation, six resources with high contents of Fe (>5.2 mg/100 g) and Zn (>5.3 mg/100 g) grain in 2 years were selected. These results provide information for selecting breeding materials for biofortified wheat, and further studies on germplasms genetic variations and bioavailability are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1196-1201
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• 1993

Test of Caterpillar Challenger 65 tractor which has rubber tracks, and articulated four wheel drive tractor with dual wheels and a mechanical front wheel drive tractor were conducted on an unplowed and plouwed wheat stubble field. The following parameters were analyzed : tractive efficiency (ηv), net tractive coefficient ($\phi$n), slip ($\sigma$) , drawbar pull(Fv), drawbar power (Pv) and forward velocity(v). The maximum net tractive coefficient was established at the tractive efficiency of 0.60 on the unplowed wheat stubble field : for the Challenger 65 tractor 0.855 ; 4WD 0.624 and MFWD 0.534 and on the plowed wheat stubble field with the tractive efficiency of 0.40 for the Challenger 65 tractor 0.82 : 4WD 0.57 and for tractor MFWD 0.48.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to select the wheat varieties, among 8 domestic cultivates, that are suitable, for use as grain feed at paddy fields in the Honam region. The seeds of wheat were sown and harvested in Wanju County. Among the wheat varieties, "Jojoong" was the earliest for its heading date on April 15, and it showed the earliest day for the maturing date on May 24. The heading date of "Baegjong" was the same as that for "Keumkang" on April 18, and the maturing date was one day later than that for "Keumkang" on May 29. But there was no significant difference of heading and maturing dates among the 8 wheat varieties. The lowest number of spikes/㎡ was 513/㎡ of "Goso", and the highest number of spikes/㎡ was 974/㎡ of "Chongwoo". The spikes/㎡ and yield of "Baegjon" was 542kg/10a and it was the highest yielding variety among the 8 wheat varieties. The chemical compositions of DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) on rumen digestibility were not significantly different among the 8 wheat varieties. Furthermore, rumen digestibility of DM and CP, and the nutrients value were slightly higher than those of corn. The domestic 8 wheat varieties for grain feed, with their high nutrient qualities, could eventually replace imported grain feed and wheat grain feed. These 8 varieties are cost-effective feed and paddy field fodder for livestock farmers.