• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2010

미성숙 종자로부터 추출된 전체 RNA를 이용하여 합성한 cDNA와 LMW-GS 특이 프라이머세트를 이용하여 43개의 LMW-GS 유전자를 분리하였다. 각각의 유추 아미노산은 상동성이 높은 20개의 시그널 펩타이드, N-말단 영역, 반복서열영역 그리고 C-말단 영역을 가지며 C-말단 영역에 분자내 혹은 분자간 이황화 결합을 형성하는 전형적인 8개의 시스테인을 가지고 있었다. 이들 시스테인의 위치는 첫번째, 일곱번째를 제외하고는 보존되어 있었다. Ikeda 분류법과 비교할 경우, 이들은 각각 그룹 1, 2, 3 또는 4, 5, 7, 10(이중 그룹 2와 5가 가장 많음) 그리고 11에 속하며 그룹 6, 8, 9 그리고 12에 속한 단백질은 탐지되지 않았다. 이들 43개 LMW-GS 유전자들을 Lasergene Version 7.0을 이용하여 DNA 염기서열 수준에서 계통도를 분석한 결과 Ikeda 그룹의 분류법과 일치하였다. 단백질 수준에서 LMW-GS들을 확인하기 위해 2DE로 이들 단백질을 분리하여 이들의 N-말단 아미노산 서열을 분석하였다. 7개 스팟의 N-말단 아미노산 서열을 확인할 수 있었고 이중 2개는 N-말단 아미노산 서열이 세린으로 시작하는 LMW-s 타입이었고 5개는 N-말단 아미노산 서열이 메티오닌으로 시작하는 LMW-m 타입이었다. 이들 서열은 Ikeda 그룹의 분류법에 따르면 그룹 1, 2, 3, 3/4, 5 그리고 10이었다. 이들 LMW-GS 단백질 중 2개는 Glu-D3 그리고 3개는 Glu-B3에 의해 encoding 되었고 나머지는 확인이 불가능 하였다. 그룹 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 그리고 12의 스팟은 확인할 수 없었다. N-말단 아미노산 서열들과 클로닝된 LMW-GS 유전자군을 비교해 보면 그룹 1, 2, 3/4, 5 그리고 10이 모두 유전자와 단백질 수준에서 존재하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 다양한 LMW-GS 유전자들을 분리, 동정하였고 이들의 해당 단백질을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 밀가루 품질 향상을 위한 육종 프로그램에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1994

밀의 조직절편을 직접 유전자 전이에 의해서 형질전환시켰다. 기계적으로 잘려진 뿌리조직 절편은 pBl 121 plasmid DNA와 electroporation 방법으로 형질전환시켰으며 300mg/L kanamycin을 함유하는 MS 배지에서 배양하였다. 형질전환된 캘러스는 배양한 지 5-7일이내에 개시되었으며 4주 후 선발되었다. 형질전환 효율의 최적수준은 200 V/ 800uF이었으며 2.5%로 형성되었다. GUS 분석과 southern 분석은 뿌리절편과 절편유래 캘러스로부터 외래유전자의 발현과 안정한 형질전환이 이루어졌음을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1374-1380
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• 2012

The changes in yields and nutritive composition of whole crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during maturation and effects of maturity stage and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were investigated under laboratory conditions. Whole crop wheat harvested at three maturation stages: flowering stage, milk stage and dough stage. Two strains of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum: LAB1, Lactobacillus parafarraqinis: LAB2) were inoculated for wheat ensiling at $1.0{\times}10^5$ colony forming units per gram of fresh forage. The results indicated that wheat had higher dry matter yields at the milk and dough stages. The highest water-soluble carbohydrates content, crude protein yields and relative feed value of wheat were obtained at the milk stage, while contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were the lowest, compared to the flowering and dough stages. Lactic acid contents of wheat silage significantly decreased with maturity. Inoculating homofermentative LAB1 markedly reduced pH values and ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) content (p<0.05) of silages at three maturity stages compared with their corresponding controls. Inoculating heterofermentative LAB2 did not significantly influence pH values, whereas it notably lowered lactic acid and $NH_3$-N content (p<0.05) and effectively improved the aerobic stability of silages. In conclusion, considering both yields and nutritive value, whole crop wheat as forage should be harvested at the milk stage. Inoculating LAB1 improved the fermentation quality, while inoculating LAB2 enhanced the aerobic stability of wheat silages at different maturity stages.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.124-124
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• 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major staple foods and is in increasing demand in the world. The elevated temperature due to changes in climate and environmental conditions is a major factor affecting wheat development and grain quality. The optimal temperature range for winter wheat is between 15~25℃, it is necessary to study the physiological characteristic of wheat according to the elevated temperature. This study presents the effect of elevated temperature on the yield and quality of two Korean bread wheat (Baekkang and Jokyoung) in a temperature gradient tunnel (TGT). Two bread wheat cultivars were grown in TGT at four different temperature conditions, i.e. TO control (near ambient temperature), T1 control+1℃, T2 control+2℃, T3 control+3℃. The period from sowing to heading stage has accelerated, while the growth properties including culm length, spike length and number of spike, have not changed by elevated temperature. On the contrary, the number of grains per spike and grain yield was reduced under T3 condition compared with that of control condition. In addition, the. The grain filling rate and grain maturity also accelerated by elevated temperature (T3). The elevating temperature has led to increasing protein and gluten contents, whereas causing reduction of total starch contents. These results are consistent with reduced expression of starch synthesis genes and increased gliadin synthesis or gluten metabolism genes during late grain filling period. Taken together, our results suggest that the elevated temperature (T3) leads to reduction in grain yield regulating number of grains/spike, whereas increasing the gluten content by regulating the expression of starch and gliadin-related genes or gluten metabolism process genes expression. Our results should be provide a useful physiological information for the heat stress response of wheat.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.184-184
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• 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and bioactive property of extracts from a purple-colored wheat variety 'Arriheuk' (Triticum aestivum L.) wheatgrass, affected by light emitting diode irradiation (LED). The wheatgrass was cultivated for 10 days after sowing in a growth chamber under the following LED conditions: R1B1 (Red:Blue = 1:1), R7B3 (Red:Blue = 7:3), and R3B7 (Red:Blue = 3:7). We examined antioxidant activity of the hot water extracts of wheatgrass using DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. At the concentration of 10,000 ㎍/ml, the extract from R1B1 showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity(79.29%), but its ABTS free radical scavenging activity was the lowest(32.0%). To evaluate bioactive property of the wheatgrass, we examined the change of natural killer (NK) cell activity affected by the wheatgrass extracts in vitro. At the concentration of 500㎍/ml, NK cell activity was most highly enhanced by the extract from R1B1(181.6%), and the activity was 176.1% (R7B3) and 144.6%(R3B7), respectively. These results suggest that the functional property of 'Arriheuk' wheatgrass would be enhanced by LED irradiation condition.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.245-249
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• 1995

보리, 밀, 등을 수확기에 보면 미열이삭이 생기는데 이 미열이삭의 수가 품종간에 차이를 나타내는 것인가 하는 문제와 그렇다면 그의 유전력은 어떠하며 다른 형질들과의 상관은 어떻게 나타날 것인가에 대한 조사를 한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 보리의 미열이삭수는 찰보리가 평균 6도로서 제일 많았고 조강보리와 새올보리가 평균 1도로서 제일 적어 품종간차가 뚜렷하였다. 2. 밀의 미열이삭수도 탑동밀이 3.6도로서 제일 많았고 조광이 1.4도로서 제일 적어 품종간차가 분명하였다. 3. 보리의 미열이삭수의 유전력은 0.85로서 상당히 높았으며 밀은 0.65로서 보리보다는 약간 낮았으나 두 작물 모두 비교적 높은 유전력을 나타내었다. 4. 보리의 미열이삭수는 절간수와 고도의 유의성이 있는 상관을 나타내었고, 지엽장과도 유의성이 있는 상관을 나타내었으나 다른 형질들과는 상관이 낮거나 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 5. 말의 미열이삭과 절간수와의 사이에는 유의성있는 부의 상관을 나타내었고 미열이삭과 다른 형질들 사이에는 상관이 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1129-1135
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• 2016

Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. In this study, the effects of N application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. The N application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. The research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. The crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N up to 225 kg/ha, while they no longer increased at N 300 kg/ha. On the contrary, the content of various fibers tended to decrease with the increase of N application. The content of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid in silages increased with the increase of N rate (p<0.05). The ammonia-N content of silages with higher N application rates (${\geq}225kg/ha$) was significantly higher than that with lower N application rates (${\leq}150kg/ha$). Whole-crop wheat applied with high levels of N accumulated more nitrate-N. In conclusion, taking account of yields, nutritive value, silage quality and safety, the optimum N application to whole-crop wheat should be about 150 kg/ha at the present experiment conditions.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2000

Quantifying the changes of soil microbial biomass and activity of enzymes are important to understand the dynamics of active soil C and N pools. The dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N and the activity of enzymes over entire growth period of soybean-(Glycine max (L) Merr.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence on a Typic Haplustert as influenced by organic manure and inorganic fertilizer N were investigated in a field experiment. The application of farmyard manure at 4 to 16 $Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}\;y^{-1}r^{-1}$ along with fertilizer nitrogen at 50 or 180 $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ increased the mean soil microbial biomass from 1.12 to 2.05 fold over unmanured soils under soybean-wheat system. Irrespective of organic and chemical fertilizer N application, the soil microbial biomass was maximum during the first two months at active growing stage of the crops and subsequently declined with crop maturity. The mean annual microbial activity was significantly increased when manure and chemical fertilizer at 8 $Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ and 50/180 N $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively were applied. The C turnover rate decreased by 47 to 72 % when the level of farmyard manure was increased from 4 to 8 and 16 $Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. There were significant correlations between biomass C, available N, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and yield of the crops.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.236-236
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• 2017

Low soil pH causes from $H^+$ rhizotoxicity results in nutrients unavailability in the growing media, inhibits plant growth, development and reduces crop yields. The present study was carried out to reveal morpholophysiological and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to acidity stress. Four wheat varieties viz. BARI Wheat-21, BARI Wheat-25, BARI Wheat-26 and BARI Wheat-30 were used in the study. Eight-day-old seedlings were exposed to different pH levels (3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5) of growing media. Acidity stress at any level reduced biomass, water, and chlorophyll contents in all the varieties; whereas BARI Wheat-26 showed the least damage. $H^+$ rhizotoxicity also caused oxidative stress through excess production of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal which increase lipid peroxidation in all the varieties but the lowest oxidative damage was observed in BARI Wheat-26 due to better performance of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Considering the growth, physiological and biochemical attributes BARI Wheat-26 may be considered as acidity stress tolerant, among the variety examined.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권sup1호
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2009