• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.102-133
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• 2015

Nature, such as plants, insects, and marine animals, uses micro/nano-textured surfaces in their components (e.g., leaves, wings, eyes, legs, and skins) for multiple purposes, such as water-repellency, anti-adhesiveness, and self-cleanness. Such multifunctional surface properties are attributed to three-dimensional surface structures with modulated surface wettability. Especially, hydrophobic surface structures create a composite interface with liquid by retaining air between the structures, minimizing the contact area with liquid. Such non-wetting surface property, so-called superhydrophobicity, can offer numerous application potentials, such as hydrodynamic drag reduction, anti-biofouling, anti-corrosion, anti-fogging, anti-frosting, and anti-icing. Over the last couple of decades, we have witnessed a significant advancement in the understanding of surface superhydrophobicity as well as the design, fabrication, and applications of superhydrophobic coatings/surfaces/materials. In this talk, the designs, fabrications, and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces for multifunctionalities will be presented, including hydrodynamic friction reduction, anti-biofouling, anti-corrosion, and anti-icing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2011

Recently, many research studies have investigated the enormous critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement caused by nanofluids during pool boiling and flow boiling. One of the main reasons for this enhancement is nanoparticle deposition on the heated surface. However, in real applications, nanofluids create many problems when used as working fluids because of sedimentation and aggregation. Therefore, artificial surfaces on silicon and metal have been developed to create an effect similar to that of nanoparticle deposition. These modified surfaces have proved capable of greatly increasing the CHF during pool boiling, and good results have also been observed during flow boiling. In this study, we demonstrate that the wetting ability of a surface, i.e., wettability, and the liquid spreading ability (hydrophilic surface property), are key parameters for increasing the CHF during both pool and flow boiling. We also demonstrate that when the fuel surface in nuclear power plants is modified in a similar manner, it has the same effect, producing a large CHF enhancement.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2007

Woven sisal textile fiber reinforced composites were used to evaluate fracture toughness, tensile and three-point bending. The water absorption testing of all specimens was repeated five times in this study. All specimens were immersed in pure water during 9 days at room temperature, and dried in 1 day at $50^{\circ}C$. Two kinds of polymer matrices such as epoxy and vinyl-ester were used. Fractured surfaces were taken to study the failure mechanism and fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion. It is shown that it can be enhanced to improve their mechanical performance to reveal the relationship between fracture toughness and water absorption fatigue according to different polymer matrices. Water uptake of the epoxy composites was found to increase with cycle times. Mechanical properties are dramatically affected by the water absorption cycles. Water-absorbed samples showed poor mechanical properties, such as lower values of maximum strength and extreme elongation. The $K_{IC}$ values demonstrated a decrease in inclination with increasing cyclic times of wetting and drying for the epoxy and vinyl-ester.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2014

The roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication method to make micro-scale pillar arrays for biomimetic functionalization of surfaces is presented. Inspired by the micro-structure of plants in nature, a surface with a synthetic micro-scale pillar array is fabricated via maskless photolithography. After the surface is SAM (self-assembled monolayer) coated with trichlorosilane in a vacuum desiccator, it displays a hydrophobic property even in R2R replicas of original substrate, whose properties are further characterized using various pitches and diameters. In order to perform a comparison between the original micro-pattern and its replicas, surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and wetting characteristics were measured via a contact angle measurement tool with a $10{\mu}L$ water droplet. Efficient roll-to-roll imprinting for a biomimetic functionalized surface has the potential for use in many fields ranging from water repelling and self-cleaning to microfluidic chips.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2002

Three different kinds of substrate used in this study : bare Cu, electroless Ni/Cu substrate with a Nilayer thickness of $5\mu\textrm{m}$, immersion Au/electroless Ni/Cu substrate with the Au and Ni layer of $0.15\mu\textrm{m}$ and $5\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness, respectively. The wettability and interfacial tension between various substrate and Sn-3.5Ag solder were examined as a function of soldering temperature, types of flux. The wettability of Sn-3.5Ag solder increased with soldering temperature and solid content of flux. The wettability of Sn-3.5Ag solder was affected by the substrate metal finish used, i.e., nickel, gold and copper. Intermetallic compound formation between liquid solder and substrate reduced the interfacial energy and decreased wettability.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2016

Detergency and surface active properties of mixed anionic surfactants with amphoteric and nonionic were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS) as anionic surfactants and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) as an amphoteric surfactant were used. Nonionic surfactants, which are butyl glucoside (BG), octyl glucoside (OG), decyl glucoside (DG), lauryl dimethylamine oxide (AO) and saponin were also used. To study the synergy effects of mixed SDS/ADS anionic surfactant systems, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants were added into the mixed anionic surfactants. Investigated properties of surfactant mixtures were critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension (${\gamma}$), wettability. In addition, based on these properties, detergency of each sample was examined. Surfactant mixtures are anionics (SDS/ADS), anionic/amphoteric/nonionic (SDS/ADS/CAPB/saponin), and anionic/nonionic (SDS/ADS/BG/saponin, SDS/ADS/OG/saponin, SDS/ADS/DG/saponin, and SDS/ADS/AO/saponin). With the addition of amphoteric and nonionic to mixed anionic surfactants, CMC and ${\gamma}$ were decreased. Addition of CAPB, which is amphoteric, showed the best property at CMC and ${\gamma}$. Furthermore, as the chain length of hydrocarbon in alkyl glucosides was increased, the CMC and ${\gamma}$ were enhanced. However, the wettability did not exactly match up with CMC and ${\gamma}$. The surfactant mixture, which contained DG, showed the best performance at wetting time. Detergency was measured at various temperatures ($15^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$). The cleaning performance was enhanced by increasing washing temperature. Moreover, detergency was influenced by not only CMC and ${\gamma}$ but also wettability. Although CMC and ${\gamma}$ were not minimum at surfactant mixture that included DG, the best cleaning performance showed in that sample.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.345-349
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• 1996

The wetting property of polymer surfaces is very important for practical applications. Plasma source ion implantation technique was used to improve the wetting properties of polymer surfaces. Poly(ethylene terephtalate) and other polymer sheets were mounted on the target stage and an RF plasma was generated by means of an antenna located inside the vacuum chamber. High voltage pulses of up to -10kV, 10 $\mu$sec, and up to 1 kHz were applied to the stage. The samples were implanted for 5 minutes with using Ar, $N_2,O_2,CH_4,CF_4$ and their mixture as source gases. A contact angle meter was used to measure the water contact angles of the implanted samples and of the samples stored in ambient conditions after implantation. The modified surfaces were analysed with Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The oxygen-implanted samples showed extremely low water contact angles of $3^{\circ}C$ compared to $79^{\circ}C$ of unimplanted ones. Furthermore, the modified surfaces were relatively stable with respect to aging in ambient conditions, which is one of the major concerns of the other surface treatment techniques. From TOF-SIMS analysis it was found that oxygen-containing functional groups had been formed on the implanted surfaces. On the other hand, the $CF_4$-implanted samples turned out to be more hydro-phobic than unimplanted ones, giving water contact angles exceeding $100^{\circ}C$ . The experiment showed that plasma source ion implantation is a very promising technique for polymer surface modification especially for large area treatment.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2022

Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a sustainable desalination technology to solve the water and energy problems faced by the modern society. In particular, the surface wetting properties of the membrane have been recognized as a key parameter to determine the performance of the MD system. In this study, a novel surface modification technique was developed to induce a Janus-type hydrophilic/hydrophobic layer on the membrane surface. The hydrophilic layer was created on a porous PVDF membrane by vapor phase polymerization of the pyrrole monomer, forming a thin coating of polypyrrole on the membrane walls. A rigid polymeric coating layer was created without compromising the membrane porosity. The hydrophilic coating was then followed by the in-situ growth of siloxane nanoparticles, where the condensation of organosilane provided quick loading of hydrophobic layers on the membrane surface. The composite layers of dual coatings allowed systematic control of the surface wettability of porous membranes. By the virtue of the photothermal property of the hydrophilic polypyrrole layer, the desalination performance of the coated membrane was tested in a solar MD system. The wetting properties of the dual-layer were further evaluated in a direct-contact MD module, exploring the potential of the Janus membrane structure for effective and low-energy desalination.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2012

부분포화토의 물리적 특징 중 하나인 함수특성곡선(soil-water characteristic curve)은 모관흡수력과 체적함수비의 관계를 나타낸다. 함수특성곡선은 지반의 습윤과정과 건조과정의 이력현상을 보여줄 수 있으나, 일반적으로 함수특성 곡선을 표현하는 방법은 이러한 이력현상을 무시한다. 또한 함수특성곡선의 고유한 형태는 흙의 간극비와 토립자들의 변형을 유발할 수 있는 외부의 여러 가지 하중들에 의해 언제든지 변화될 수 있다. 그러므로 여러 흙들이 가지고 있는 함수특성곡선과 토립자들 변형 사이의 관계에 대해서 실험적인 측면과 해석적인 측면의 차이점에 대해 이해가 필요하다. 실험적으로 1차 건조과정, 습윤과정 그리고 2차 건조과정으로 그려지는 전형적인 함수특성곡선들이 얻어진다. 이러한 이력현상을 갖는 함수특성곡선에서 습윤과정의 실험은 어려운 시험방법과 많은 시간소요가 필요하기 때문에 일반적으로 첫 번째 건조과정의 실험 결과를 불포화 투수계수와 전단강도 함수를 예측하기 위한 부분포화토의 물리적 특성으로 결정한다. 본 연구는 화강풍화토와 실트질 흙을 대상으로 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용하여 부분포화토의 중요한 물리적 특성을 갖는 함수특성곡선의 1차 건조과정과 습윤과정 차이인 흙의 체적 변형과 이력현상에 대한 수리학적-역학적 흙의 거동특성을 비교 검토하였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2003

지질이 소수성인 RGP lens의 관리용액인 다목적용액(multipurpose solution, MPS)에서 중요한 요소인 습윤성에 대해 알아보고자 시중에 유통 중인 6개사 제품을 측정 비교해 보았다. 실험에 사용한 MPS는 ALCON의 OPTI-SOAK, CIBA Vision의 SOLO care hard, ALLEKGAN의 Total care, BOSTON의 Simplicity, B&L의 Wetting and Soaking Sol., 그리고 Saehan의 Aquas-multi였으며, 실험방법은 각각에 대해 접촉각과 표면장력, 점도를 측정하였다. 결과는 RGP lens를 8시간 MPS에 담근 후 인공누액을 떨어뜨려 측정한 접촉각은 $25^{\circ}{\sim}36^{\circ}$의 범위로 렌즈와 MPS는 비교적 우수한 습윤성을 보여주었으며, 표면장력은 19.8~31.3 mN/m의 값이 얻어졌다. 각각의 다목적용액에 렌즈를 홀더에 얹은 상태로 계면과 렌즈가 분리될 때의 표면장력을 측정하였을 때는 26.5~33.5mN/m의 값이 측정되었다. 점도는 $4^{\circ}C$와 $28^{\circ}C$에서 측정했으며 측정온도에 따라 온도가 낮을수록 높게 측정되었고, MPS의 온도 $28^{\circ}C$에서 측정했으며 측정온도에 따라 온도가 낮을수록 높게 측정되었고, MPS의 온도 $28^{\circ}C$에서 점도는 9.5~65.5 cps를, $4^{\circ}C$에서는 6.5~137 cps의 값을 보였다. RGP lens MPS는 soft lens MPS에 비해 접촉각과 표면장력은 낮고, 점도는 높아서 습윤성이 더 우수하였는데 제조회사에 따라 습윤성의 차이가 다소 있었다.